1. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning SAMIRLANDER Chapter 16

2. Florida Real Estate: Principles, Practices and License Law Chapter 16 Residential Construction and Environmental Issues © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning

3. Key Terms Asbestos Casement window Corner lot Cul-de-sac lots Double-hung window Fixed window Flag lot Gable Gambrel Hip Horizontal sliding window Insulation Interior lot Key lot Lot Mansard R value T lot Underground storage tanks Urea-formaldehyde insulation

4. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Features of Exterior Construction Footing: concrete base or support under a foundation wall 1. Slab-on-grade 2. Basement 3. Crawl space

5. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Features of Exterior Construction Framing: underlying structure 1. Platform framing 2. Basement 3. Crawl space

6. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Features of Exterior Construction Each story built as a separate unit Each wall runs entire height of building

7. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Features of Exterior Construction Beams supporting the building rest on posts Note problems with framing Bulging exterior walls Sticking doors / windows Sloping floors Cracks in foundation, walls, or ceiling

8. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Features of Exterior Construction Loose-fill Blanket and batt Spayed-on Foil Rigid Foam R value: R value: resistance to heat flow

9. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Features of Exterior Construction Needed air flow Sheathing attached to studs Waterproof building paper Exterior materials

10. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Features of Exterior Construction Single Hung: Single Hung: 2 sashes, one moves Double hung Double hung: 2 sashes, both move Horizontal sliding: Horizontal sliding: moves from side to side Casement: Casement: swings outward Jalousie: Jalousie: louvers pivot Fixed: Fixed: cannot open

11. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Features of Exterior Construction Trusses: Trusses: factory assembled Rafters and joists: Rafters: sloping parallel beams Joists: horizontal parallel beams Joists Alone Post and Beam: Post and Beam: beams rest on posts or columns

12. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Construction Details Figure 16.1

13. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Mechanical Systems and Equipment Warm Air: Warm Air: blower distributes hot air Water: Water: hot water in a boiler Steam: Steam: boiler with firebox Electricity: Electricity: fuel to heat air or water

14. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Mechanical Systems and Equipment Coal Fuel oil Natural gas Electricity Solar energy

15. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Mechanical Systems and Equipment Window Air-Conditioning Units: Window Air-Conditioning Units: single room Central Air Conditioning: Central Air Conditioning: cools throughout house Heat Pumps: Heat Pumps: both heat and cool

16. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Mechanical Systems and Equipment Supply clean water Remove waste Water supply Municipal Well Private

17. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Mechanical Systems and Equipment Water heated and powered by electricity, gas, or oil Municipal sewer Septic tank Solid waste sinks Grease rises Liquid

18. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Mechanical Systems and Equipment Service entrance – meter – distribution panel Master circuit breaker Volts: Volts: force 120 – 240 Amps: Amps: amount of electricity

19. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Common Construction Terms Backfill: Backfill: soil around foundation walls Bearing Wall: Bearing Wall: bears weight Commercial Acre: Commercial Acre: area available for construction Conduit: Conduit: pipe used to protect wiring

20. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Common Construction Terms Deciduous: Deciduous: tree that loses leaves in winter Drywall: Drywall: sheetrock Elevation Drawing: Elevation Drawing: shows front and sides EER: EER: appliance energy efficiency

21. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Common Construction Terms Flashing: Flashing: sheet metal prevents water from seeping through roof Footing: Footing: concrete base or support under foundation wall Foundation: Foundation: supports 1 st floor

22. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Common Construction Terms Header: Header: support beam over doors or windows Joist: Joist: support beam in floor or ceiling Percolation Test: Percolation Test: water absorption rate of soil Septic tank

23. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Common Construction Terms Plot Plan: Plot Plan: boundaries, dimensions, and location of improvements Potable Water: Potable Water: drinkable R Value: R Value: effectiveness of insulation Rafter: Rafter: supports the roof

24. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Common Construction Terms Ridgeboard: Ridgeboard: runs length of roof at highest pointRoof Gable: Gable: slope on 2 sides Hip: Hip: slope on 4 sides Gambrel: Gambrel: 2 sections with different slopes, only 2 sides slope Mansard: Mansard: 2 sections, all 4 sides slope

25. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Common Construction Terms

26. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Common Construction Terms Sheathing: Sheathing: 1st layer outside of wall studs or roof rafters Sill: Sill: lowest member resting on foundation Soil Pipe: Soil Pipe: carries waste to main sewer line

27. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Common Construction Terms Sole Plate: Sole Plate: horizontal member to which wall studs are attached Stud: Stud: vertical support boards

28. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Additional Dictionary of Construction Terms Culvert: Culvert: drain Flashing: Flashing: metal strips Footing: Footing: concert base Knob: Knob: used in outdated electrical system Sash: Sash: holds a glass pane Shake: Shake: roofing material Figure 16.3

29. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Additional Dictionary of Construction Terms Shell: Shell: framework Shingles: Shingles: roof finishing material Slab: Slab: flat concert Slate: Slate: hard rock R in R Value: R in R Value: resistance Trusses: Trusses: factory built triangular framing units Figure 16.3

30. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Architectural Styles Figure: 16.4a

31. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Architectural Styles Figure: 16.4b

32. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Residential Lots Lot: Lot: part of a subdivision Intersection of 2 streets Interior lot at end of “T” intersection

33. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Residential Lots Lot at dead end of street with circular turnaround Deep lot with side yard that abuts rear of many other lots Looks like a flagpole

34. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Radon: colorless, odorless toxic gas that enters building from ground To discover radon gas: Contact local, state or federal agency Ask neighbors Test Disclosure Radon

35. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Formaldehyde Gas: emitted by material in household items Furniture Draperies Carpet Plywood FormaldehydeGas

36. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Urea-formaldehyde Thermal insulation found in older homes Recommend: Air tested for formaldehyde gas Consult health authority FormaldehydeGas

37. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Asbestos Was used in insulation as a fire-retardant Causes lung disease Asbestos

38. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Indications include: Ceilings / walls covered with grainy plaster Ceilings / walls sprayed with fluffy stringy material Pipes or boilers wrapped with fibrous material, cement or felt-type insulation Asbestos

39. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Lead plumbing & lead based paint Problems occur when someone Drinks water w/ lead particles Ingests flakes of lead based paint Inhales lead particles Lead

40. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Issues related to lead contamination HUD regulations Cannot connect lead plumbing to public water No assistance from HUD or VA if lead exceed EPA standards Homes built prior to 1978 with peeling paint Lead

41. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Seller/lessor must disclose presence of known lead-based paint, lead-based paint hazards, and provide available reports Lead

42. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home 10 day inspection period Disclosure in contracts and leases Lead

43. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Sellers, lessors, and real estate agents share responsibility for compliance Lead

44. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Dinking water contaminated by: Pesticides and fertilizers Leaking underground storage tanks Hazardous waste dump Mining Other sources GroundwaterContamination

45. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards To determine contamination: Contact health authority Ask neighbors Inspect for dumping, mining & other sources Keep up-to-date reports Inspect for oil, areas with no growth, & other signs GroundwaterContamination

46. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards To determine contamination: Determine previous use Inspect for signs of previous commercial use Was previous owner cited for violations? Are there underground storage tanks? GroundwaterContamination

47. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards To determine contamination: Inspect for air vents sticking out of the ground Hire an expert GroundwaterContamination

48. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Environmental disclosure statement Checklist of environmental conditions HAZARD

49. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 I nnocent landowner Due diligence investigation HAZARD

50. © 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning Environmental Hazards Requirements: Review of previous and current ownership use Review of all previous inspections, investigations litigations, etc. Evaluation of adjacent property Review of drainage, sewer & septic HAZARD