1. Atoms and Atomic Structure
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Atomic/Bohr Models

2. Nucleus = The Atom Protons + Neutrons 3 parts
1. Protons = positive charge
2. Neutrons = neutral charge
3. Electrons = negative charge
Nucleus =
Protons +
Neutrons

3. Water Gold Elements Hydrogen Oxygen Gold
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances
Water
Gold
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Gold

4. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
All atoms we draw will have equal protons and electrons
Atomic Number 1 H
1.0
Atomic Symbol
Atomic Mass

5. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
# of protons = look at the atomic number
# of electrons = look at the atomic number
# of neutrons = subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
Atomic Number 1
Atomic Symbol H
1.0
Atomic Mass

6. Practice 2 21 He Sc 4.0 45.0 11 19 H K 23.0 39.0 P = P = N = N = E =

7. Periodic Table Parts
Periods: move from left to right across the periodic table (7 periods)
Groups: move from top to bottom down the periodic table (18 groups)

8. The Periodic Table

9. Group 1 1 Electron in outer level Metals Lithium Very Reactive Sodium
Alkali Metals
Metals
Lithium
Very Reactive
Sodium
1 Electron in outer level
Potassium
Rubidium
Cesium
Francium

10. Group 2 2 Electrons in outer level Metals Beryllium Magnesium
Alkaline-Earth Metals
Metals
Beryllium
Magnesium
Reactive, but not as reactive as Alkali Metals
Calcium
Strontium
2 Electrons in outer level
Barium
Radium

11. Groups 3-12
1 or 2 Electrons in outer level
Transition Metals

12. Lanthanides and Actinides

13. Groups 13-16 w/ Metalloids 3 Electrons in outer level Reactive
Boron Group 13
Reactive
Solid at Room Temperature
3 Electrons in outer level

14. Groups 13-16 w/ Metalloids 4 Electrons in outer level
Carbon Group 14
Reactivity varies among the elements
Solid at room temperature
4 Electrons in outer level

15. Groups 13-16 w/ Metalloids 5 Electrons in outer level
Nitrogen Group 15
Reactivity varies among elements
All but nitrogen are solid at room temp
5 Electrons in outer level

16. Group 13-16 w/ Metalloids 6 Electrons in outer level Reactive
Oxygen Group 16
Reactive
All but oxygen are solid at room temp
6 Electrons in outer level

17. Group 17 7 Electrons in outer level Very Reactive
Halogens
Very Reactive
React violently with alkali metals to form salts
7 Electrons in outer level

18. Group 18 8 Electrons in outer level (2 for Helium) Unreactive
Noble Gases
Unreactive
Colorless, odorless gases at room temp
8 Electrons in outer level (2 for Helium)

19. What About Hydrogen? Reactive Colorless, odorless gas at room temp
Hydrogen stands alone
Reactive
Colorless, odorless gas at room temp
Explosive reaction with oxygen

20. Groups are arranged due to all members top to bottom having similar Physical and Chemical properties.