1. Elizabeth Correa- System Solutions Architect
FTTP & Voice Over IP
An Brief Introduction
Elizabeth Correa- System Solutions Architect

2. Agenda
Fiber to the Premises Overview
VoIP Overview
Asterisk Demo

3. Video on Fiber to the Home

4. Why should you care about FTTP?
FTTP networks transmission speeds of up to 100 megabits per second downstream – and almost as much upstream.
As of March 2007, 1.34 million U.S. homes have direct fiber optic connections.
The number of fiber-to-the-premises subscribers has doubled over each of the last two years.

5. Broadband Access Technologies
ATM
xDSL
DSLAM
Copper – up to feet
~ 7 Mbps
Passive splitter
OLT
622 Mb/s down
ATM
BPON
32 subs/PON
155Mb/s up
Fiber – up to feet
30+ Mbps and Video
Fiber
Passive splitter
OLT
2.4 Gbp/s down
Ethernet
GPON
32 subs/PON
1.2 Gbp/s up
Fiber – up to feet
Fiber
100+ Mbps and Video
Active RT
OLT
FTTC
Fiber
~ 40 Mbps total
Copper – up to 500 feet
Active RT
OLT
FTTN
Fiber
~ 25 Mbps total
Copper – up to 5000 feet

6. FTTP Architecture

7. PON- Passive Optical Network
A passive optical network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises, typically 32.
A PON consists of an Optical Line Termination (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) near end users.

8. PON Technologies
Current technology used is BPON (Broadband PON) Speed: 622 (Mbit/s) down/ 155 Mbit/s up
Next technology to be used is GPON (Gigabit PON) supports enhanced security, and choice of Layer 2 protocol (GEM, Ethernet). Speed: 2,488 (Mbit/s) down/ 1,244 Mbit/s up

9. Passive Optical Network (PON) Details – ITU G.983
EDFA
(Erbium Doped
Fiber Amplifier)
Video
“Optical DSLAM”
Voice & Data
Voice/Data & Video
OLT
(Optical
Line
Terminal)
“Optical Modem”
Optical
Couplers (WDM)
ONT
(Optical Network
Terminal)
Upstream
1310 nm
1x32
Optical
Splitter
Video
(l/RF)
Data
(AAL5)
POTS
(AAL2)
Downstream
Upstream
Voice and Data
@ 622 Mbps
Video
Digital TV
Analog TV
HD/VOD
550 MHz
860 MHz
42 MHz
@ 155 to 622 Mbps
Bandwidths & Services

10. Questions on FTTP?

11. Why should you care about VoIP?
VoIP Saves Big Money
You Can be the Mack Daddy/Mommy of Cool by setting up your own “skype like” phone system with your friends

12. History of the PSTN
The PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) is made up of switches.
Human Operator (1880 American Bell Founded) (Think Andy Griffith Show)
Automatic exchanges called steppers (early 1900’s)
Digital Switch which used Stored Program Control exchange (1971)
Soft switches- Software switches

13. Erna Schneider Hoover
Patented the first programmed switch at Bell Laboratories.
Prioritized processes within stored program control switching systems.
The patent on the system is one of the first software patents ever issued (1971) and the principles of the system are still in use today.

14. PSTN Basics
SS7 Signaling is the protocol used to communicate with the Class 5 Switch.
A Class 5 Switch receives the call, looks up the number in the Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG).
The Class 5 Switch then sets up the voice “bearer” traffic circuit.
TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) transports the voice voice “bearer” traffic over high speed connections called trunks.

15. Circuit Switching Network resources are “static.”
When data needs to be sent, a circuit is established and used till the end of the transmission .

16. Packet Routing The Internet brought new ways of routing data: TCP/IP.
Every router can send a packet which ever way it sees is best.
Routers use a dynamic routing table which is constantly updated with the status of network traffic.

17. Shift to Packet routing
VoIP is actually just voice data broken into IP packets and sent over the a network.
But it still needs to use the same concepts as the PSTN had:
Signaling
Bearer

18. Media Routing vs Signal Routing

19. New Signaling Protocols
The ITU-T created h.323 in 1995
The IETF created SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) in 1996

20. Bearer or Voice Traffic Protocol
Both h.323 and SIP can work Real Time Protocol (RTP)

21. Packet Routing

22. SIP vs h.323
H.323 was designed with a good understanding of the requirements for multimedia communication over IP networks, including audio, video, and data conferencing. It defines an entire, unified system for performing these functions, leveraging the strengths of the IETF and ITU-T protocols.

23. SIP
SIP was designed to setup a "session" between two points and to be a modular, flexible component of the Internet architecture.
It has a loose concept of a call (that being a "session" with media streams), has no support for multimedia conferencing, and the integration of sometimes disparate standards is largely left up to each vendor.

25. Simple SIP Network

26. Set up your own VoIP Network with Asterisk
Asterisk is a PBX (Private Branch Exchange)
Manages the voice calls and the connectivity between different telephone networks and protocols (PSTN, VoIP, etc...) and giving the functionalities of a PBX like automatic answer, autoreply, menus, etc.
Runs on Linux, MacOSX, OpenBSD, FreeBSD
Works with SIP or h.323 for signaling and RTP for bearer traffic

27. Asterisk Network

28. Asterisk Demo

29. Sources
Please see bettworld.com/ACM2007 for links to sources