1. Power Tool Safety Training
Welcome to the Power Tool safety training program. This presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not regulatory standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. Companies using this training program should augment the information based on their specific organizational needs and circumstance. This training presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor.
RiskAnalytics, LLC, the developers of this training program, has not made and does not make any warranty of any kind, express or implied, with respect to this training program; and all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are hereby disclaimed by RiskAnalytics, LLC. RiskAnalytics, LLC will not be liable to anyone with regard to any damages, loss or claim whatsoever, no matter how occasioned, in connection with the preparation of, access to, or use of this training program.
Power Tool
Safety Training
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 2006 RiskAnalytics, LLC

2. Learning Objectives
At the end of this session the participant should be able to:
Identify the hazards associated with power tools
Understand the safety best practices that can prevent accidents and injuries when using power tools
Know the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) that can protect workers against injuries
At the end of this session the participant should be able to:
Identify the hazards associated with power tools
Understand the safety best practices that can prevent accidents and injuries when using power tools
Know the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) that can protect workers against injuries
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3. Introduction
Portable power tools are an indispensable part of virtually every construction project
Misuse accounts for the majority of accidents and injuries involving power tools
7 - 8 percent of all compensable injuries each year in the construction industry
Improper maintenance is another leading cause of injuries
Because power tools operate at high speeds, when things for wrong, it happens quickly
Power tools are a common part of our everyday lives and are present in nearly every industry.
These tools help us to easily perform tasks that otherwise would be difficult or impossible.
In fact, power tools are such a common part of our lives that it is difficult to remember that they may pose hazards.
Misuse accounts for the majority of accidents and injuries involving hand tools and improper maintenance is another leading cause
Along with common injuries such as cuts, amputation, lacerations, and bruises, the frequent and prolonged use of power tools can cause soreness, aches, pains, and fatigue, that could lead to chronic musculoskeletal injuries.
Unlike hand tools, power tools operate at very high speeds with significant power, so when things for wrong, consequences happen very quickly
Therefore, workers must learn to recognize the hazards associated with the different types of power tools and the safety precautions necessary to prevent those hazards
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4. Types of Portable Power Tools
Electric - Corded
Electric - Battery
Pneumatic (air)
Liquid fuel
Hydraulic
Powder-actuated
Portable power tool are classified based on how they are powered.
Portable electric tools may be powered by a corded or battery-based electric motor, a compressed air motor, or a gasoline engine.
Small explosive cartridges power a few tools, known as powder-actuated tools.
And, a hydraulic pump powers hydraulic tools.
Regardless of the type of power system, workers using power tools may be exposed to a number of general hazards as well as specific hazards associated with each type of power system
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5. Common Power Tool Hazards
Workers using power tools may be exposed to a number of potentially serious hazards:
Hit by flying material from the work piece
Hit by flying part of a broken tool
Explosion or fire resulting from sparks from a tool igniting combustible materials
Electric shock from a broken tool, frayed or defective power cord, or improper grounding
Exposure to harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases
Hazards are usually caused by misuse, improper maintenance and complacency
Workers using portable power tools may be exposed to a number of potentially serious hazards:
These include falling objects and being struck by flying material from the work piece or by flying parts of a broken power tool
An explosion or a fire resulting from sparks from a power tool igniting combustible materials
Objects that are abrasive, or splash as well as harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases also pose significant workplace hazards
In addition, electric shock, whether from a broken tool, a frayed or defective power cord, or from improper grounding, is a significant hazard in the workplace.
To reinforce the point already made, nearly all these hazards are caused by misuse, improper maintenance and complacency
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6. Common Hazards Lead to Serious Injuries
With power tools, carelessness and mistakes can lead to serious and often permanent injuries and even death
With power tools, carelessness and mistakes can lead to serious, and often permanent, injuries as these graphic images illustrate, portable power tools can, and do, cause serious and debilitating injuries
The image in the upper left shows the result of a worker using power saw while wearing a wedding ring
The image in the upper right shows the aftermath of a grinding wheel that was not properly inspected and broke apart during use striking the worker in the face
The image in the lower right shows the Hand of a worker who was shocked by drill that was not properly grounded
The image in the lower left is an x-ray of a worker’s skull after a saw blade exploded striking worker in head.
Again, the tool was not properly inspected prior to use.
All of the injuries pictured here could have been prevented with proper training, inspection and the use of Personal Protective Equipment
Using saw while wearing a wedding ring
Grinding wheel exploded striking worker in face
Saw blade exploded striking worker in head
Hand of worker shocked by drill he was holding
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7. Hazards Mitigation - 5 Simple Rules
All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules:
Always inspect each tool as well as power cords and attachments for damage before use
Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance.
Always use the right tool for the job
Only operate power tools according to the manufacturer's instructions -- That means Read the Instruction Manual!
Always use the appropriate protective equipment!
By following five basic safety rules, all of the injuries we just discussed and most hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented
First always inspect each tool as well as power cords and attachments for excess wear or damage before using the tool
Second, keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance.
Upon finishing with a tool, basic maintenance must be performed, such as cleaning, sharpening and oiling as necessary and storing the tool properly in accordance with manufacturer-recommended procedures.
Third, always use the right tool for the job – even if it means having to go a get another tool to complete the task
The 4th rule in mitigating hazards is to only operate power tools according to the manufacturer's instructions – that means Read and Keep the tool's instruction manual, which provides safe operating instructions and also covers maintenance and safety precaution recommendations.
Finally, always use the appropriate manufacturer-recommended protective equipment
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8. Inspect Tools Before Use
All power tools must be inspected before they are used
Make sure power is off and locked out before inspecting!
Check for cracks and signs of excessive wear
Insure that tool guards are in place and functioning
Insure that all blades, bits and other attachments are securely fastened
Check all cords and hoses for damage
Tag worn, damaged or defective tools "Out of Service" and do not use them
All power tools must be inspected before they are used
Make sure the power is switched off and locked out before inspecting the tool.
You should check the handle and body casing of the tool for cracks, excessive wear or other damage.
If the tool has auxiliary or double handles, check to see that they installed securely.
Inspect the power cord for defects – you are looking for cracking, fraying, and other signs of wear or faults in the cord insulation.
Also check for damaged switches and faulty trigger locks and carefully inspect the plug for cracks and for missing, loose or faulty prongs.
Make sure that all blades, bits and other attachments are securely fastened and that tool guards are in place and functioning
If you find damage upon inspection, you must tag the worn, damaged or defective tool "Out of Service" and do not it.
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9. Personal Protective Equipment
PPE must be used whenever a worker could come into contact with a hazard
With power tools, that means all the time!
PPE is designed for the work being performed - use the right equipment!
PPE must be maintained in good condition, kept clean and properly stored when not in use
As we have seen, they severity of injuries from power tools can be extreme.
Therefore is it is essential that you wear or use personal protective equipment or clothing that is appropriate for the work you are doing.
This may include items such as safety glasses or goggles, hearing protection, dust mask, gloves, safety boots or shoes, or rubber boots.
Keep in mind that the personal protective equipment must be designed for the work being performed.
This means… use the right equipment and do not use personal protective equipment where it can increase the risk of injury!
For example you should not wear gloves, or any type of loose clothing while using revolving power tools such as a circular saw
PPE must be maintained in good condition, kept clean and properly stored when not in use
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10. Basic Power Tool Safety Practices
Safety is a state of mind. Always think when using a tool:
Is it in good condition?
Is it sized right for the job?
Is it in the proper working condition - sharp, clean, oiled, dressed and not abused?
Only use a tool for the job in which it was designed
Never operate a tool without its guard in place
Never wear sandals, open-toed or canvas shoes when working with tools
Never wear loose-fitting clothes as they could become entangled in a tool
Always remove rings and other jewelry
Always tie back long hair
Before we shift our attention to safety best practices with respect to specific tools, let’s talk about some generic best practices that should be followed regardless of the type of tool you are using
Safety starts with your attitude because safety is really a state of mind.
If you are consistently thinking about safety in the work place your chances of an accident or injury are dramatically reduced
Therefore you should always think when you are using a power tool:
Is it in good condition?
Is it sized right for the job?
Is it in the proper working condition - sharp, clean, oiled, and not abused?
First and foremost, you should only use a tool for the job for which the manufacturer designed it
As we’ve already learned, misuse accounts for the majority of accidents and injuries involving tools
Never use a tool unless you have been trained to use it safely and know its limitations and hazards.
Avoid accidental starting by ensuring the tool is turned off before you plug it in and do not walk around with a plugged-in tool with your finger touching the switch.
You should never operate a tool without its guard in place
Always tie back long hair
Never wear sandals, open-toed or canvas shoes when working with tools and avoid loose-fitting clothes that might become entangled in a tool and cause an injury
For the same reasons, never where rings and other jewelry when using hand tools
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11. Basic Power Tool Safety Practices, continued
Make sure your grip and footing are secure when using large tools
Never carry tools up ladders - use a hoist or rope
Use extra caution when using tools at heights - a falling tool can kill a co-worker
Always make sure observers are at a safe distance
Always secure work with a vise, clamp, or other support
Moving work surfaces can cause the tool to “kick back”
Use extra caution when using power tools around flammable materials
Use fire curtains as appropriate
Keep a properly charged fire extinguisher available
Never surprise anyone using a power tool
Other best practices for use will all power tools include
Making sure your grip and footing are secure when using large tools
Using a hoist or rope to carry tools up a ladder – tools should never be carried by hand up a ladder
Be sure to use extra caution when using tools at heights because a falling tool can severely injure and potential kill a co-worker
Always make sure observers are at a safe distance from the work area
Always secure work with a vise, clamp, or other support because a moving work surfaces can cause the tool to “kick back” and injure the operator
Do not walk on or allow vehicles or other moving equipment to pass over unprotected power cords. Cords should be put in conduits or protected by placing planks on each side of them.
Never bush away sawdust, shavings or turnings while the tool is running and Never use compressed air for cleaning surfaces or removing sawdust, metal turnings, etc.
Use extreme caution when using power tools in an area containing flammable vapors or gases.
Use fire curtains as appropriate
Keep a properly charged fire extinguisher available
Never clean tools with flammable or toxic solvents.
Finally, do not surprise or touch anyone who is operating a tool. Startling a tool operator could end up causing an accident or injury.
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12. Power Tool Tool Guards Tool guards protect workers from:
Point of operation hazards
Nip points
Rotating parts
Flying chips or sparks
Regulations stipulate that the following parts of a power tool must be guarded:
Gears, sprockets, and chain drives
Belts, pulleys and drums
Revolving or reciprocating parts
Exposed shafts and projecting shaft ends
Collars, clutches, and couplings
Guards Covering Point of Operation
Tool guards are an important safety feature put in place by the tool manufacturer.
Regulations require that all reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of a power tool must be guarded if such parts are exposed to contact by the worker.
Guards are designed to protect the operator and others from hazards at point of operation such as where a saw blade cuts the material, or hazards at in-running nip points such as pulleys and gears
Guards are also designed to protect workers from contact with rotating parts such spindles, drums, fly wheels as well as from flying chips and sparks.
For example, portable circular saws are equipped with guards to protect workers from contact with the rotating blade.
An upper guard must cover the entire blade of the saw and a retractable lower guard must cover the teeth of the saw, except when it makes contact with the work material.
The lower guard must automatically return to the covering position when the tool is withdrawn from the work.
Safety guards must never be removed or disabled when a tool is being used.
Guards Covering Sprocket, Rotating Wheels and Point of Operation
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13. Power Tool Safety Switches
Safety switches allow the tool to be turned off quickly
Hand-held power tools must be equipped with one of the following:
Positive On-Off
Standard on-off switch
Platen sanders, disc sanders, and grinders with less than 2”-diameter discs, scroll saws
Momentary On-Off
Turnoff can be accomplished by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on
Drills, reciprocating and saber saws, grinders, and belt sanders
Constant pressure switch
Shuts off power upon release
Circular saws and chain saws
Always test switch to insure it functions properly
Safety switches allow the tool to be turned off quickly.
There are three types of safety switches commonly used today:
A positive on-off switch requires the operator to push the switch to turn the tool on and then push it again to turn the tool off.
Tools such as platen sanders, disc sanders, grinders with less than 2-inch diameter discs, and scroll saws use a positive on-off switch
A momentary on-off switch allows the tool to be turned off by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on
Regulations require that momentary contact "on-off" control switch be used on all drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal, vertical and angle grinders with wheels larger than 2 inches in diameter, disc and belt sanders, reciprocating saws, saber saws, and other similar tools.
These tools may also be equipped with a lock-on control provided that a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn the tool on can turn the tool off.
The third type of safety switch is a constant pressure switch. A constant pressure switch shuts off power when the finger pressure on switch is released.
All circular saws and chain saws must be equipped with a constant pressure switch
Regardless of the type of switch, as part of the inspection process, you should always test the safety switch to insure it functions properly before using the tool.
We will now look at specific hazard avoidance best practices with some of the more commonly used power tools
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14. Electric Power Tools General Safety Practices
All electric power tools must have a three-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle or be double insulated
Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) must be used on all 120-volt receptacles used to supply power to electric hand tools
Test GFCI before each use
Use portable GFCI if necessary
Always store in dry place when not using
Never use tool in wet/damp conditions
Never carry tool by the cord or yank the cord to disconnect it
Always keep tool and cords away from heat, oil, and sharp edges
Always disconnect tools when not in use and when changing accessories such as blades and bits
Double Insulated Marking
When using corded electric power tools make sure that the tools are properly grounded using a three-prong plug, that they are double insulated and are labeled as such.
The three-prong plug should be plugged in a properly grounded 3-pole outlet.
If an adapter must be used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must be attached to a known, functioning ground.
You must NEVER remove the third, grounding prong from a three prong plug.
Always switch off the tools before connecting them to the power supply.
Pull the plug, not the cord when unplugging a tool.
Pulling the cord causes wear and may adversely affect the wiring to the plug and cause electrical shock to the operator.
Always disconnect the power supply before making adjustments or changing accessories.
Do not use electric tools in wet conditions or damp locations unless tool is connected to a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)
Remember – wet tools and wet hands greatly increase the likelihood of electric shock.
You should avoid body contact with grounded surfaces like refrigerators, pipes and radiators when using electric powered tools; this will reduce the likelihood of shock if the operator's body is grounded.
If a power cord feels more than comfortably warm, if a tool is sparking, or if you feel a tingle in your fingers when using the tool, stop using the tool immediately.
This is a warning that the tool is faulty and needs repair.
The tool should be tagged “Do NOT USE” and it should be checked by an electrician or other qualified person.
Cord-based Portable GFCI
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15. Battery Powered Tools General Safety Practices
Perform charging in a dry location, away from all combustible materials
Do not operate cordless tools in or near flammable liquids or explosive atmospheres
Motors in these tools may spark and ignite fumes
Always recharge a cordless tool and its battery with its own specified charging unit
Never attempt to recharge a cordless tool in a recharging unit not specifically recommended for that tool
Remove batteries or lock the switch in its "OFF" position before changing accessories, adjusting or cleaning tools
This removes the power supply while hands are in vulnerable locations such as near switches, bits, or blades
Do not store the battery pack in a container with metal objects such as wire, nails or coins as it could short the battery
Do not expose the battery pack to moisture, frost or temperature extremes of over 110 degrees Fahrenheit or under - 20 degrees Fahrenheit
Battery powered electrical tools also pose hazards and requires specific safety precautions.
Only use the type of battery and battery charger specified by the tool manufacturer for the particular tool that you are using.
Remove the battery from the tool or ensure that the tool is switched off or locked off before changing accessories, making adjustments, or storing the tool.
Perform battery charging in a dry location, away from all combustible materials
Do not operate battery-powered tools in or near flammable liquids or explosive atmospheres – the motors in these tools may spark and ignite fumes
Do not expose the battery pack to moisture, frost or temperature extremes of over 110 degrees Fahrenheit or under - 20 degrees Fahrenheit
Store a battery pack safely so that no metal parts, nails, screws, wrenches and so on can come in contact with the battery terminals; this could result in shorting the battery and possibly cause sparks, fires or burns.
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16. Pneumatic Tools General Safety Practices
Make sure air hose connections are secure
Use a short wire or positive locking coupler to attach the air hose to the tool
Check hoses regularly for cuts, bulges and abrasions – Tag and replace, if defective.
Ensure the safety clip for attachments is installed and secure
Ensure the muzzle is in contact with the surface
Never point the tool at anyone
Avoid using on easily penetrated materials unless they are backed by material that will prevent fastener from passing through
Don’t drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material that could chip, splatter, or make the fasteners ricochet
Avoid using compressed air for cleaning d
Muzzle in contact
with work surface
The following best practice guidelines should be followed when using pneumatic tools
Only use air hoses that have been specifically designed to resist abrasion, cutting, crushing and failure from continuous flexing
Check hoses regularly for cuts, bulges and abrasions. Tag “Do NOT USE” and replace, if they are defective.
Air hoses must have a minimum working pressure rating of 150 pounds per square inch or 150% of the maximum pressure produced in the system, whichever is higher.
Make sure that hose connections fit properly and are equipped with a mechanical means of securing the connection such as a chain, a wire, or a positive locking coupler to attach the air hose to the tool.
Do not carry a pneumatic tool by its hose.
Use only the attachments that the manufacturer recommends for the tools you are using.
Never operate the tool at a pressure above the manufacturer's rating.
Always turn off the air pressure to hose when not in use or when changing power tools.
Ensure the muzzle is in contact with the surface
Never point the tool at anyone
You should avoid using pneumatic tools on easily penetrated materials unless they are backed by material that will prevent fastener from passing through the material
Also, don’t drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material that could chip, splatter, or make the fasteners ricochet
Remember that cleaning with compressed air can be very dangerous and should not be done unless no alternate method of cleaning is available.
If you must clean with compressed air, the nozzle pressure MUST remain below 30 pounds per square inch and personal protective equipment and effective chip guarding techniques must be used.
Air Hose Positive Locking Coupler
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17. Powder Actuated Tools General Safety Practices
Never use in an explosive or flammable atmosphere
Never load the tool unless it will be used immediately
Never leave a loaded tool unattended
Never point the tool at anyone
Always keep hands clear of the barrel end
Always select a powder level that will do the work without excessive force
Avoid using on easily penetrated materials unless they are backed by material that will prevent fastener from passing through
Don’t drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material that could chip, splatter, or make the fasteners ricochet
Powder-actuated tools operate like loaded guns.
As such, powder-actuated tools should be handled with the same respect and safety precautions as guns.
When using powder-actuated always wear safety glasses or a face shield, a hard hat and hearing protection.
Always keep tools pointed in a safe direction and never point powder-actuated tools at anyone.
Powder-actuated should be loaded just before use.
Do not carry loaded tools from job to job and like a loaded gun never leave a loaded powder-actuated tool unattended.
Check the chamber to see that the barrel is clean and free from any obstruction, before using the tool.
Powder-actuated tools should be used at right angles to the work surface.
Never use the tool where flammable or explosive vapours, dust or similar substances are present.
Never place your hand over the front (muzzle) end of a loaded tool.
Charge cartridges are color-coded to indicate their strength.
Always check that the cartridge is appropriate for work being done. Conduct a first trial by using the weakest or lowest strength charge cartridge.
Provide adequate ventilation in confined spaces where powder-actuated tools are used.
If the tool misfired, hold the tool in the fixing position for at least 10 seconds.
Keep the tool pointed in a direction that will not cause injury to you or others and unload the defective cartridge with extreme caution.
As with pneumatic tools you should avoid using pneumatic tools on easily penetrated materials and do not drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material
Easily penetrable material without proper backing
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18. Liquid Fuel Tools General Safety Practices
Only use in well-ventilated area
The carbon monoxide generated can displace or deplete oxygen
Before refilling a fuel-powered tool fuel tank, shut down the engine and allow it to cool
Fuel fumes combined with the heat from the tool could explode
Use only Type 1 or Type 2 approved flammable liquid containers
Clean up any spills from the refueling process
The following best practices should be followed when using a fuel-powered tool such as a chain saw.
Operate the tool in well-ventilated areas only – The carbon monoxide generated can displace or deplete oxygen
Check the air filter and clean when needed.
Check the muffler spark arrestor screen, if present. Spark arrestor screens help reduce the risk of fire
Do not start a saw unless it is at least 10 feet from any approved fuel safety containers.
Before refilling a fuel-powered tool fuel tank, shut down the engine and allow it to cool – Fuel fumes combined with the heat from the tool could explode
Use only Type 1 or Type 2 approved flammable liquid containers
Use funnel or spout for pouring. Wipe off any spills. Clean up any spills from the refueling process
Avoid contact with the muffler as serious skin burns may result.
We will now look at specific hazard avoidance best practices with some of the more commonly used power tools
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19. Safety Best Practice - Circular Saws
Always use sharp blades - dull blades cause binding, stalling and possible kickback
Check blades carefully before each use for proper alignment and possible defects
Be sure all cords are out of the blade path and are sufficiently long to freely complete the cut
Clamp materials whenever possible - never hold a work piece in your hand when sawing
Set blade depth to no more than 1/4 inch greater than the thickness of the material being cut
Always allow the blade to reach full speed before the work piece is contacted
NEVER overreach and NEVER reach under the saw or work piece
Never use circular saw for cutting logs, or roots, trimming trees or shrubs
First we will talk about circular saws.
Circular saws are one of the most common power tools in use today – they also pose a number of hazards if not used properly.
The first safety requirement when using a circular saw is to always wear safety glasses or a face shield.
Before using the saw check the retracting lower blade guard to make certain it works freely and check the saw for proper blade rotation.
Ensure that the blade that you have selected is sharp enough to do the job – sharp blades work better and are safer.
And always disconnect the power cord before changing or adjusting blades.
While the saw is unplugged, set the depth of the blade and lock it in place.
The depth should be set so that the lowest tooth does not extend more than about 1/4 inch greater than the thickness of the material being cut
Be sure to keep all electrical cords clear of cutting area.
Clamp materials whenever possible - never hold a work piece in your hand when sawing
You should always allow the blade to reach full operating speed before the work piece is contacted with the saw blade
You should NEVER overreach and NEVER reach under the saw or work piece when the saw is operating
With the appropriate blade, circular saws are capable of cutting wood, steel, masonry, and ceramic tile – they should Never be used for cutting logs or roots, or for trimming trees or shrubs
Remember that circular saws are designed for right-hand operation; left-handed operation will demand more care to operate safely.
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20. Safety Best Practice - Reciprocating Saws
Always use sharp blades - dull blades cause binding, stalling and possible kickback
Only use the blade specifically recommended for the job being done
Be sure all cords are out of the blade path and are sufficiently long to freely complete the cut
Position yourself to maintain full control of the tool, and avoid cutting above shoulder height
The work piece must be clamped securely, and the shoe of the saw held firmly against the work
When making anything other than a through cut, allow the tool to come to a complete stop before removing the blade from the work piece.
Remember that the blade and blade clamp may be hot immediately after cutting
Avoid contact until they have cooled
A reciprocating saw is also commonly used in construction and demolition work.
As with a circular saw, always wear safety glasses or a face shield when using a reciprocating saw.
Only use the blade specifically recommended for the job being done
Disconnect the power cord before changing or adjusting blades and you should always use sharp blades - dull blades can cause binding, stalling and possible kickback
Be sure all cords are out of the blade path and are sufficiently long to freely complete the cut
Hold reciprocating saw with both hands and position yourself to maintain full control of the tool.
Avoid cutting above shoulder height with a reciprocating saw
The work piece must be clamped securely, and the shoe of the saw held firmly against the work
Do not start cutting until the saw reaches its full power.
When making anything other than a through cut, allow the tool to come to a complete stop before removing the blade from the work piece.
Remember that the blade and blade clamp may be hot immediately after cutting
Avoid contact until they have cooled
When cutting metals, you should use a lubricating solution to prevent the blade from overheating.
Do not put down a saw until the motor has stopped.
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21. Safety Best Practice - Jig/Saber Saws
Check that the blades are secured in position before plugging in
Make sure the cord is not in the line of cut
Firmly position the tool's base plate/shoe on the work piece before turning on the tool
Keep your hands and fingers well clear of moving parts
After making partial cuts, turn off and remove the blade from the work piece only after the blade has fully stopped
Maintain firm contact between the base and the material being cut, throughout cutting procedures
Remember that the blade and blade clamp may be hot immediately after cutting
Keep your hands away until cooled down
Never overreach
Check that the blades are secured in position before plugging in
Make sure the cord is not in the line of cut
Firmly position the tool's base plate/shoe on the work piece before turning on the tool
Keep your hands and fingers well clear of moving parts
After making partial cuts, turn off and remove the blade from the work piece only after the blade has fully stopped
Maintain firm contact between the base and the material being cut, throughout cutting procedures
Remember that the blade and blade clamp may be hot immediately after cutting
Keep your hands away until cooled down
Never overreach
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22. Safety Best Practice - Drills
Be sure the trigger switch actuates properly. If equipped with a lock-on, be sure it releases freely
Be sure the chuck is tightly secured to the spindle
Tighten the drill bit securely as prescribed by the manual
Check auxiliary handles, to be sure they are securely installed
Never force a drill — apply only enough pressure to keep the drill bit cutting smoothly
If the drill binds in the work, release the trigger immediately — unplug the drill from the power source, and then remove the bit from the work piece.
Never attempt to free a jammed bit by starting and stopping the drill.
Unplug the tool before changing bits, accessories or attachments
The powered hand drill is probably the most common power tool in use today. While using drill may seem second nature, it is important to remember the following safety tips.
Always wear safety glasses or a face shield when using a drill.
The drill air vents should be kept clear to allow adequate ventilation and prevent overheating.
Be sure the trigger switch actuates properly and if the drill is equipped with a trigger lock-on, be sure it releases freely
It so equipped, check auxiliary handles, to be sure they are securely installed
Be sure the chuck is tightly secured to the spindle and that the drill bit is both sharp and appropriate for the job
Disconnect power supply before changing or adjusting the bit or attachments.
Tighten the drill bit securely in the chuck as prescribed by the operator manual
Inspect all cords for frays or damage before each use and keep all cords clear of the cutting area during use.
Clamp stock so work will not twist or spin – You should never drill with one hand while holding the material with your other hand.
Never force a drill — apply only enough pressure to keep the drill bit cutting smoothly
If the drill binds in the work, release the trigger immediately — disconnect the drill from the power source, and then remove the bit from the work piece.
Never attempt to free a jammed bit by starting and stopping the drill.
Always drill a smaller "pilot" hole before drilling large holes and slow the rate of feed just before breaking through the surface.
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23. Safety Best Practice - Blind Operations
A "blind" operation is any circumstance using any type of saw, drill or other cutting or penetrating tool where you can't see behind what is being cut
When making a bind cut or drilling operation be sure that hidden electrical wiring, water pipes or any mechanical hazards are not in the blade path
If wires are present, they must be disconnected at the power source by a qualified person or avoided
Contact with live wires could cause lethal shock or fire
Water pipes should be drained and capped
Always hold the tool by the insulated grasping surfaces
Before we move away from saws and drill, we need to talk about two situations common to both types of power tools – a blind operation and kick back.
A "blind" operation is any circumstance using any type of saw or drill where you can't see behind what is being cut or drilled
When making a bind cut or drilling operation you must be sure that hidden electrical wiring, water pipes or any mechanical hazards are not in the path of the tool
Contact with live wires could cause lethal shock or fire -- if energized electrical wires are present, a qualified person must disconnect them at the power source before proceeding
Water pipes should also be drained and capped before attempting a blind operation
Always hold the tool by the insulated handle surfaces and wear safety glasses or a face shield
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK!
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24. Safety Best Practice - Kickback
Kickback is a sudden, uncontrolled reaction to a pinched blade, causing the tool to lift up and out of the work piece toward the operator
Misuse, buildup of sap or dirt on the blade, insufficient set, dullness, and unguided cuts, can all cause kickback
Avoid kickback by…
Keeping saw blades sharp
Having proper amount of set in the teeth
Keeping saw blades clean
Support large panels so they will not pinch the blade
Never set a blade deeper than is required to cut the work piece – no more than ¼ inch greater than the thickness of the stock
Release the switch immediately if the blade binds or the saw stalls
Kickback is a sudden, uncontrolled reaction to a pinched blade, causing the tool to lift up and out of the work piece toward the operator.
Misuse, buildup of sap on the blades, insufficient set, dullness, overheating the blade and unguided cuts, can all cause kickback.
The following specific precautions can help prevent kickback:
Keep saw blades sharp – a sharp blade will tend to cut its way out of a pinching condition.
Make sure the blade has adequate set in the teeth. Tooth set provides clearance between the sides of the blade and the work piece, thus minimizing the probability of binding.
Some saw blades have hollow ground sides instead of tooth set to provide clearance.
Keep saw blades clean. A buildup of pitch or sap on the surface of the saw blade increases the thickness of the blade and also increases the friction on the blade surface.
Be very cautious of stock that is knotty or warped. These are most likely to create pinching conditions and possible kickback.
Always support large panels so they will not pinch the blade and use a straight edge as a guide for ripping.
Never remove the saw from a cut while the blade is rotating.
Never use a bent, broken or warped saw blade. The probability of binding and resultant kickback is greatly increased by these conditions.
Release the switch immediately if the blade binds or the saw stalls.
Never set a blade deeper than is required to cut the work piece – no more than 1/4 in. greater than the thickness of the stock is sufficient.
This minimizes the amount of saw blade surface exposed and reduces the probability and severity if any kickback does occur.
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25. Safety Best Practice - Sanders
Sanding dust can be highly explosive if the concentration becomes too great
Insure the work area has adequate ventilation
Always use of exhaust type systems or bag collection
Check the power supply be sure the switch and switch lock are in the "off” position
Always use the appropriate size disk or belt
Use jigs or fixtures to hold your work piece whenever possible
When sanding, always be aware of the cord location
Never force a sander - the weight of the tool applies adequate pressure
Do not expose the tool to liquids, or to use in wet locations
When adjusting the tracking of the belt be certain to avoid accidental contact with yourself or other objects
Sanding is often a prolonged operation. You must exercise caution and alertness to avoid injuries, such as skin abrasions, that can result from contacting the sanding medium or other moving parts-belts, pulleys, and arbors.
Always wear safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields and Use a dust mask in dusty work conditions.
Adequate ventilation of your work area is very important when using any type of sander.
The use of exhaust type systems or bag collection is also recommended.
It is important to remember that dust can explode if the concentration becomes too great – Wood dust and the finishes from woodwork are highly combustible.
It should never be necessary to force a portable sander – The weight of the tool applies adequate pressure.
Forcing too much pressure can cause stalling, overheating of the tool, burning of the work piece, and possible kickback of the tool or work piece.
With portable sanders be careful not to expose the tool to liquids, or to use in damp, wet locations.
Keep power supply and extension cords from entanglement with the moving parts of the sander. Damaged cords can result in an electrical shock.
When adjusting the tracking of the belt on a portable sander be certain that you have the sander supported and positioned to avoid accidental contact with yourself or adjacent objects.
Use jigs or fixtures to hold your work piece whenever possible
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26. Safety Best Practice - Grinders
Test grinding wheels before mounting by tapping the wheel lightly with a nonmetallic implement
If it produces a ringing sound, it is in good condition.
If it sounds dull, replace the wheel
NEVER USE A CRACKED WHEEL
Use only those wheels and discs marked with a rated speed at or above the speed rating on the nameplate of the tool
Never operate a grinder without the proper guards in place
Always allow the wheel to come up to full speed before you contact the work piece
Do not apply excessive pressure to the wheel or disc
Use grinding wheels when working with hard materials, and use rotary files for soft materials such as aluminum, brass, copper and wood.
Using grinding wheels on soft materials will excessively load the wheel and could cause the wheel to shatter or disintegrate
Stationary bench grinders and portable grinders basically remove material by contact with an abrasive wheel or disc, wire wheel brushes and buffing wheels.
There are safety precautions that apply to both type grinders
Always wear safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields or a full-face shield when needed.
Use a dust mask in dusty work conditions and Wear hearing protection during extended periods of operation.
Do not wear gloves, loose clothing, jewelry or dangling objects that may catch in rotating parts or accessories and be sure to tie back long hair.
Always disconnect the tool from the power source before installing or changing wheels or discs.
Use only those wheels and discs marked with a rated speed that is at least as high as or above the speed rating on the nameplate of the tool.
Never use an unmarked wheel.
Test grinding wheels before mounting by tapping the wheel lightly with a nonmetallic implement such as the handle of a screwdriver
If it produces a ringing sound, it is in good condition.
If it sounds dull, replace the wheel
NEVER USE A GRINDER WITH A CRACKED WHEEL.
If you drop a portable grinder or a wheel, inspect carefully for damage
Be careful not to over-tighten the spindle nut. Too much pressure will deform the flanges and stress the wheel.
After mounting a wheel or brush and replacing the guard, stand to the side and allow a one minute run-up at no load to test integrity of the wheel.
Always allow the grinder to come up to full speed before you contact the work piece.
Toolrests and spark guards are adjustable to compensate for wheel wear.
They must be reset when a new wheel is installed or after a wheel has been worn or dressed.
Use grinding wheels when working with hard materials, and use rotary files for soft materials such as aluminum, brass, copper and wood.
Using grinding wheels on soft materials will excessively load the wheel and could cause the wheel to shatter or disintegrate
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27. Safety Best Practice - Routers
Always disconnect the plug from the electrical outlet before changing bits or making any adjustments
Install router bits securely
Make certain that the cutter shaft is engaged in the collet at least 1/2 inch
Always face the cutter blade opening away from your body
The switch should be in the ''off '' position before plugging into the power outlet
Always allow the motor to reach full speed before feeding the router into the work
Never attempt to remove debris while the router is operating
Secure clamping devices on the work piece before operating router
When removing a router from your work piece, always be very careful not to turn the base and bit toward you
The widespread use of routers is based on their ability to perform an extensive range of smooth finishing and decorative cuts.
Your safety in operating a router starts with an understanding that it operates at a very high speed – in the 20,000 RPM range which is 15 to 25 times faster than a drill.
Always wear safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields or a full-face shield when needed.
Do not wear gloves, loose clothing, jewelry or dangling objects that may catch in rotating parts or accessories and be sure to tie back long hair
Always install router bits securely, using the wrenches provided with the tool and according to the owner/operators manual.
Keep a firm grip with both hands on your router at all times — failure to do so could result in loss of control, leading to possible serious injury.
Always face the cutter blade opening away from your body.
The switch should be in the ''off '' position before plugging into the power outlet.
When starting a router equipped with carbide tipped bits, the router should be started beneath a work bench to protect operator from a possible flying cutter should the carbide be cracked.
Do not reach underneath the work while bits are rotating and never attempt to remove debris while the router is operating.
Always disconnect the plug from the electrical outlet before changing bits or making any adjustments.
If you are changing a bit immediately after use, be careful not to touch the bit or the collet with your hands or fingers.
They could get burned because of heat build-up from cutting.
Never force a router – let the router do the work
When removing a router from your work piece, always be very careful not to turn the base and bit toward you.
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28. Safety Best Practice - Power Tool Accessories
The choice of a wrong accessory or the incorrect use can result in serious injury
Read and understand the recommendations in the owner/ operators manual for the tool, and the accessory literature.
Don't use an accessory or attachment unless:
The power tool manufacturer recommends its use on his product.
The accessory's limitations and specifications match the limitations and specification of the power tool
The use of the accessory does not require the removal of any guards,
You understand the instructions that describe the safe use of the accessory or attachment
Unplug tools before installing, adjusting, and changing any accessory or attachment of any kind
There are a very wide variety of accessories available for use on and with power tools.
Caution must be exercised when selecting or using any accessory because the wrong choice or the incorrect use of a power tool accessory can result in serious injury.
First and foremost, read and understand the recommendations in the operator’s manual for the tool, and the accessory literature.
Do not use an accessory or attachment unless:
The power tool manufacturer recommends its use on their product.
The accessory's limitations and specifications such as speed, size, mounting and guarding requirements, power requirements, etc., match the limitations and specification of the power tool.
The use of the accessory does not require the removal of any guards, barriers, or other safety related devices on the power tool.
After removing accessories or attachments, original equipment and safety devices are replaced and in proper working order.
You understand the instructions that describe the safe use of the accessory or attachment.
Be sure to disconnect the power source before installing, adjusting, and changing any accessory or attachment of any kind.
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29. Summary
Always inspect each tool as well as power cords and attachments for damage before use
Tag worn, damaged or defective tools "Out of Service" and do not use them
Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance
Always use the right tool for the job
Only operate power tools according to the manufacturer's instructions
That means Read the Instruction Manual!
Always use the appropriate protective equipment!
Remember: You are the key controlling influence that can minimize the hazard!
We have come to the conclusion of the training session on Power Tool Safety. Let’s review what we’ve learned…
Misuse accounts for the majority of accidents and injuries involving power tools followed by improper maintenance and complacency.
By following five basic safety rules, most hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented
The first rule is always inspect each tool as well as power cords and attachments for excess wear or damage before using the tool
Tag worn, damaged or defective tools "Out of Service" and do not use them
Second, keep all tools sharp and in good condition with regular maintenance.
After using a tool, clean it and put it back in its protective case or proper place.
Upon finishing with a tool, basic maintenance must be performed, such as cleaning, sharpening and oiling as necessary and storing the tool properly in accordance with manufacturer-recommended procedures.
Third, always use the right tool for the job – even if it means having to go a get another tool to complete the task
The 4th rule in mitigating power tool hazards is to only operate power tools according to the manufacturer's instructions – that means Read and Keep the tool's instruction manual, which provides safe operating instructions and also covers maintenance and safety precaution recommendations.
The 5th rule is to always use the appropriate manufacturer-recommended protective equipment
Remember, safety is a state of mind and you are the key controlling influence that can minimize the hazard and avoid accidents and injuries!
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