1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and Responsible Sexual Behavior

2. STD Cases Estimated Annual Cases 333 million Worldwide
15.3 million new cases in the United States this year alone

3. What is a Sexually Transmitted Disease?
Diseases you can get by having sex – vaginal, oral, or anal – with someone who is already infected
Caused by bacteria or viruses that are spread through blood, semen, and vaginal fluids
Also, spread simply by touching infected skin for certain STDs, like herpes and genital warts

4. STD Facts
1 in 4 Americans will become infected with an STD in their lifetime
2/3 of all STD cases occur in ages 25 or younger

5. STD Transmission HIV and STDs are transmitted through exposure to:
Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Contact with open sores and infected areas

6. Chlamydia Most common of all bacterial STDs.
About 3 million new cases occur each year.
When symptoms do occur they include abnormal genital discharge and burning with urination.
If untreated, it may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal pregnancies, and infertility.
Can be cured with oral antibiotics.

7. Gonorrhea Bacterial infection of the genital area.
About 650,000 new cases occur each year.
When symptoms do occur they include burning during urination, green or yellowish discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding, or pelvic pain.
Antibiotics can cure the infection.

8. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Viral infection primarily affecting the outer and inner genital areas.
About 5.5 million new cases occur each year.
Most people don’t know they are infected.
Symptoms are soft, itchy warts in and around the genitals, often called genital warts.
There is no cure for HPV, but warts can be removed through medication and surgery. There may be future outbreaks because the virus stays in the body permanently.

9. Genital Herpes
Viral infection of the genital area and sometimes the mouth.
About 1 million new cases occur each year.
Symptoms: cold sores and fever blisters on the mouth, red bumps that turn into painful blisters, or sores on the genital areas.
If untreated, it may lead to complications during pregnancy.
There is no cure for herpes, but medication can be used to reduce the frequency of future outbreaks.
Herpes can be transmitted even when medication is used and there are no symptoms.

10. Syphilis Caused by bacteria that spread throughout the body.
About 70,000 new cases occur each year.
Appears in stages.
Stage 1 symptoms are painless sores on the genitals or mouth.
Stage 2 symptoms are a rash on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or genital area.
Stage 3 can result in damage to the brain, heart, nervous system, and death.
If untreated, it may lead to complications during pregnancy.
Can be cured with antibiotics if caught early, but damage caused by the disease cannot be undone.

11. Hepatitis A – How does it Spread?
Food preparers who are infected can pass the virus on if they do not wash their hands with soap and water after having a bowel movement, especially when they prepare uncooked foods.
Fecal contamination of food and water.
Anal/oral contact, by putting something in the mouth that had been contaminated with infected feces.

12. Hepatitis A - How does it Spread?
Diaper changing tables, if not cleaned properly or changed after each use, may facilitate the spread of HAV.
Fecal residue may remain on the hands of people changing soiled diapers.
Eating raw or partially cooked shellfish contaminated with HAV.

13. Hepatitis A - Treatment
No treatment
Clears up by itself in a few weeks or months
No serious effects

14. Hepatitis B
Viral infection primarily affecting the liver.
About 77,000 new cases occur each year.
When symptoms do occur they include fatigue, achiness, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, darkening of urine, abdominal tenderness, and yellowing of the skin and whites of eyes.
Can be treated with antibiotics, but some people are contagious for the rest of their lives.

15. Hepatitis C Spread – Blood
Symptoms – usually none (if symptoms are present – flu-like, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain and headaches)
Treatment – Interferon (injection) and ribavirin

16. Bacterial Vaginosis - Overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina
Cause – new/multiple sexual partners
Sign/ Symptoms - Overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina
Discharge, odor, pain, itching or burning
Treatment – Antibiotics
Complications – More susceptible to other STD’s

17. Scabies Parasite – microscopic mite burrows under the skin
Pimple-like irritations, burrows or rash of the skin, especially the webbing between the fingers; the skin folds on the wrist, elbow, or knee; the penis, the breast, or shoulder blades.

18. Scabies (con’t)
By direct, prolonged, skin-to-skin contact with a person already infested with scabies. Infestation may also occur by sharing clothing, towels, and bedding.
4 – 6 weeks for symptoms to begin
Treatment – Medicated lotions

19. Pubic Lice (Crabs) – Parasitic Insect
Found in genital region
Sexual Contact – (not by toilet seats, towels/bedding
Itching in genital region – visible nits (lice eggs)

20. Pubic Lice (con’t) Feed off blood
Treatment – Lice killing lotion, shampoo

21. MRSA Staph (group of bacteria) infection antibiotic resistance
Treatment – vancomycin or other antibiotics
Can be fatal

22. MRSA (con’t) Signs and symptoms
small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils or spider bites can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that require surgical draining. Sometimes the bacteria remain confined to the skin. But they can also burrow deep into the body, causing potentially life-threatening infections in bones, joints, surgical wounds, the bloodstream, heart valves and lungs.

23. HIV and AIDS AIDS was first reported in the U.S. in 1981.
Caused by the human immune-deficiency virus (HIV), which destroys the body’s ability to fight off infection.
HIV can lead to AIDS, which can cause death.
An estimated 900,000 Americans currently have HIV and an estimated 40,000 Americans contract the disease each year.
Is the leading cause of death among 15 to 24-year olds since 1991.

24. How is HIV Transmitted? Sexual contact Blood exchange
During pregnancy, birth, and breast feeding
Not from tears, saliva*, sweat, hugging, touching, toilet seats, and swimming pools
*if open sores in mouth (flossing) can contract HIV

25. Strategies for Preventing STDs
Abstain from sex or delay sex
Choose outer-course versus intercourse
Monogamy
Use Condoms and other barriers
Reduce the number of sexual partners
Do not have sex with “higher-risk” people
Do not share needles
Stay sober

26. Why Should You be Responsible
Health
Family
Career
Why Should You be Responsible
for Your Sexual Behavior?
Finances
Personal Values
Relationships

27. Esteem for your family and friends
Honor
Esteem for your family and friends
Admiration for your profession
Respect for your body

28. Courage Nerves to abstain from sex Bravery to make good choices
Guts to do the right thing and stand up to peer pressure

29. Commitment Living up to your promises
Choosing a complete life over a passionate moment
Holding on the principle-centered values