2. CBRN THREAT BRIEF
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Prepared by:

3. ADMINISTRATIVE Safety Requirements: None Risk Assessment: Low
Environmental Considerations: No major environmental impact, training entirely of a classroom nature with no major impact on the environment, equipment, or personnel.
Evaluation: None

4. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Action: Identify the current threat environment and situations that U.S. Troops face today.
Conditions: Given an instructor led discussion in a classroom environment.
Standards: Identified the current threat
Environment and situations that U.S. Troops face today to include;

5. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Identified locations of possible deployments or conflicts with enemies of the United States.
Identified possible enemies with NBC capabilities
Identified the different types of Chemical and Biological Agents

6. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Identified Protective measures
Supervise unit for Nuclear attack
Supervise unit for Biological attack
Supervise unit for Chemical attack

7. How did this happen?

8. Russia Formerly the Soviet Union and head of the WARSAW PACT
Sold weapons during the “cold war” to nations now having ties to terrorists
Conditions so bad WMD’s found missing or for sale by soldiers on the black market

9. The Spread of Chemical Weapons
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10. The Spread of
Chemical Weapons
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11. The Spread of Chemical Weapons
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12. The Results China North Korea Iran 2000+ Nukes, Advanced Chemical
Program Claims Limited Bio Program
Possible 2-10 Nukes, Claims 200,
5000 Tons of Nerve, Blister, and Blood agents, Limited Bio Program, anthrax, plague, or yellow fever.
Small Nuke power program, no known weapons, Limited Bio program,
small chemical stockpile from Iran-Iraqi war

13. The Results Syria Sudan Russia No Nuke program Limited Bio Program
Chemical arsenal includes VX gas and Sarin
Dumping ground for other countries, No Nukes or Bio.
Limited Chemical Program
Large modern Nuke program, Surviving Bio program Continues, Worlds largest stockpile of Chemical Weapons

14. Summary/Check on Learning
What was the major incident that propagated the spread of WMD?
What are some countries that pose a major concern that posses WMD?
The ending of the cold war and breakup of the Soviet Union
China, North Korea, Iran, Syria, Russia, Sudan

15. Chemical VS Biological
Chemical agents are typically manmade through the use of industrial chemical processes.
Biological agents are either replicating agents (bacteria or viruses) or non replicating materials (toxins) that can be produced by living organisms.

16. CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS
BLOOD
HYDROGEN CYANIDE
CHOKING
CLORINE, PHOSGENE
BLISTER
MUSTARD, LEWISITE
CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS CAN BE CLASSIFIED BY THEIR EFFECTS ON THE BODY. THESE AGENTS ARE BLOOD, CHOKING, BLISTER, AND NERVE.
BLOOD AGENTS INTERFERE WITH THE TRANSFER OF OXYGEN, SUFFOCATING THE VICTIM. HYDROGEN CYANIDE IS A BLOOD AGENT WHICH KILLS QUICKLY AND DISSIPATES QUICKLY.
CHOKING AGENTS DAMAGE THE LUNGS. BLISTER AGENTS CAUSE PAINFUL BLISTERS ON THE SKIN AND ARE ESPECIALLY DAMAGING WHEN INHALED. NERVE AGENTS ATTACK THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, CAUSING DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING, NAUSEA, DIM VISION, CONVULSIONS, AND DEATH.
CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS CAN BE PERSISTENT OR NON-PERSISTENT. THE EFFECTS OF PERSISTENT AGENTS, SUCH AS MUSTARD OR VX, MAY LAST DAYS OR WEEKS. HYDROGEN CYANIDE AND SARIN ARE NON-PERSISTENT AGENTS. FOR EXAMPLE, SARIN EVAPORATES AT ABOUT THE SAME RATE AS WATER.
SOME INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS ARE ALSO PROVEN CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS. THESE CHEMICALS, , LIKE HYDROGEN CYANIDE AND PHOSGENE, ARE PRODUCED IN INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PLANTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. (3/CHAP 2)
NERVE
NEW AGENTS
SARIN, VX
NOVICHOK

17. CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS
Advantages
Easy to produce with dual use technology
Simple “homemade” agents available to terrorists, i.e. Sarin
Easy to use on multiple targets and different delivery systems.

18. BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS
BACTERIA
TOXINS
Anthrax
Tularemia
Botulinum
Plague
Saxitoxin
Q-Fever
Mycotoxin
VIRUSES
SEB
VEE fever
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE, OR BW, IS THE USE OF PATHOGENS OR TOXINS AS WEAPONS. PATHOGENS INCLUDE BACTERIA AND VIRUSES WHICH CAUSE DISEASES SUCH AS ANTHRAX, CHOLERA, AND PLAGUE. PATHOGENS AS WEAPONS WOULD BE USED AGAINST STRATEGIC TARGETS SUCH AS FOOD SUPPLIES, TROOP CONCENTRATIONS, AND POPULATION CENTERS TO CREATE PANIC AND DISRUPT MOBILIZATION PLANS.
TOXINS ARE POISONS PRODUCED BY PATHOGENS, AND BY SNAKES, SPIDERS, SEA CREATURES AND PLANTS. BW RESEARCHERS CAN NOW PRODUCE SOME TOXINS THROUGH CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR THROUGH GENETIC ENGINEERING. TOXINS ARE FASTER ACTING AND MORE STABLE THAN LIVE PATHOGENS AND COULD BE USED AGAINST TACTICAL TARGETS.
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS INCLUDE ANTHRAX, PLAGUE, CHOLERA, SMALLPOX, TULAREMIA, Q FEVER, RICIN, AND BOTULINUM TOXIN. (9/70)
BW STATES HIDE THEIR PROGRAMS UNDER THE GUISE OF LEGITIMATE MEDICAL RESEARCH. THERE IS LITTLE TO DISTINGUISH A VACCINE OR PHARMACEUTICAL PLANT FROM A BW FACILITY. BW PRODUCTION DOES NOT REQUIRE SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT, NOR DO THREAT STATES NEED TO KEEP STOCKPILES OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS. THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY, THEY CAN QUICKLY PRODUCE THE QUANTITIES OF BW AGENT NEEDED FROM SMALL CULTURES. (2/A-3,4)
Snake,
spider,
etc.
Yellow fever
Smallpox
Hemorrhagic
fever viruses

19. Biological Warfare Agents
Advantages:
No reliable detection devices available
No recognizable signals to human exposure
Can specifically target personnel, crops, livestock or specific kinds of material.
Disadvantages:
Ultimate consequences uncertain
Potential for international outrage

20. Nonlethal Agents Riot Control Agents: Tear Gas Agents: CS, CN
Vomiting Agents: Adamsite, Diphenyl Chloroarsine
Incapacitants: Psychochemicals: LSD, BZ

21. Delivery Means NBC Delivery Systems: (1). Missiles (2). Rockets
  (3). Bombs
  (4). Artillery
  (5). Mines
  (6). Remote piloted vehicles
  (7). Sprayers

22. Summary/Check on Learning
What is the difference between chemical and biological agents?
What are some chemical warfare agents?
What are some delivery systems?
Chemical agents are manmade, biological agents can be produced by living organisms
Blood, Choking, Blister, Nerve
Missiles, Rockets, Bombs, Artillery, Mines, RPV’s, Sprayers

23. Conventional NBC Targets
Large numbers of Troops or military vehicles.
Bridges and highways.
Large fixed sites such as Airfields

24. Non-Conventional NBC Targets
Targets Include:
Agriculture
Livestock
Water supplies

25. Summary/Check on Learning
What are some conventional targets?
What are some non-conventional targets?
Troops, vehicles, bridges, highways
Agriculture, livestock, water supplies

26. ADVISE COMMANDER ON NBC THREAT

27. ADVISE COMMANDER ON NBC THREAT
Estimate the unit's vulnerability to the NBC threat
Analyze the enemy's position and capabilities on the battlefield
Advise on the appropriate protective measures and MOPP level

28. ADVISE COMMANDER ON NUCLEAR THREAT
First strike policy
Methods of employment and delivery
Targets of threat tactical nuclear strikes

29. ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT
Advise on the use of biological weapons:
The United States will not use biological agents under any circumstances

30. ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT
Methods of employment and delivery:
Airdropped packets Rockets Artillery
Aircraft sprayers Saboteurs
Mines Infected insects and rodents

31. ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT
Targets of threat biological weapons:
Food supplies
Water sources
Troop concentrations and convoys
Population centers

32. ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT
Types of threat biological weapons:
Pathogens- Pathogens suitable for wartime use include bacteria. Viruses, rickettsia and fungi.
Toxins- Toxins suitable for wartime use include botulism, tetanus and diphtheria.

33. ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT
Advise on the use of chemical weapons:
US Armed forces will not use lethal or incapacitating chemical agents.

34. ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT
Methods of employment and delivery:
Fixed-wing and rotary wing aircraft
Rockets
Surface-to-surface missiles
Artillery
Landmines

35. ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT
Targets of threat chemical attacks:
Enemy positions in the forward battle area
Enemy defenses and their flanks
Nuclear delivery systems
Headquarters
Airfields
Artillery position

36. ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT
Types of threat chemical agents:
Nerve
Choking
Blister
Blood
Incapacitating Agents

37. ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE
Advise on the use of smoke:
Used to attack and defeat specific enemy targets, sensors, target acquisition systems, weapon guidance systems, and other electro-optical devices.

38. ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE
Means of employment and delivery:
Smoke Grenades
Smoke Pots
Smoke Generators
Projected Smoke
Vehicle engine exhaust smoke system (VEESS)

39. ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE
Smoke screens used by the threat:
Blinding Smoke
Camouflage Smoke
Protective Smoke
Decoy Smoke
Signaling

40. ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME
Advise on the use of flame:
The use of weapons that employ fire, such as tracer ammunition, flamethrowers and other incendiary agents, against targets requiring their use is not a violation of international law.

41. ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME
Means of employment and delivery:
Rocket Launchers
Incendiary grenades
Flame Field Expedience

42. ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME
Types of flame weapons:
Rocket propelled napalm projectile
Man-packed rifle type light flamethrower
Cart-mounted heavy flamethrower
Tank-mounted flamethrower

43. ADVISE COMMANDER ON THREAT NBC DEFENSE
Reconnaissance assets
Protective equipment
Decontamination capabilities

44. CHECK ON LEARNING What are the types of threat Biological Weapons?
Pathogens and Toxins
What are the means of employment and delivery for the use of flame?
Rockets, Incendiary Grenades, Flame Field Expedients

45. SUPERVISE UNIT PREPARATION FOR NBC ATTACK

46. INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION NUCLEAR
- Ensure personnel are in shelters.
- Ensure personnel cover all exposed skin.

47. POSITION NUCLEAR - Ensure terrain is used effectively.
- Ensure shelter provides the best protection.

48. MATERIAL NUCLEAR
- Ensure supplies, equipment and vehicles are dispersed.
- Ensure existing cover provides protection and park vans opposite of prevailing winds.
- Keep flammable debris to a minimum.
- Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered.
- Disconnect all power cables.
- Store all electronics not in use.

49. UNIT NUCLEAR
- ENSURE OPERATORS OF NUCLEAR DETECTION EQUIPMENT PREPARE THE EQUIPMENT FOR USE.

50. CHECK ON LEARNING Prior to a suspected nuclear attack, what
steps would you complete to protect your
water and food supplies?
Ensure all food and water are sealed
tightly in containers and secured under
available covered.

51. INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION BIO
- Coordinate with medical personnel.
- Ensure personnel practice good hygiene and field sanitation.
- Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition.
- Button up and cover exposed skin.
- Check protective mask and individual equipment.
- Coordinate with supply personnel.

52. POSITION BIO Ensure terrain is used effectively.
Ensure the shelter provides the best protection.

53. MATERIAL BIO - Ensure equipment and supplies not used are covered.
- Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered.
- Ensure equipment and supplies not used are covered.
- Ensure vans are parked opposite of prevailing winds.

54. UNIT BIO
- Ensure operators of biological sampling kits are ready and Chemical detectors are prepared for use.

55. CHECK ON LEARNING What type of shelter provides the best
protection from the effects of a Biological
agent attack?
Covered foxholes, Field expedient cover, buildings, tents and armored vehicles

56. INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION CHEMICAL
- Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition.
- Check protective equipment.
- Assume appropriate MOPP level.
- Ensure individuals seek overhead cover.
- Ensure antidotes and decontamination kits are available.

57. POSITION CHEM - Ensure terrain is used effectively.
- Ensure shelter provides the best protection.

58. MATERIAL CHEM
Ensure all equipment, supplies and vehicles are dispersed.
Ensure vans are parked opposite of prevailing winds.
- Keep all food and water sealed and covered.

59. UNIT CHEM
- Ensure Chemical detection equipment is prepared for operation.

60. CHECK ON LEARNING
What do you need to ensure for individual protection for a chemical attack?
Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition, check protective equipment for serviceability, assume appropriate MOPP level, seek overhead cover and ensure decon and antidote kits are available.

61. SUMMARY