1. Development of the Envelope Criteria Merle McBride, Ph.D., P.E Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Representative At Large Orlando, FL February 7, 2005

2. Agenda - Objective - Problem Statement - Background - Approach - Analysis - Results - Conclusions - Recommendations - Q & A

3. Objective Develop prescriptive criteria that will result in a 30% energy savings relative to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999.

4. Problem Statement Include in Analysis: - Envelope - HVAC - O.A. Damper Controls - SWH - Interior Lighting Exclude from Analysis: - Exterior Lighting - Plug Loads (Office Equip. & Appliances)

5. Background 90.1 Development LCC Economics Classes of Construction Base Energy Usage –Climate Zones –Constructions –Size

6. Classes of Construction Roofs –Ins. Above Deck –Metal Building –Attic and Other Walls, Above Grade –Mass –Metal Building –Steel Framed –Wood Framed & Other Floors –Mass –Steel Joist –Wood Framed & Other Walls, Below Grade Slab –On-Grade –Unheated –Heated Opaque Doors –Swinging –Non-Swinging Fenestration (U, SHGC) –10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% Skylights (3% max.) –Curb, Glass –Curb, Plastic –No Curb

8. 8 Climate Zones, 15 Cities

9. 15 Cities

10. 90.1-2004 and SP102 8 Climate Zones, Counties Map

11. Approach Floor Area5,000 ft 2 20,000 ft 2 No. StoriesOneTwo RoofWood FramedIns. Above Deck WallsWood FramedMass FoundationUnheated SlabUnheated Slab WWR20% & 40%30% & 40%

12. Analysis Couple economics and energy savings Design of Experiment (DOE) Simplified Energy Regression Models –Heating, Cooling, SWH, Fans, AUX Iterative Solution Technique –30% Energy Savings by Climate Zone Merge 5,000 ft 2 and 20,000 ft 2

13. LCC Economics INCREMENTAL ENERGY SAVINGS > INCREMENTAL FIRST COSTS (1) HEATING + COOLING > INCREMENTAL FIRST COSTS (2) (U 1 –U 2 )*Hcoef*HDD65*P h *SR + (U 1 –U 2 )*Ccoef1*CDD50*P c *SR > FC 2 –FC 1 (3) Hcoef*HDD65*P h *SR + Ccoef1*CDD50*P c *SR > (FC 2 –FC 1 ) (4) (U 1 –U 2 ) (FC 2 –FC 1 ) = ΔFC/ΔU(5) (U 1 –U 2 ) [Hcoef*HDD65*P h + Ccoef1*CDD50*P c ]*SR > ΔFC/ΔU (6)

14. dFC/dU

15. Design of Experiment 5,000 ft2

16. DOE-2 Simulations

17. Heating Regression Equation HEATING = UoAo*24*HDD65/(AFUE*CF) + 1.08*ACH*VOLUME*24*HDD65/(AFUE*CF) - WALLg*WWR*(N.Area-%)*SHGCn*PFn*SOLARn*%HEAT/CF - WALLg*WWR*(E.Area-%)*SHGCe*PFe*SOLARe*%HEAT/CF - WALLg*WWR*(S.Area-%)*SHGCs*PFs*SOLARs*%HEAT/CF - WALLg*WWR*(W.Area-%)*SHGCw*PFw*SOLARw*%HEAT/CF - (Lighting + Plugs + Fans)*%HEAT - People*Sensible*55hr.wk*52wk/yr*%HEAT/CF %HEAT = HDD65/(HDD65+CDD50) where:

18. Heating 5,000 ft2

19. Cooling Regression Equation COOLING = UoAo*24*CDD50/(EFF*CF) + 1.08*ACH*VOLUME*24*CDD50/(EFF*CF) + WALLg*WWR*(N.Area-%)*SHGCn*PFn*SOLARn*(1 - %HEAT)/CF + WALLg*WWR*(E.Area-%)*SHGCe*PFe*SOLARe*(1 - %HEAT)/CF + WALLg*WWR*(S.Area-%)*SHGCs*PFs*SOLARs*(1 – %HEAT)/CF + WALLg*WWR*(W.Area-%)*SHGCw*PFw*SOLARw*(1 – %HEAT)/CF + (Lighting + Plugs + Fans)*(1 – %HEAT) + People*Sensible*55hr.wk*52wk/yr*(1 – %HEAT)/CF

20. Cooling 5,000 ft2

21. Fans FANS = INTERCEPT + (HDD65 + CDD50) + WWR + Ufen + PF + Ufen*WWR + Ufen*PF + (HDD65 + CDD50)*Ufen*PF*WWR

22. Fans 5,000 ft2

23. O.A. Damper Energy Savings 5,000 ft2 and 20,000 ft2

24. AUX 5,000 ft2

25. SWH 5,000 ft2

27. Regression Model Statistics

30. Scalar Ratio for 30% Savings Bin City 5,000ft 2 20,000ft 2 Criteria 1Miami 10 810 2Houston 12 812 3Memphis 12-20-22 12-18-22 14 4Albuquerque 10 14-1814 5Boise 10-14 814 6Helena 12-16 812 7Duluth14 1014 8Fairbanks 12-20-26 1020

31. Results - Tables of Prescriptive Criteria for 8 Climate Zones - Same Format as 90.1 - Roof – Surface reflectance/emittance (0.65 initial/0.86) - WWR – 20% to 40% max. - SHGC – North has separate criteria - Window Orientation – (Zones 1-5) - (A n *SHGC n + A s *SHGC s ) > (A e *SHGC e + A w *SHGC w ) - Exterior Sun Control – Projection Factors (Zones 1-5) - How-To-Use (EN1- to EN-42) - Appendix A (R-values and U-factors)

32. Conclusions - Collaborative Effort - Multiple Organizations - Many Individuals - Challenging - Rewarding

33. Recommendations Encourage Participation in Future Projects Accept the Challenge

34. Acknowledgements SP102 Members Bing Liu - PNNL Leonard Suharli - OC Doug Walden - OC