1. Root Words  Cyt (cell)  Endo (within)  Hyper (above)  Hypo (Below)  Inter (between)  Iso (equal)  Mit (thread)  Phag (to eat)  Pino (to drink)  Som (body)

2. Molecules and Cells

3.  pH Scale: a measurement system use to indicate the concentration of H + ions in a solution (0-14 scale, 7 is water and neutral)

4.  Acids: Solutions containing higher H + ions, pH value below a 7

5.  pH Scale: a measurement system use to indicate the concentration of H + ions in a solution (0-14 scale, 7 is water and neutral)  Acids: Solutions containing higher H + ions, pH value below a 7  Bases: Solution containing lower H+ ions, pH value above 7

6. Base Burn

7.  Electrolytes: Substances that release ions in water

8.  Two Types:

9.  Electrolytes: Substances that release ions in water  Two Types:  Acid: release hydrogen ions (H+) in water

10.  Electrolytes: Substances that release ions in water  Two Types:  Acid: release hydrogen ions (H+) in water  Base: release hydroxide ions (OH-) in water

11.  Electrolytes: Substances that release ions in water  Two Types:  Acid: release hydrogen ions (H+) in water  Base: release hydroxide ions (OH-) in water  Both Ion concentrations (H+, OH-) in body fluid can greatly affect chemical reactions that control certain physiological functions, such as blood pressure and breathing rate

12. Macromolecules  Very large molecules consisting of many smaller structural units linked together  Organic: compounds that contain Carbon (Carbon Dioxide is an exception)  Inorganic: All other compounds

14. Macromolecules  Monomer: Single molecule that binds together with other molecules to form a compound

15. Macromolecules  Monomer: Single molecule that binds together with other molecules to form a compound  Polymer: A complex compound made from many single molecules (monomers)

17. Macromolecules  Six Most common elements in living organisms: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur

18. Macromolecules  Six Most common elements in living organisms: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur  Living organisms are comprised of 4 categories of macromolecules:  Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Amino Acids