1. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 WASTE TO ENERGY CHALLANGE for SERBIA? Pavel Starinsky Slovak Innovation and Energy Agency www.siea.sk pavel.starinsky@siea.gov.sk

2. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 Contents Introduction Biogas potential from Manure Heat potential from Municipal Waste Where is the Problem? Barriers (experiences from Slovakia) Conclusion

3. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 Introduction Waste generation results from the total economic activity of every country, and as such is directly correlating with the national economy. Waste, thus can be a good and inexhaustible source for energy production. The biggest advantage of using waste to produce energy is that we can “kill two birds with one stone”. Dispose of waste and produce energy from local sources which leads among other to reduction of greenhouse gases emissions in two ways.

4. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 Serbia 2009 Number of Heads* Generated manure ** (t/head/year) Generated Manure (t/year) Biogas Yield *** (m3/t) Theoretical potential of the Biogas production (m3) Cows260 30018,104 711 92328131 933 834 Pigs1 655 1001,582 615 0543899 372 051 Poultry2 350 0000,06140 9999012 689 937 Together 243 995 822 BIOGAS POTENTIAL from MANURE *source: : National Waste Management Strategy of Serbia 2009-2019 ** source: Technical and Experimental Institute of Agricultural, Rovinka –Slovakia *** source: University of Agricultural, Nitra Slovakia **** source: Presentation of Serbian Energy Policy, Ministry of Mining and Energy SERBIAN GAS PRODUCTION 193 M m³**** NATURAL GAS IMPORT 2,250 M m³****

5. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 HEAT POTENTIAL from MUNICIPAL WASTE Serbia has a population of 7 443 183 which generates approximately 2 374 374 tones municipal waste p.a. and it is assumed that in 2020 it will generate 3 375 000 (Source: National Waste Management Strategy of Serbia 2010-2019 Quantity of generated Municipal Waste, 2009 (t)* Theoretical Heat Energy potential in TJ (at calorific value 9,5-10 GJ/t) Quantity of projected generation of Municipal Waste in 2020 (t)* Theoretical Heat Energy potential in TJ (at calorific value 9,5-10 GJ/t) 2 374 37422 556 - 23 7433 375 00032 062 - 33 750

6. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 ∆ hazardous waste 11 ◦ inert waste 16 ○ non-hazardous waste 90 Landfills in Slovakia - Location Landfills in Serbia There are 164 officially registered municipal landfills in Serbia (2009) source:: National Waste Management Strategy of Serbia 2010-2019

7. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 Incineration plants Location in Slovakia ○ Cement plants ○ Rendered fats ○ Municipal waste ○ Hospital waste ○ Industrial waste Incineration plants in Serbia ?

8. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 Where is the problem ?

9. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 Barriers (experiences from Slovakia) Absence of legal definition of energy recovery from waste. Low prices for the waste disposal in landfills High investment cost for construction incineration plant or biogas plants comparing to landfills Lack of money for Waste to Energy Investment Negative attitude of general public Poor awareness about the energy recovery of waste Small yield of biogas from manure comparing to e. g. Silage Small support from government for power generated from biogas and/or biomethane produced from waste

10. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 Conclusion Government should: support energy recovery from waste by Feed-in Tariff for biomethane and power generated from biogas which was produced from biowaste. increase the fee for waste disposal in landfills formulate definition of energy recovery from waste. grant investment incentives for construction of incineration plants or biogas/biomethane plants Help to increase public awareness about cons and pros of energy recovery from waste Energy recovery from waste among others creates new jobs on local level and help to develop rural areas

11. Projekt EAST-GSR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE, Belgrade 18. 10. 2013 Pavel Starinský Slovak Innovation and Energy Agency e-mail: pavel.starinsky@siea.gov.sk www.siea. sk