2. Acids and Bases pH 7 taste sourtaste bitter react w /basesreact w /acids proton (H 1+ ) donorproton (H 1+ ) acceptor turn litmus redturn litmus blue lots of H 1+ /H 3 O 1+ lots of OH 1– react w /metalsdon’t react w /metals Both are electrolytes.

3. Acid vs. Base Acid pH > 7 bitter taste does not react with metals pH < 7 sour taste react with metals Alike Different Related to H + (proton) concentration pH + pOH = 14 Affects pH and litmus paper Base Different Topic

4. Properties electrolytes turn litmus red sour taste react with metals to form H 2 gas slippery feel turn litmus blue bitter taste ChemASAP vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda electrolytes

5. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved. Acid Sour taste Turns blue litmus red Reacts with some metals to produce H 2 Dissolves carbonate salts, releasing CO 2 Base Bitter taste Turns red litmus blue Slippery to the touch

6. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

7. Common Acids and Bases Strong Acids (strong electrolytes) HClhydrochloric acid HNO 3 nitric acid HClO 4 perchloric acid H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid Weak Acids (weak electrolytes) CH 3 COOHacetic acid H 2 CO 3 carbonic Strong Bases (strong electrolytes) NaOH sodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 calcium hydroxide Weak Base (weak electrolyte) NH 3 ammonia Kotz, Purcell, Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity 1991, page 145 Weak Base (weak electrolyte) NH 4 OH ammonia NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 OH

8. Salt Acid + Base  Salt + Water Orange juice + milk  bad taste Evergreen shrub + concrete  dead bush Under a pine tree + fertilizer  white powder HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH salt water

9. Acid-Base Neutralization 1+ 1- ++ Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion H3O+H3O+ OH - Water H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584

10. Acid-Base Neutralization 1+ 1- ++ Hydronium ion Hydroxide ionWater H3O+H3O+ OH - H2OH2O Water H2OH2O Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584