1. WARM UP You are a young Cave-student…express your ideas of “what you did over summer vacation.” Your notebook is your cave wall…Draw pictograms on the next blank page in your notebook…Do NOT use words, ONLY pictures!

2. Civilization

3. Moving Towards Civilization Civilization Highly organized society marked by advanced knowledge of farming, trade, government, arts, science, often a written language.

4. Moving Towards Civilization  Old Stone Age is the earliest period of human history – also called Paleolithic Age  Paleolithic people were nomads – moving from place to place following food

5. Moving Towards Civilization  They learned to adapt to the environment in order to survive  Nomads lived in small groups of 20-30 people

6. Moving Towards Civilization  Nomads made simple tools – digging sticks, spears, and axes  Developed a spoken language. Made clothing from animal skins, hunted animals; meat for food, and discovered fire!

7. Moving Towards Civilization  8,000-10,000 years ago, nomads learned to farm: CULTIVATE  By producing their own food they were able to stay in one place

8. Moving Towards Civilization  This change introduced the New Stone Age – or Neolithic age  Neolithic farmers settled in permanent villages and developed new skills and tools  This led to GROWTH in population

9. Moving Towards Civilization  Communities were built which established social classes  Chieftains, elders, tribal leaders, warriors  Village chiefs and warriors emerged…who had power over other men and women

10. Moving Towards Civilization  DID YOU KNOW?  Neolithic people also learned how to farm and herd animals

11. Moving Towards Civilization  How can FARMING be a form of cultural diffusion?  Historians define eight basic features common to most early civilizations

12. Moving Towards Civilization  1. Cities  2. Organized governments  3. religions  4. job specialization

13. Moving Towards Civilization  5. social classes  6. arts and architecture  7. public works  8. writing

14. Moving Towards Civilization  People were ranked in social classes according to their job  Priests and nobles were at the top followed by wealthy merchants

15. Moving Towards Civilization  Artisans, or skilled workers, contributed to society according to their level of skill in the field.  Peasant farmers were at the low end of the spectrum and slaves were at the lowest end

16. Moving Towards Civilization Writing developed and was made up of pictograms or simple drawings to show ideas Writing became more complex and those who could read and write were called scribes

17. Moving Towards Civilization  As civilizations grew empires were created  Empires emerged by defeating other cities and civilizations in WAR!!

18. YOUR TURN TO WRITE  Review the list of the eight basic features of early civilizations. Choose one that YOU feel is the most important and explain why you feel that way. Use at least 7 sentences in your answer.