1. The American Pageant Chapter 13 The Rise of a Mass Democracy, 1824-1840 Cover Slide Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

2. Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk Although they were greatly outnumbered, Texas forces held off a siege at the Alamo by the Mexican army under Antonio López de Santa Anna. The old mission's walls were eventually breached, however, and the Texans were overcome in hand-to-hand fighting. This painting is an artist's conception of the last moments of battle, before the remaining Texans were finally defeated. (Friends of the Governor's Mansion) Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

3. John Quincy Adams by Thomas Sully, 1825 John Quincy Adams (1767–1848), architect of the Monroe Doctrine, was secretary of state from 1817 to 1825. Thomas Sully's portrait, painted in 1825, captured Adam's determination and stubbornness. (New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Philipse Manor Hall State Historic Site) John Quincy Adams by Thomas Sully, 1825 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

4. San Jacinto Battle Flag, 1836 Texans believed that their war for independence paralleled the Revolutionary War. The lady of liberty on this banner, carried by Texans in 1836, brings to mind similar images that stirred patriots during the American Revolution. (Archives Division, Texas State Library) San Jacinto Battle Flag, 1836 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

5. Stephen Austin by Brand Shown here with his trusty dog and gun, Stephen F. Austin leans against a tree and considers the vast domain granted to him by the Spanish government. Austin was one of the leading landowners in Texas, as well as a leader of the Texas Revolution. (Archives Division, Texas State Library) Stephen Austin by Brand Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

6. The Krimmel Family, by John Lewis Krimmel, c. 1815 John Lewis Krimmel painted this portrait of himself and his sister-in-law and her children around 1812. It shows a prosperous middle-class Philadelphia German family that had been in the United States around five years. The dress and home of the Krimmel children stand in sharp contrast to the homeless and orphaned children of New York City. (The Warner Collection of Gulf States Paper Corporation, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Photo courtesy of the Schwarz Gallery, Philadelphia.) The Krimmel Family, by John Lewis Krimmel, c. 1815 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

7. Map: Major Battles of the Texas Revolution, 1835-1836 Major Battles of the Texas Revolution, 1835-1836 Sam Houston's victory at San Jacinto was the decisive action of the war and avenged the massacres at the Alamo and Goliad. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

8. Map: Presidential Election, 1824 Presidential Election, 1824 Andrew Jackson led in both electoral and popular votes but failed to win a majority of electoral college votes. The House elected John Quincy Adams president. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9. Map: Presidential Election, 1828 Presidential Election, 1828 Andrew Jackson avenged his 1824 loss of the presidency, sweeping the election in 1828. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

10. Map: Texas Revolution Texas Revolution This map shows troop movements and the major battles in the Texas Revolution, as well as the conflicting boundary claims made by Texans and the Mexican government. The Battle of San Jacinto and the Treaty of Velasco ended the war, but the conflicting land claims continued when Mexico repudiated the treaty. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.