1. The Phrase Mrs. Robilotto 9 CP

2. Definition A group of related words One phrase = one part of speech Does NOT contain a verb and its subject Example:between you and me (a phrase) who was the best (not a phrase)

3. Prepositional Phrase Group of word that BEGINS with a preposition… ENDS with a noun or pronoun Example: during the night in front of Emmaus High School like Jenny and Marie

4. Prepositional Phrase Object of the Preposition: The noun or pronoun that ends the prepositional phrase Prepositional phrases can be: Adjectives Adverbs

5. Prepositions The Prepositional Phrase as an adjective Begins with preposition; ends with a noun or pronoun Acts as an adjective—modifies a noun or pronoun ALWAYS follows the noun/ pronoun that it modifies Answers: what kind? OR which one? Example: The football team from the South won the game. The keys to the car are lost

6. Prepositional Phrase The Prepositional Phrase as an adverb Begins with a preposition; ends with a noun or pronoun Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb Answers the following questions: WHEN WHERE WHY HOW HOW MUCH HOW FAR May appear before OR after the word that it modifies. Example: -She accepted the award with pride. -She tells her competitor that she is unlucky at this game. -I will see you later in the day.

7. Appositive A noun or pronoun that follows another noun or pronoun to identify or to explain it. Example: Heather, my sister, is a banker in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

8. Appositive THE APPOSITIVE PHRASE: An appositive + any modifiers Examples: The horrible smoke, a blend of burnt rubber and industrial fumes, made her choke. Spiderman, Tim’s greatest hero, is a coordinated and daring individual.

9. Verbal Phrases What’s a Verbal Verbal = a form of a verb that is used as another part of speech Looks like a verb but used as adjectives, adverbs, nouns. Like The running man tripped on the curb. Examples include participle, gerund, infinitive

10. The Participle A form of a verb used as an adjective (modifies a noun/ pronoun) Two types of participles: Present participle = plain form of verb + ing Cry + ing Example: The crying baby needed to be changed. ACTS as ADJECTIVE OR Past participle = plain form of verb + ed Disgust + ed Example: Disgusted, Len walked away without saying goodbye. ACTS as ADJECTIVE

11. Participle Sometimes there are IRREGULAR forms used: Lose—does not become NOT “losed” Example: The small child, lost for several hours, returned home safely.

12. The Participial Phrase Participial phrase = 1 participle + all complements and modifiers. Acts as ADJECTIVE (modifies a Noun) Example with modifiers: Studying carefully, she learned much about Native American people. Example with a complement: Her sister, using a calm voice, told us to stand still.

13. Another Verbal… Remember a VERBAL is a form of a verb that is used as another part of speech THE GERUND A form of a verb that is used as a noun Plain form of the verb + ing

14. Gerund Ways in which a gerund can function in a sentence: As a subject—Swimming is a favorite hobby of mine. As a predicate nominative—One relaxing exercise is swimming.

15. Gerund Ways in which a gerund can function in a sentence As a direct object—The Jones family enjoys swimming. As an indirect object—His performance gives swimming a bad reputation. As an object of a preposition—I will lose weight by swimming.

16. Gerund Phrase A gerund + all complements and modifiers Entire phrase = 1 noun Example: Basking quietly in the sun is my favorite summertime pastime.

17. The Infinitive To + plain form of the verb A type of a verbal that is used as either a NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

18. Infinitives EXAMPLES: As a noun—A professional dancer needs to practice. As an adjective—The player to watch is the quarterback. As an adverb—The student used the spell checker to edit the paper.

19. Infinitive THE INFINITIVE PHRASE The infinitive + all complements & modifiers EXAMPLES: To interrupt a speaker abruptly is impolite. She is the person to see about a job. We were glad to hear an answer.

20. Quick Review Participle Phrase: verbal that acts as an ADJECTIVE: Disappointed with the election results, the senator left the country. Can be taken out without changing the menaing of the sentence. Gerund Phrase: verbal that acts as NOUN: Wishing to be Santa is Mike’s greatest desire. Can’t be taken out. Infinitive: verbal that acts as N, ADV, or ADJ: She was sad to be the last one picked for volleyball. Appositive: Noun or pronoun that follows another noun or pronoun to identify or to explain it: Marybeth, a firefighter in New York City, witnessed atrocities on 9/11.