1. By Road, By Rail, By River Jayne Marley OKAGE TC Yukon, OK jayne.marley@yukonps.com

2. Essential Question What is the economic advantage of efficient transportation?

3. Lesson Overview Economic decisions for four centuries have been based on how quickly a product can get to market. Transportation evolved to keep up with market demands. Trails became national roads, river and sea-going transportation increased in size to take on larger and more specialized loads, and rivers themselves underwent transformation into canal systems connecting larger bodies of water with inland ports. Finally, long distance overland transportation became possible with the production of iron and development of the steam engine.

4. National Geography Standards from Geography for Life Geography Elements and Standards: Places and Regions Standard 4: The physical and human characteristics of places

5. Oklahoma Academic Standards: Grade 8: U.S. History High School: Oklahoma History and Government, U.S. History Literacy Skills Standard 1: The student will develop and demonstrate Common Core Social Studies reading literacy skills. A. Key Ideas and Details 1.Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.

6. C. Integration of Knowledge and Ideas 7. Integrate visual information (e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other information in print and digital texts. 9.Analyze the relationship between a primary and secondary source on the same topic.

7. Grade 8: U.S. History Content Standard 4: The student will examine the political, economic, social, and geographic transformation of the United States during the early to mid-1800s. – 3. Cite specific textual and visual evidence to compare the sectional economic transformations including the concentration of population, manufacturing, shipping, and the development of the railroad system in the North as contrasted to the plantation system, the increased demand for cotton brought about by the invention of the cotton gin, and the reliance on a slave labor system in the South.

8. Oklahoma History and Government Content Standard 1: The student will describe the state’s geography and the historic foundations laid by Native American, European, and American cultures. – 1. Integrate visual information to identify and describe the significant physical and human features including major trails, railway lines, waterways, cities, ecological regions, natural resources, highways, and landforms.

9. High School U.S. History Content Standard 1: The student will analyze the transformation of the United States through its civil rights struggles, immigrant experiences, settlement of the American West, and the industrialization of American society in the Post-Reconstruction through the Progressive Eras, 1865 to 1900. – 3. Evaluate the impact of industrialization on the transformation of American society, economy, and politics.

10. Geographic Themes: Region and Movement Objectives: The student will analyze primary and secondary source material. The student will argue a point of view.

11. Transportation Role Cards

12. 8 th grade U.S. History Hemp bales from Virginia to Maine seaboard (1800) Bagged rice from the Georgetown, SC to Richmond, VA (1860) 50-400 lb. cotton bales from Davis Bend, MI to Lowell, MA (1828) Ohio, Indiana, Illinois sending grain to New York harbor (1845) Cooper in Rochester, NY sending barrels to Yonkers, NJ (1837)

13. High School U.S. History Wheat from Lincoln, Nebraska to Bangor, Maine (1867) Broomcorn from Greenfield, Massachusetts to Council Bluffs, Iowa (1880) Steel wire nails from Covington, KY to San Francisco, CA (1877) Kerosene from New York City, NY to Garden City, KS (1860) Beef from Abilene, KS to Chicago, IL (1872)

14. Oklahoma History and Government Weyerhaeuser – trees from forest to sawmill and paper mill in Valliant, OK, and pulp mill in Pine Bluff Arkansas. Seaboard-processed pork from Guymon, Oklahoma, to Japan and Mexico. Aviation parts from Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Lockheed-Martin in Greenville, SC Coal from Farrell-Cooper Mining Company, Stigler, OK and South Central Coal Company, Spiro, OK to 2 coal-fired electric plants near Muskogee, OK and Redbird, OK and excess to the Port of Catoosa or Port of Muskogee. Fertilizer sold for delivery in tonnage by Farmers’ Cooperatives to cooperatives in Iowa. Unit Rig (1988) in Tulsa ships mining dump trucks to copper mines in Chile. *Chesapeake, Devon, and Sandridge executives address the Federal Environmental Protection Agency asking for considerations to begin on regulations on emissions of LNG locomotives and separate refrigerated tender cars for the fuel.