2. 7 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement Of Education and Management of Educational Institutions EDUC 511 Nenita P. Ogania Student Dr. Amelia P. Paje Professorial lecturer

3. Midterm Exam

4.  1850-1940  Tasks/activities  Work is measured & Specified to get results  Workers were punished or rewarded  Theorized by “father of scientific management” Frederick W. Taylor  Advanced the idea,”if there were best machine for a job so were there best ways for people to do their jobs”  1930-1950  Organizations with divisions & hierarchies in boxes  Work with detailed operating procedures (SOP’s)  Conceptualized by sociologist & political economist, Max Weber,  The departure of classical theories 1930-Present Recognition of unique individuals capabilities Human resource dep’t were created Elton Mayo, “father of human relations” believed in increasing production by humanizing working conditions Philosophy of Hegel that Classical is the Thesis, Bureaucratic is the anti-thesis Neoclassical is the synthesis or the integration of the two  Systems theory  The walis tingting philosophy  One part is integral to the other part  Contingency theory  flexibility  Adaptability  Fitting needs to a situation  The alternatives Scientific Theories (classical ) Bureaucratic Theories (Classical) Human Relations Theories (Neoclassical) Contemporary Theories

5. Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory Scientific Management approach by Taylor the concept of planning of work to achieve efficiency, standardization, specialization and simplification Individual is not a mechanical tool but a distinct social being, with aspirations beyond mere fulfillment of a few economic and security works. Weber's Bureaucratic approach by Weber -based the concept of the formal organization on principles Workgroup-highlighted the social facets of work groups or informal organizations that operate within a formal organization Administrative theory by Fayol accomplishment of tasks, and include principles of management, the concept of line and staff, committees and functions of management. Participative Management or decision making permits workers to participate in the decision making process. Classical is more CapitalistNeo-Classic is more humanistic

6. Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory -is related to wealth and introduced by Adam Smith an economist of classical school. -is related to human welfare by Marshall, an economist, described that "Economics is a science of human welfare" -stressed the formal organization. It was mechanistic and ignored major aspects of human nature -introduced an informal organization structure and emphasized the following principles: (individual,workgroup,& participative) Taylor's 'scientific management' - which focuses on work neoclassical approach - which focuses on workers.

7. Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory - is the accumulation and allocation of surplus output, and therefore their emphasis was on production and on the factors that influence the supply of goods. -focuses on individual choices, which unavoidably reflect subjective preferences and beliefs, and the allocation of given resources among alternative uses. Classical theory paid comparatively little attention to choices of individuals. as neoclassical economists theorize it, is the aggregate end product of individuals. The classical economists have made consistent efforts to explain the rise of the capitalist mode of production in terms of historical analysis. neoclassical theories are expressed in mathematical models which exclude the concept of history.

8. Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory -gave way to a perspective in which value was associated with the relationship between the object and the person obtaining the object. - abandonment of the classical theory of value based on the centrality of labor or work in the production of wealth and its replacement with the "utility" gained from the consumption of wealth. found value to be determined in production, that is, in the workshop or the factory, not the market place Is a theory of supply-and- demand the value of a commodity is determined only by its subjective scarcity its failure to reconcile the theory of the economy with the facts of the economy. Differentiated activities some orgs allow workers to do many different activities People

9. Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory from capital accumulation and growth to utility maximization and production efficiency shifted the foundation of economics from production to exchange. in general, explained the social phenomena in terms of holism aspect of methodology-the primary interests are social entities such as capitalist society. neoclassical economics is firmly grounded on a research program of methodological individualism- society is the collection of individuals. Individual wants, thoughts, and deeds combine to make society what it is.

10. Management Theory and Practice by NEGANDHI- STEFAN MODEL, which was coined into a “Performance Management Theory”. In this theory The Environment factors, affect Management Practices which are planning, organizing, staffing, motivating, directing, and controlling

11. Thank You! Nenita P. Ogania Student