1. Prequel: An ode to the iPhone

2. The average attention span in 2012 - 8 seconds The average attention span in 2000 - 12 seconds The average attention span of a gold fish - 9 seconds Percent of teens who forget major details of close friends and relatives - 25 % Percent of people who forget their own birthdays from time to time - 7 % Average number of times per hour an office worker checks their email inbox - 30 Average length watched of a single internet video - 2.7 minutes

3. Source: Harald Weinreich, Hartmut Obendorf, Eelco Herder, and Matthias Mayer: “Not Quite the Average: An Empirical Study of Web Use,” in the ACM Transactions on the Web, vol. 2, no. 1 (February 2008), article #5. Percent of page views that last less than 4 seconds: 17% Percent of page views that last more than 10 minutes: 4% Percent of words read on web pages with 111 words or less: 49% Percent of words read on an average (593 words) web page: 28% Users spend only 4.4 seconds more for each additional 100 words

4. Meet Mr. Media Media Ownership & You Week 3, MK120: Media, Communication, Society

5. FOUNDATIONS OF THE EXPLORATION What does it mean to“own”information? Who are the big Media Companies, and do they still matter? Do we (consumers) really have a voice? If so, what does it sound like?

7. Digital Divide The term digital divide refers to the gap between those people with effective access to digital and information technology, and those without access to it. It includes the imbalances in physical access to technology, as well as the imbalances in resources and skills needed to effectively participate as a digital citizen.”

9. Participation Gap Digital immigrants vs. Digital Natives …I’m a digital immigrant. I was not weaned on the web, nor coddled on a computer. Instead, I grew up in a highly centralized world where news and information were tightly controlled by a few proprietors, who deemed to tell us what we could and should know. Rupert Murdoch, 2005

10. Vs. Part One Foundations of Media Ownership

11. How did we get here?

12. Mr. Media Grows

13. Who is Mr. Media? Can you name the 6 media conglomerates that own and operate over 75% of the mass media messages you see today?

15. World’s Largest Media companies (total revenue in 2009) CompanyRevenue (in Billions) 1.General Electric$157* 2.Walt Disney Co.$36.1 3.News Corporation$30.4 4.Time Warner$26.8 5.Viacom$13.6 6.CBS$13 * approx. 25 USbillion revenue from media ventures Table 1: World’s Largest Media Companies Source: FreePress Ownership Chart: http://www.freepress.net/resources/ownershiphttp://www.freepress.net/resources/ownership

16. How Do they Grow?

17. 1. Merge & Acquire 1996 Congress passes Telecommunications Act. FCC continues to ease ownership regulations.

18. Merger Media Approximate number of daily newspapers in North America 1800 Approximate number of magazines in North America 11,000 Approximate number of radio stations in North America 11,000 Approximate number of television stations in North America 2,000 Approximate number of book publishers in North America 3,000 Number of companies owning a controlling interest in the media listed above in 1984 50 Number of companies owning a controlling interest in the media listed above in 1987 26 Number of companies owning a controlling interest in the media listed above in 1996 10 Number of companies owning a controlling interest in the media listed above in 2002 6

19. 2. Synergy & Branding

20. Synergy Definition: refers to the dynamic in which components of a company work together to produce benefits that would be impossible for a single, separately operated unit of the company

21. Branding If a brand is associated with a quality or image that a consumer likes, the consumer tends to choose the branded version of a traditional product or to try a new product from the same brand

22. Branding Spin offs: ESPN2, ESPNNews, ESPN Classic Publication: ESPN, the magazine Web site: espn.com Retail outlet: ESPN, the Store Sport-themed restaurant: The ESPN Zone

24. What is the resonance of Coke’s Brand? What is it’s media strategy? Where do you see it?

25. What about Apple? Or Starbucks? Or others? What are their media platforms? How do they extend their reach?

26. 3. Globalization: Growth/Expansion Globally One product, that is adapted to be viewed in the following countries: …

27. Globalization India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Japan, Brunei, South Korea, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Papa New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, UK, Ireland, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, France, Greece, Israel, Romania, 30 territories including: Russia, Middle East, Egypt, Faroe Islands, Liechtenstein, Malta, Moldova. And…Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Italy, Bolivia, Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, United States (select Hispanic markets) Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Russia, many countries in Africa…and on and on and on: totaling MTV being tailored for viewing in: 164 Countries! Cultural imperialism

28. Lines from the film’s opening song (pre-alteration): Oh, I come from a land, From a faraway place, Where the caravan camels roam, Where they cut off your ear, If they don’t like your face, It’s Barbaric, but hey, it’s home.

31. 4. DEREGULATION the General Electric Conundrum…

32. General Electric owns these

33. And they also own Military Production: Manufactures and maintains engines for the F-16 Fighter jet, Abrams tank, Apache helicopter, U2 Bomber, Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV), A-10 aircraft, and numerous military equipment including planes, helicopters, tanks, and more. GE COMMERCIAL FINANCE GE HEALTHCARE GE ADVANCED MATERIALS GE INFRASTRUCTURE GE CONSUMER & INDUSTRIAL GE INSURANCE GE MONEY GE TRANSPORTATION GE ENERGY

34. Part Two Markets vs. the Public Sphere

35. Is the media industry different than other Industries?

36. The Market Model “society’s needs can best be met through a relatively unregulated process of exchange based on the dynamics of supply and demand. This model treats the media like all other goods and services” (Croteau & Hoynes,15).

37. “media” Markets promote _______________? Efficiency Responsiveness Flexibility innovation

38. The Public Sphere “media are more than simply profit-making components of large conglomerates. Instead, they are our primary information sources and storytellers” (20).

39. Jurgen Habermas [his] “model posits an open mass media system that is widely accessible. It argues that information should circulate freely…fundamentally the public sphere views people as citizens rather than consumers. Furthermore it contends media should serve these citizens rather than “target” potential consumers” (20).

40. For the Public Sphere Markets are undemocratic Markets reproduce inequality Markets are amoral Markets do not necessarily meet social needs Markets do not necessarily meet democratic needs

41. What is the Public Interest?

42. Market – Whatever the public is interested in Sphere – Media responsibility to…. a. Promote diversity (Avoid homogenity) b. Provide Substance (w/out Elitism)

43. Which side do you fall on? “The media’s role in facilitating democracy and encouraging citizenship has always been in tension with its status as a profit making industry…” (38)

44. Part Three Destabilizing Ownership

45. Are these part of Mr. Media, or part of you?

46. Is he part of Mr. Media, or part of you?

47. 2006 Most Visited Site, USA

48. 2007 Most Visited Sites, US 1. Yahoo.com - Yahoo! Inc. 2. Google.com - Google Inc. 3. Myspace.com - News Corp. 4. MSN.com - Microsoft Corporation 5. ebay.com - eBay Inc. 6. YouTube.com - Google Inc. 7. Facebook.com - Facebook 8. wikipedia.org - Wikimedia Foundation 9. craiglist.org - craigslist, inc. 10. live.com - Microsoft Corporation 11Amazon.com - Amazon.com, Inc. 12. Blogger.com - Google Inc. 13. Go.com - The Walt Disney Co. 14. AOL.com - Time Warner 15. microsoft.com – Microsoft Co. 16. CNN.com - Time Warner 17. Comcast.net - Comcast Co. 18. IMDb.com - Amazon.com, Inc. 19. Flickr.com - Yahoo! Inc. 20. Photobucket.com – Photobucket http://www.freepress.net/content/top20websiteshttp://www.freepress.net/content/top20websites alexa, 2007

49. 2009 Most Visited Sites, US 1.Google 2.Facebook 3.Yahoo! Mail 4.MySpace 5.Yahoo! 6.YouTube 7.Windows Live Mail 8.MSN 9.Yahoo! Search 10.eBay http://www.businessreviewonline.com/internet- weblog/archives/2009/08/top_20_websites.html 11.Gmail 12.Bing 13. AOL Mail 14. AOL 15. Google Image Search 16. My Yahoo! 17. Wikipedia 18. Amazon.com 19. Yahoo! News 20. Craig's List

50. 2012 Most Visited Sites, US 1.Google 2.YouTube 3.Facebook 4.Amazon 5.Yahoo! 6.Twitter 7.MSN 8.Wikipedia 9.Wordpress 10.Microsoft http://bottomline.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/03/25/10760486-americas-10-largest- websites?lite

55. 1.Is The Shallows right? Do you agree with it? 2.What is the difference between Mass Media & New Media Structures for Marketing and Advertising? 3.How will Filter Bubbles influence our future consumer habits?