4. Causes of American Imperialism  1. Need for new markets for surplus goods  2. Need for natural resources  3. Need to acquire new military bases to protect America’s interests around the world  4. Belief in American cultural superiority

6. Alfred T. Mahan

7. Queen Liliuokalani and Sanford B. Dole

8. Anti-Imperialists

9. Rudyard Kipling “The White Man’s Burden”

10. Wreckage of U.S.S. Maine

12. Hearst and Pulitzer

13. President McKinley and John Hay

14. General Weyler and prisoners of Cuban concentration camps

15. George Dewey in the Philippines-defeated the Spanish Armada in May, 1898

16. Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

17. Platt Amendment (1903)-Cuba became a U.S. protectorate

18. Foraker Act-1900; ended U.S. military rule in Puerto Rico and set up civil government

20. Emilio Aguinaldo-leader of Filipino resistance

21. John Hay’s “Open Door” Notes

22. Open Door Policy

23. Roosevelt Corollary-Extension of the Monroe Doctrine

24. Construction of the Panama Canal

25. The Great White Fleet

26. William Howard Taft and Dollar Diplomacy

28. In 1967, 1993, and 1998 the citizens of the island voted to maintain the status quo. In November 2012, Puerto Ricans voted not to maintain the status quo and to pursue statehood through the U.S. Congress. If Puerto Rico were to become the fifty-first state, the U.S. federal government and the state-to-be will establish a ten year transitional process towards statehood. The federal government is expected to spend about three billion dollars annually in the state toward benefits not currently received by the commonwealth. Puerto Ricans would also begin paying federal income tax and business would lose the special tax exemptions that are a major part of the economy. The new state would probably obtain six new voting members of the House of Representatives and of course, two Senators. The stars on the United States flag would change for the first time in more than fifty years. If independence were chosen by the citizens of Puerto Rico in the future, then the United States will assist the new country through a decade-long transition period. International recognition would come quickly for the new nation, which would have to develop its own defense and a new government.