1. THE U.S. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

2. APRIL 12, 1861 Fort Sumter, SC Fort in Charleston Harbor Fort in Charleston Harbor Lincoln in a bind Lincoln in a bind Gen. P.G.T Beauregard—CSA Gen. P.G.T Beauregard—CSA Major Anderson-Union Major Anderson-Union Fort surrenders-no casualties! Fort surrenders-no casualties!

3. Call for Volunteers-Both sides predict a quick war! The South has: The South has: 1. Better Military Leaders 1. Better Military Leaders 2. Southern Sons went to West Point in greater numbers 2. Southern Sons went to West Point in greater numbers 3. Farm boys shoot better! 3. Farm boys shoot better! The North has: 1. Sheer numbers in population 2. Better and more weapons 3. Stronger industry and more miles of R.R. track

4. Harper’s Ferry

5. North: Anaconda Plan 1. Control the Mississippi River-Cut off Texas from the rest of the South 2. Blockade all Southern Ports 3. Take the war to the South—Capture Richmond, VA—The Capital

7. Battle of Bull Run/Manasses July 1861 ► Mr. McLean’s House ► Washington Visitors ► Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson ► Traffic Jam ► Mistakes

8. Lincoln’s Troubles Fires Gen. Irwin McDowell Fires Gen. Irwin McDowell Hires Gen. George McClellan Hires Gen. George McClellan Army of the Potomac Army of the Potomac Trains and waits Trains and waits Lincoln asks to “borrow the Army” Lincoln asks to “borrow the Army” Loses in the Peninsula Campaign Loses in the Peninsula Campaign South’s new heroes: General Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson and Jeb Stuart South’s new heroes: General Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson and Jeb Stuart

9. South’s New Heroes

10. Battle of Shiloh,TN April 6-7,1862 ► USA:U.S. Grant ► CSA:Albert Sidney Johnston

11. 2 nd Bull Run/Manassas August 28-29 1862 Lincoln fires McClellan! Hires Gen. John Pope Jeb Stuart Pays a visit Pope defeated!

12. Lee’s New Plan ► No more defense ► Take the War to the North ► Beliefs: 1. Win in Maryland and turn state to the South 1. Win in Maryland and turn state to the South 2. Make Washington D.C. an Island in the Confederacy 2. Make Washington D.C. an Island in the Confederacy 3. Demoralize the North 3. Demoralize the North

13. Lincoln’s Dilemma Lincoln fires Pope Lincoln fires Pope Rehires McClellan! Rehires McClellan! McClellan still over cautious McClellan still over cautious Lincoln needs a victory! Lincoln needs a victory! Wants a moral objective to the war Wants a moral objective to the war

14. Battle of Antietam/Sharpsburg Sept. 17, 1862 Lee invades Maryland by crossing the Potomac River Lee invades Maryland by crossing the Potomac River Lee’s Battle Plans Found! Lil’ Mac does nothing—asks for more men! Lee’s Battle Plans Found! Lil’ Mac does nothing—asks for more men! Three battle phases: Three battle phases: 1. Morning-Dunker Church & Cornfield 1. Morning-Dunker Church & Cornfield 2. Midday- Sunken Road 2. Midday- Sunken Road 3. Afternoon- Burnside’s Bridge 3. Afternoon- Burnside’s Bridge

15. Morning-Dunker Church/Cornfield

16. Midday-Sunken Road

17. Burnside’s Bridge

18. “He has the slows” No clear winner but south leaves the field No clear winner but south leaves the field McClellan has advantage but waits more than a week!! McClellan has advantage but waits more than a week!! Lee escapes across the Potomac River Lee escapes across the Potomac River Lincoln Fires McClellan! Lincoln Fires McClellan! Single bloodiest day in United States history Single bloodiest day in United States history 23,000 Killed or Wounded 23,000 Killed or Wounded

19. Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln needed a victory Lincoln needed a victory “…all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” Border States could still keep slaves Reality Emancipation Proclamation freed no slaves! But gave moral cause to the war.

20. Battle of Fredericksburg December 11-15 1862 Lincoln fires McClellan!! Lincoln hires Gen. Ambrose Burnside Lee controls Marye’s Heights Series of Union attacks all unsuccessful Men know they will die “Northern Lights “ “Angel of Marye’s Heights”

21. Battle of Chancellorsville April 30-May 6 1863 ► Lincoln fires Burnsides! ► Lincoln hires “Fightin’ Joe Hooker” ► 138,000 Union forces ► Lee has about half as many ► Stonewall Jackson makes a “grand manuever” ► Stonewall accidently shot by own troops

22. Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3 1863 Lee moves north again to put fear in the orth and hopefully end the war. Lee moves north again to put fear in the orth and hopefully end the war. Lincoln fires Hooker hires Gen. George Meade Lincoln fires Hooker hires Gen. George Meade Shoes? Gen. Buford’s Delay Shoes? Gen. Buford’s Delay Chamberlain’s Pinwheel Charge Chamberlain’s Pinwheel Charge Pickett’s Charge Pickett’s Charge Pvt. Elias Durfee fought at Little Round Top with Col. Joshua Chamberlain of the 20 th Maine Pvt. Elias Durfee fought at Little Round Top with Col. Joshua Chamberlain of the 20 th Maine 43,000 Killed, wounded or missing—25,000 from the south— will never recover 43,000 Killed, wounded or missing—25,000 from the south— will never recover Gettysburg is the turning point of the war! Gettysburg is the turning point of the war!

23. First Day-”save the high ground” Gen. Buford

24. 2 nd Day- Chamberlain saves the Union Army

25. Little Round Top

26. Devil’s Den

27. Day 3—Picket’s Charge

28. “Attack the Center, where they are weak” Robert E. Lee

29. Civil War in the West Control the Mississippi Control the Mississippi Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant Wins at Ft. Donnelson & Fort Henry—No Terms! “Unconditional Surrender!” Wins at Ft. Donnelson & Fort Henry—No Terms! “Unconditional Surrender!” Battle of Shiloh Church April 6-7 1862 Battle of Shiloh Church April 6-7 1862 High casualties Grant almost loses—temporarily relieved of command High casualties Grant almost loses—temporarily relieved of command Admiral David Farragut (Union Navy) captures New Orleans and Baton Rouge (spring of 1862) Grant lays siege of Vicksburg, MS (May 1963 - July 4 th, 1863 Cuts off food and supplies 30,000 Confederates surrender

30. “He Fights” Not thought of highly Not thought of highly Drinks too much Drinks too much Has enemies in Congress and Army Has enemies in Congress and Army Undercover officer sent to dig up dirt in order to get Grant fired Undercover officer sent to dig up dirt in order to get Grant fired Lincoln “find out what he drinks and send a case to all my generals—he fights! Lincoln “find out what he drinks and send a case to all my generals—he fights!

31. Gettysburg Address November 19 1863 National Cemetery Dedication National Cemetery Dedication Didn’t want Lincoln invited—after thought Didn’t want Lincoln invited—after thought Edward Everett spoke almost 2 hours-”top that” Edward Everett spoke almost 2 hours-”top that” One of America’s top 3 speeches only 3 minutes long One of America’s top 3 speeches only 3 minutes long Biblical connection to speech Biblical connection to speech

32. The Gettysburg Address Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. “

33. VICKSBURG Grant’s army sails up the Mississippi River and continuously bombards Vicksburg. Grant’s army sails up the Mississippi River and continuously bombards Vicksburg. Day and night bombs flew into city- demoralizing town and citizens Day and night bombs flew into city- demoralizing town and citizens No supplies in or out to help people survive. No supplies in or out to help people survive. CONTROL OF RIVER- SPLITS SOUTH IN HALF! CONTROL OF RIVER- SPLITS SOUTH IN HALF!

34. Grant Now in Charge Grant replaces Meade now in command of all Union Armies Grant replaces Meade now in command of all Union Armies New strategy—”Total War” New strategy—”Total War” Grant has more men, weapons, supplies, transportation Grant has more men, weapons, supplies, transportation South will never recover from Gettysburg & Vicksburg South will never recover from Gettysburg & Vicksburg Must now fight a desperate defensive war Must now fight a desperate defensive war Cannot replace men, weapons, supplies and transportation Cannot replace men, weapons, supplies and transportation

35. Grant, “The Butcher” The Wilderness The Wilderness Battle of Cold Harbor Battle of Cold Harbor 7000 KIAs in only 2 hours! 7000 KIAs in only 2 hours! Lee digs in Lee digs in Grant lays siege at Petersburg Grant lays siege at Petersburg “I can replace soldiers, Lee cannot” “I can replace soldiers, Lee cannot”

36. War in the West 1864 Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman Tennessee to Atlanta Tennessee to Atlanta Victory helped Lincoln win re-election Victory helped Lincoln win re-election Sherman’s neckties Sherman’s neckties

37. Sherman’s March to the Sea “Make Georgia howl!” “Make Georgia howl!” 60,000 men, 60 miles wide 60,000 men, 60 miles wide Total War! Total War! Break the South’s will to fight Break the South’s will to fight Can do this anywhere Can do this anywhere Savannah, GA Dec. 10, 1864 Savannah, GA Dec. 10, 1864 “Merry Christmas Mr. President “Merry Christmas Mr. President

38. Appomattox Court House Lee makes contact Lee makes contact April 9 th, 1865 April 9 th, 1865 Farm house Farm house Reminisce Reminisce Lee asks for terms Lee asks for terms Grant allows for horses and sidearms Grant allows for horses and sidearms Gives food—time to replant Gives food—time to replant

39. McLean’s House Moved far away from Manassas Moved far away from Manassas House used for the surrender House used for the surrender “the war began in my front yard, and ended in my front parlor” “the war began in my front yard, and ended in my front parlor”

40. The Price in Blood! Casualties in the Civil War At least 618,000 Americans died in the Civil War, and some experts say the toll reached 700,000. The number that is most often quoted is 620,000. At any rate, these casualties exceed the nation's loss in all its other wars, from the Revolution through Vietnam. The Union armies had from 2,500,000 to 2,750,000 men. Their losses, by the best estimates: At least 618,000 Americans died in the Civil War, and some experts say the toll reached 700,000. The number that is most often quoted is 620,000. At any rate, these casualties exceed the nation's loss in all its other wars, from the Revolution through Vietnam. The Union armies had from 2,500,000 to 2,750,000 men. Their losses, by the best estimates: Battle deaths:110,070 Disease, etc.:250,152 Total 360,222 Battle deaths:110,070 Disease, etc.:250,152 Total 360,222 The Confederate strength, known less accurately because of missing records, was from 750,000 to 1,250,000. Its estimated losses: The Confederate strength, known less accurately because of missing records, was from 750,000 to 1,250,000. Its estimated losses: Battle deaths: 94,000 Disease, etc.:164,000 Total258,000 Battle deaths: 94,000 Disease, etc.:164,000 Total258,000

41. Medical Treatment during the Civil War New weapons + old strategies=terrible wounds New weapons + old strategies=terrible wounds Amputation most common treatment Amputation most common treatment Infections kills more than bullets Infections kills more than bullets Disease is rampant Disease is rampant Clara Barton Clara Barton

42. Home front Women doing more on the farms and factories Women doing more on the farms and factories Copperheads Copperheads Draft and New York Draft riot Draft and New York Draft riot Habeas Corpus Habeas Corpus

43. African-Americans in the Civil War Early opposition Early opposition Contraband in the South Contraband in the South 54 th Massachusetts 54 th Massachusetts 186,000 served in the Union Army 186,000 served in the Union Army 50,000 served in the Confederate Army 50,000 served in the Confederate Army

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