1. History of Computers Abacus – 1100 BC
Slide rule Mechanical calculator Automatic loom (punched cards)
Babbage’s computer – 1830s Boolean logic – 1850s
Hollerith’s electric tabulator Analog computer – 1927 EDVAC – 1946 ENIAC
Transistor
Integrated circuit – late 1950s UNIVAC – 1951 Microprocessor – 1971 Altair 8880 – 1975 Apple II – 1977 IBM PC – 1981 World Wide Web – 1990s

2. Abacus First true calculating machine In use since 1100 B.C.
Still used in some countries

4. Slide Rule
In 1617, Scottish mathematician John Napier created a device to perform logarithm calculators
Soon after an English clergyman named William Oughtred created a device based on this and named it the “slide rule”
It remained in use for the next 350 years until the electronic calculator was invented.

5. First Computer
In the early 1830s, English mathematician Charles Babbage designed the analytical engine.
Intended to be used to create math tables for navigation at sea
Completely mechanical and powered by steam
Could be programmed to perform different tasks

6. Punched Card
First major development in computing hardware came after the results of the 1880 US Census took 7 years to tabulate
US Census Bureau conducted a contest for a faster method, and Herman Hollerith invented the punched card.
He formed company which later became IBM

7. Punched Card

8. Early computers
Mark I and ENIAC arrived on the scene during WWII. They were used to calculate weapon trajectories and help build atomic bombs.
The early computers used punched cards
They were VERY expensive and used enough electricity to light up a small town.
In 1951, the UNIVAC was first mass-produced. It was the first general purpose computer.
In 1953, IBM started selling computers

9. Early IBM computers

10. First-generation Computers
VERY expensive and HUGE – required large rooms and a lot of A/C
Used vacuum tubes (slow/hot, similar to light bulbs)

11. Where did the term "bug" come from?
Grace Hopper coined the term “bug” when there was a computer malfunction. The original “bug” was a moth that was lodged in the circuitry and created a hardware problem in a Mark I computer. Hopper “debugged” the computer by removing the moth.

12. Portable transistor radio
Transistors
Major breakthrough
In 1947, engineers from Bell Laboratories invented the transistor
It replaced the vacuum tubes
Much smaller, faster and more reliable
Relied on other electronic components to form circuits
Portable transistor radio

13. Integrated Circuit An even bigger breakthrough
In the late 1950s, engineers from Texas Instruments created integrated circuit
Instead of soldering components after the are made, they were manufactured all together on a chip of silicon
Also known as the microchip

14. Microprocessor Advanced the integrated circuit even further
In the 1971, engineers from Intel Corporation designed the first microprocessor
All chips needed for the CPU were put together on one chip
Made the PC possible

15. Personal Computers Altair 8800 created in 1975 as a mail-order kit
Also in 1975, Bill Gates, Paul Allen, and Monte Davidoff wrote BASIC programming language
Meanwhile Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs were busy creating the Apple II in 1977
At this time Visicalc (spreadsheet program) was created for the Apple
In 1981, the IBM PC was created and shortly after Microsoft was formed and the MS-DOS operating system was created

16. The Internet is Born
In the 1990s the internet was born. This was a very significant revolution
The World Wide Web allowed us to connect to servers across the world
We can now to go to our favorite websites, to order products, to communicate via or facebook, etc.

17. Handheld Computers
In early 2000’s there was an explosion of handheld computers
Examples are GPS units, tablets, smart phones
Smart phones can now do the following: handle phone calls, take pictures, run apps, do calculations, browse the internet, etc.
Personal translators act as speaking dictionaries

18. Cloud Computing
“Cloud computing” refers to the cloud of powerful computers (servers) on the internet
The servers provide “temporary” software that we can use at home
Examples: tax software, photoshop
Software is stored in PC memory (not your hard drive)

20. How has the computer affected society, science and technology?
History of Computers
Group Activity
As a group, take the different events in computer history and place them in the correct order
How has the computer affected society, science and technology?

21. Abacus – 1100 BC
Slide rule Mechanical calculator Automatic loom (punched cards)
Babbage’s computer – 1830s Boolean logic – 1850s
Hollerith’s electric tabulator Analog computer – 1927 EDVAC – 1946 ENIAC
Transistor
Integrated circuit – late 1950s UNIVAC – 1951 Microprocessor – 1971 Altair 8880 – 1975 Apple II – 1977 IBM PC – World Wide Web – 1990s