2. Unit 6 Save the oceans Unit 6 Save the Oceans

3. What are the problems that our oceans face?  Over-fishing Improved fishing equipment has greatly increased the amount of fish caught, fishermen can now travel further out to sea. Unit 6 Save the Oceans Radar Crew’s quarters Factory deck Engine room Cold store Fuel tank

4. What are the problems that our oceans face?  Over-fishing The boats are fitted with sonar equipment to locate fish shoals. Fishermen use nets with smaller mesh sizes, so young fish was caught. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

5.  Over-fishing What are the problems that our oceans face? Salmon Tuna Whale Unit 6 Save the Oceans Fish with commercial value are regularly caught in large quantities are decreasing rapidly. Over-fishing has depleted many fish stocks such as salmon, tuna and whale.

6.  Over-fishing What are the problems that our oceans face? Blue whale Humpback whale Many species of whale are now near extinction. Today, less than 1% of the original population of the giant blue whale remains. Of the hump- back whales, only 3% remains. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

7. What are the problems that our oceans face? The release of harmful substances into the environment.  Pollution For a long time man has looked upon oceans as a bottomless dumping ground for waste. The amount of waste discharged into oceans has greatly increased because of the rapid development of industries and cities along the coast. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

8. What are the problems that our oceans face? Pollutant  : Industrial waste from industries along the coast. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

9. What are the problems that our oceans face? Pollutant  : City sewage from densely populated coastal regions. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

10. What are the problems that our oceans face? Pollutant  : Fertilizers and pesticides used in farming carried into the sea by rivers. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

11. What are the problems that our oceans face? Pollutant  : Oil leakage from ships and offshore oil mining. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

12. What are the problems that our oceans face? Pollutant  : Fallout from nuclear tests and dumping radioactive waste into oceans. Unit 6 Save the Oceans Radioactive waste should be handled carefully, otherwise our ocean will be seriously polluted.

13. Pollutants found in oceans include plastics, toxic chemicals such as DDT and PCBs, and heavy metals such as lead, mercury and zinc. What are the problems that our oceans face?  Toxic chemicals These pollutants enter the food chain and stay inside the body of fish and marine animals. They affect the reproductive ability of fish, marine animals and birds. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

14. What are the problems that our oceans face? Unit 6 Save the Oceans  Oil as a pollutant Oil is leaked out from ships in accidents or from oil wells. The damage done by oil spills is enormous. The ecosystems of marine plants and animals are ruined.

15. What are the problems that our oceans face? Unit 6 Save the Oceans On 24th March 1989, the oil super- tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska. 250 000 barrels of oil poured into the sea. Internet

16. What are the problems that our oceans face? More than 770 km of the coast of Saudi Arabia was coated with a thick dark layer of oil. A large amount of oil was released into the Persian Gulf during the Gulf War in 1991. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

17. What are the problems that our oceans face?  Nuclear waste The United States and France have repeatedly carried out nuclear tests in the South Pacific. These tests destroy the delicate coral islands and the fallouts pollute the seas around them. Oceans are used as a burial ground for radioactive waste. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

18. What are the problems that our oceans face?  Dredging of the seabed The dredging of the seabed and the dumping of materials muddy the sea water. The fish and animal population falls as food becomes less and their breeding grounds destroyed. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

19. How can we save our oceans? Very poor coastal water quality Very bad smell Each day Hong Kong discharge over 1.5 million cubic metres of untreated sewage into Victoria Harbour. Each day Hong Kong discharge over 1.5 million cubic metres of untreated sewage into Victoria Harbour. Blackish coloured water Bacterial contamination is extremely high Unit 6 Save the Oceans

20. How can we save our oceans? Treatment of sewage In 1989, the Environmental Protection Department completed the Sewage Strategy Study which developed an overall strategy for the management of sewage. A major part of the strategy was the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme which would collect sewage in the harbour areas through deep tunnels and transport it to a treatment plant at Stonecutters Island. The sewage would be treated, by adding chemicals followed by sedimentation, then discharged in the deep ocean water south of Lamma Island. The Environment Hong Kong 1997 Unit 6 Save the Oceans

21. The Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme km Lamma Island PS Treatment Plant Chai Wan SP PS Aberdeen SP Sandy Bay SP Shau Kei Wan SP Wanchai East SP North Point SP Treatment Plant Central SP Kwai Chung SP Tsing Yi Island SP Stonecutters treatment plant To Kwa Wan SP Kwun Tong SP + PS Tseung Kwan O SP Effluent Discharge Tunnel Pumping Station Ap Lei Chau SP SP Screening Plant  N The Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme ensures that all sewage will be treated before being discharged into deep ocean to the south of Lamma Island in future. Unit 6 Save the Oceans

22. How can we save our oceans? Ban nuclear tests and dumping of waste Nations should agree to stop the dumping of toxic waste into oceans. Industrial waste and sewage should be properly treated before being discharged into the sea. International co-operation is needed for the successful protection of the marine environment. United Nations offices in Vienna, Austria Unit 6 Save the Oceans

23. How can we save our oceans? Ban nuclear tests and dumping of waste  Nuclear tests should be banned to stop nuclear fallout from polluting our oceans. + Unit 6 Save the Oceans

24. How can we save our oceans? Better management of ocean fisheries  There is a need for all fishing nations to agree on fish catch quotas. Depleted species must be allowed the time and space to breed and grow again.  Minimum net mesh sizes should be set to allow smaller, younger fish to live and grow. Humpback whale Salmon Unit 6 Save the Oceans

25. How can we save our oceans? Whale meat The International Whaling Commission Internet Unit 6 Save the Oceans The International Whaling Commission has established whale sanctuaries in the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic west to South Africa, the Southern Ocean near Antarctica and in the South Pacific. Sanctuaries for endangered species

26. Since 1999 the Chinese Government has banned fishing by trawlers in the South China Sea in June and July each year. The purpose of the ban is to allow fish to regenerate and to stop further depletion. Since 1999 the Chinese Government has banned fishing by trawlers in the South China Sea in June and July each year. The purpose of the ban is to allow fish to regenerate and to stop further depletion. Unit 6 Save the Oceans How can we save our oceans? Sanctuaries for endangered species

27. How can we save our oceans? Environmental awareness As individuals we must develop a responsible attitude towards the marine environment. The best way to do this is by joining local green groups. Internet The Hong Kong Marine Conservation Society Internet Unit 6 Save the Oceans

28. Terms to Learn Fish shoals 魚群 Fish shoals ( 魚群 ) -- large groups of fish swimming together. Sewage 污水 Sewage ( 污水 ) -- liquid waste materials that flow in pipes to the sea or to a treatment plant. Pollutants 污染物 Pollutants ( 污染物 ) -- substances harmful to humans or the environment. DDT DDT -- a toxic chemical. Its full name is Dichlorodiphenyl- trichloroethane. PCBs PCBs -- a toxic chemical. Its full name is Polychlorinated biphenyls. Unit 6 Save the Oceans