1. Psychology Chapter 1
Why study psychology

2. Objectives section 1
Identify the goals of psychology and explain how psychology is a science.

3. A Day in the Life Read page 3 for class discussion In-class assignment
Write the 18 vocabulary words on page 3
Due when timer goes off. (25 minutes)

4. What is Psychology?
Sec 1

5. Why study Psychology? To understand yourself, and others
To learn about feelings, thoughts, and stress
To learn why people behave the way they do

6. The goals of psychology
To be able to explain, predict, and control behavior
To observe and describe behavior and mental processes and to better understand them

7. What are behaviors? Actions that you can observe.
Actions you can/can not control

8. Cognitive Processes
Dreams
Perception
Thoughts
Memories

9. Emotions affect behavior and mental (cognitive) processes
Sleeplessness
Anger
Depression
A faster heart rate
Restlessness
Cause stress
Performance

10. Show me and Explain Cognitive activity and the Behavior
Trying to stay awake in the MOST BORING lecture you ever sat through.
have student pick a partner and give them a activity card to perform

11. Show me and Explain cognitive activity and a behavior
Trying to cheat off of someone’s test around you without getting seen by the teacher.

12. Show me and Explain! a behavior and cognitive activity
The person you hate the most in the school just walks in the classroom.

13. Show me ! Explain a behavior and cognitive activity
You are falsely accused of stealing.

14. Show me and Explain cognitive activity and a behavior
You see your Babe with another!!!!!

15. Teaching ways to deal with anxiety ******Visualization ******Breathing exercises
How do you cope with your anxieties?

16. Examples Performance anxiety Test anxiety Place Kicker
Last chance to win game
Misses field goal
Test anxiety
Placement test for college
Stress to score high

17. Psychology as a Natural Science
Social Sciences
History
Anthropology
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Psychology
These deal with the structure of the human society and the nature of the individuals

18. Psychology focuses on the behavior and mental processes of the individual
The working of the brain and total human body
Biology
Chemistry
Physics

19. Psychology uses the same scientific method
Conducting experiments, collection and analyzing data and drawing conclusions
Widely used research methods
Surveys- collecting data involves asking questions of a particular group
Experiments- research usually done in a lab

20. Psychological Theories
Organized ideas about behavior and mental processes
Theory
Is a statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and happen the way they do

21. Behavior (sleeping, aggression)
Psychological theories discuss principles that govern behavior and mental processes.
Such as:
Behavior (sleeping, aggression)
Mental processes ( memories, mental images)
Biological ( effect of chemicals in the brain)
These theories help psychologist predict behavior and mental processes

22. Answer the Three questions on page 6
In-class assignment
Answer the Three questions on page 6

23. What do Psychologists do?
Sec 2

24. Objective section 2
Analyze the work done by psychologists according to their areas of specialization.

25. complete the graphic organizer Handout
Break into a group of 2 You will need to know the different specializations in Psychology for your test.
complete the graphic organizer Handout
“Psychologist’ s specializations in Psychology”
This is a in-class assignment due when the timer goes off.

26. Discussion Which specializations interests you?
My specialization would be the Forensic psychologist

27. History of Psychology
Sec 3

28. Investigate the historical beginning of psychology
Objective section 3
Investigate the historical beginning of psychology

29. Roots of psychology Ancient Greece ( 428-347)
Plato Student of Socrates
Know thy self
Examine your own thoughts and feelings
Aristotle
About the mind (scientific approach)
Ancient Greece believed the Gods got mad
and punished people

30. Middle ages / Mental illness
Possession by demons
Punished for sins and making deals with the devils or witches
Test
Water float test
Float found guilty and executed
Sink and drown found to be innocence

31. Scientific approach lead to the Birth of Modern Science
Sir Isaac Newton
John Locke
1800’s first psychological labs established in Europe and the United States

32. Wilhelm Wundt Founder of Structuralism
Discovering the basic elements of conscious experience
2 separate categories
Objective- sight and taste reflect the outside world
Subjective- thoughts, emotional responses and mental images
Ex: What an apple tastes and feels like to bite it

33. William James Founder of Functionalism
Experience can not be broken down it is continuous
Wrote first Modern day Psychology Book
The Principles of Psychology
Mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment

34. Differences Structuralism Relied only on introspection
What are the elements (structures) of Psychological processes?

35. differences Functionalism
Includes behavior, observation in the laboratory and introspection
What are the purposes (functions) of behavior and mental processes?
Adaptive behavior are habits learned and maintained because they are successful
Studying leads to good grades
Learning to read and write

36. John Watson Founder of Behaviorism
Scientific study of observable behavior
unscientific to study conscious
Conscious is a private event know only to the individual.
Psychology is a science- limited to observable, measurable events which are behavior.

37. B. F. Skinner Behavior + reinforcement
Reinforcement or rewarding
Learn by being rewarded (repeat of behavior)
Used in animals and humans a like

38. The Gestalt School
Based on the idea that perceptions are more than the sums of their parts
Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to the parts
Insight is the reorganization of perceptions that enables a person to solve a problem.

41. Kenneth Clark Black Psychologist
Studied negative effect of segregation on the self esteem of African American Children
White dolls
pretty and good
Brown dolls
ugly and bad
Proved the negative effects of a racist society on the young mind of children

42. Sigmund Freud Founder of psychoanalysis
Emphasizes the importance of the unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determining human behavior
First to bring out the couch

43. continued
People are driven by hidden impulse, verbal slips and the belief that dreams represent their unconscious wishes.
Believed that the sexual and aggressive urges are more important than conscious experience in governing people’s behavior and feelings

44. Answer the Questions on page17
In-Class assignment
Answer the Questions on page17

45. Contemporary Perspectives
Section 4

46. Objective section 4
Describe the 6 main contemporary perspectives in psychology.

47. Psychological Perspectives Ways to understand… WHY WE BEHAVE THE WAY WE DO?

48. Biological Perspective
Study the influence of biology on our behavior
the influences of hormones and genes
Personality, intellect, and artistic talent
Looks for connection between events in the brain (brain cell activity) and behavior

49. Techniques Used CAT (Computed Axial Tomography)
Computer generates 3 dimensional image
PET (Position Emission Tomography)
Measures abnormal molecular cell activity

50. Evolutionary Perspective
Subject matter:
Physical traits, social behavior
Adaptive organism survive and transmit their genes to future generations.
Inherited tendencies influence people to act in certain ways

51. Cognitive Perspective
Role thoughts play in determining behavior
Rooted in Socrates (Know thy self)
Process, storage, retrieval
Short or long term memory
People’s behavior is influenced by their values, their interpretations and their choices
Remark = insult or not

52. Humanistic Perspective
Stresses man’s capacity for self-fulfillment, the importance of consciousness, self awareness and the capacity to make choices
Consciousness- the force that shapes people’s personalities
Personal experiences most important

53. Self-awareness, experience and choice permit us to “Invent ourselves”
Continued……..
Self-awareness, experience and choice permit us to “Invent ourselves”
View people basically good and helpful
Help people to get in touch with their feelings, manage their negative impulses and realize their potential

54. Psychoanalytic Perspective
Rooted in Freud’s theories
Influences of the unconscious on human behavior
People driven by the Unconscious sexual and aggressive impulse
Still feel the impact of Freud in current psychology

55. Learning Perspective Emphasizes the effect of experience on behavior
Learning is the essential factor in observing, describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling behavior

56. Social learning theory
People can change their environment or create new ones
Believe that people learn by direct experience or by observing other people

57. Socio-cultural perspective effects on human behavior and mental processes
Addresses issues of ethnicity, gender, culture and socio-economic status
These have a significant impact on human behavior and mental processes
Bilingualism
Prejudice
Ethnic differences ( physical and psychological)
Multicultural issues ( Psychotherapy and treatment)
Gender
Roles, preferences, careers, education

58. Apply the 7 perspectives to each of the following
Biological
Evolutionary
Cognitive
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Learning
Socio-cultural

59. Why does a 13 year old start smoking?
Why does an A/B student start failing and not caring about school?
Why would an athlete all of a sudden quit sports and turn gothic?

60. Why would a sophomore want to get pregnant?
Why would a popular junior girl “dump” all of her friends for a boy?
Why does someone cut themselves?

62. Answer the questions on page 21
In-Class Assignment
Answer the questions on page 21

63. Study your notes, movie sheet, and vocabulary for the test.
The End
Study your notes, movie sheet, and vocabulary for the test.