1. An Age of Exploration

2. Early Trade Routes
Europeans traded with Asia via water and land routes
Ports at Venice & Constantinople in the Mediterranean Sea
The Silk Road
Marco Polo’s Travels made Europeans believe that China possessed unimaginable riches
Quicker trade routes must be discovered to obtain these items and bring them to the European people

3. The Search for New Trade Routes
Prince Henry the Navigator
Portugal
Opened a Navigation school in 1418
Bartholomew Diaz
Portugal
Sailed to Africa’s Cape of Good Hope

4. The Search for New Trade Routes
Christopher Columbus (1492)
Italian navigator sailing for Spain
Searching for a faster route to China and the East Indies
Had attempted to gain funding for his expedition from the monarchs of France, Portugal and England

6. The Search for New Trade Routes
John Cabot
An Italian navigator sailing for England

7. The Search for New Trade Routes
Vasco da Gama
Was from and sailed for Portugal
First to round Africa’s Cape of Good Hope

8. The Search for New Trade Routes
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian navigator sailed for both Spain & Portugal
Explored South America, believing it to be Asia
Later, along with information from Columbus’ voyages, he determined that the lands he (and Columbus) had explored were actually a New World
In 1507, German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller created the first map with the New World on it, and he called it America in honor of Vespucci

9. The Search for New Trade Routes
Ferdinand Magellan
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10. The Search for New Trade Routes
Giovanni Verrazano
Italian navigator sailing for King Francis I of France

11. Spanish Exploration of the New World
Motivation for Spanish exploration:
The 3 G’s
Gold
Spanish were looking for gold, silver, jewels
God
Spread Christianity to all Native Americans (whom they believed were “God-less”
Glory
Wanted the fame to go along with the fortune

12. Spanish Exploration of the New World
Juan Ponce de Leon
Sailed on Columbus’ 2nd expedition
Was appointed Governor of Dominican province of Higuey & granted permission to explore
Discovered Florida and called it Pascua de Florida (Feast of Flowers)
Claimed land for Spain

13. Spanish Exploration of the New World
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Spanish conquistador and explorer who was the first European to see the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean (in 1513), crossing the Isthmus of Panama

14. Spanish Exploration of the New World
Hernan Cortez/Cortes
Spanish Conquistador
Conquered the Aztec Indians
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish Conquistador
Conquered the Inca Indians

15. Spanish Exploration of Georgia
Hernando de Soto – influential in the conquering of Peru, and gaining gold and silver.
King of Spain granted de Soto 18 months and 600 miles of land to explore Florida.
De Soto’s objectives were to acquire gold & conquer the natives.

18. Disease – the silent killer
Guns and swords were not the only deadly weapons that Europeans brought with them
This is a Native American depiction of smallpox

19. Early Spanish Missions
Captain General Pedro Menendez
Spain dispatches Menendez to establish a colony in St. Augustine, Florida
Catholic Missions are established up along the coast of present-day Georgia
Area divided
Guale to the north
Mocama to the south

20. Spanish prosperity = English and French resentment
Spain becoming wealthy & powerful because of the New World
England and France want the riches also
English sea captains capturing Spanish ships and taking the treasures
Spanish settlements in the New World attacked and burned
John Hawkins, Sir Francis Drake, Richard Greenville
King Phillip II of Spain decides to invade England with his huge naval fleet, The Armada
The English have faster ships and better naval personnel. This, combined with a fierce storm in the English Channel led to an easy defeat of the “Invincible Armada”
This creates a shift in the Balance of Power, and England becomes the dominant European force