2. A Trip to Aboriginal Villages Unit Unit Eleven

3. 1-3 SITUATION BEFORE READING READING VOCABULARY OR TERM EXTRA READING SENTENCE PATTERN LANGUAGE SKILL DIALOGUE WRITING GRAMMAR TIP GUIDE REMINDER Unit Unit Eleven

4. 1-4 SITUATION Home Various cultures and ethnic people characterize Taiwan. The aboriginal people have been experienced many hardships through development policies, especially to retain their culture and language. A trip to these native tribes can be an exotic experience and very informative. Tip: Learn something about aboriginal languages, unique tribal traditions and customs in order to inform your tour group.

5. 1-5 SITUATION Home Exhibition of Formosa, Austronesia--the foreigner's insights and records of Formosa in the past 300 years, and the life style of the Austronesian. 「福爾摩沙‧南島」特展中，介紹 300 年來外國人對台灣的觀察與紀錄、 以及整個南島語族生活樣貌。 資料來源：聯合知識庫

6. 1-6 BEFORE READING Home Try to know the Chinese names of the aboriginal people in Taiwan: (1) Atayal: This tribe is mainly located in the hills or mountains of northern Taiwan, like Taipei, Taoyuan,Hsinchu, or Miaoli. It is the second largest tribal group of aborigines in Taiwan.

7. 1-7 BEFORE READING Home (2) Paiwan: This tribe is mainly located in the hills or mountains of southern Taiwan, like Pingtung, or Taitung.It is the third largest tribal group in Taiwan. (3) Amis: Their traditional territory is on the long, narrow valley between the Central Mountains and the Coastal Mountains, the Pacific coastal plain eastern to the Coastal Mountains, and the Hengchun Peninsula. It is the largest tribal group in Taiwan.

8. 1-8 BEFORE READING Home (4) Seediq(Taroko or Truku): Their language is similar to the Atayal, and was once classified as a sub-branch of the Atayal.Their main territory spreads around Guoshin and Zenai country of Nantou, and along the Liwu River near Haulien. (5) Bunun: They are known for their impressive eight-tone vocal music. Their groups are gathered around the side of Jade Mountain.

9. 1-9 BEFORE READING Home (6) Rukai: They live in the mountains of southern Taiwan, mainly in Kaohsiung and Pingtung counties. (7) Tsou: This tribe is mainly distributed around Ali Mountain. (8) Puyumu: They reside in Taitung County on the east coast of Taiwan.

10. 1-10 BEFORE READING Home (9) Tau: Once known as Yami, their ancestors chose Orchid Island as their home, as they migrated from Philippines. (10) Sakizaya: They are long mistaken for the Amis, and they primarily live in the county Hualien.

11. 1-11 BEFORE READING Home (11) Saisiyat: The Saisiyat live in the western Taiwan,overlapping the border between Hsinchu County and Miaoli County. (12) Kavalan: Classified as a Plains Tribes, the Kavalan originally lived in the Yilan Plain. Most of them moved to the coastal area of Hualien County and Taitung County

12. 1-12 BEFORE READING Home (13) Pazah: Originally from the central Taiwanese areas of Taichung and Miaoli, they reside in the Ai-lan district in the central town of Puli. Due to assimilation, few of them can identify themselves as Pazah, like most Plain Tribes. (14) Thao: They live near the Sun Moon Lake and now number only about 280.

13. 1-13 BEFORE READING Home (1) 泰雅：主要在北台灣 (2) 排灣：主要在南台灣 (3) 阿美：主要分布花東縱谷、海岸山脈、恆春半 島，台灣人數最多的原住民. (4) 太魯閣族：曾歸為泰雅族，分布南投仁愛國 姓等鄉以及立霧溪靠近花蓮處. (5) 布農：八部合音聞名，線分布於玉山山麓附 近，如南投信義、高雄和平

14. 1-14 BEFORE READING Home (6) 魯凱：分布南台灣 (7) 鄒：主要分布阿里山 (8) 卑南：台東 (9) 達悟：在蘭嶼，一般稱雅美族 (10) 撒奇拉雅：長期被誤為阿美族，現主要在花 蓮。

15. 1-15 BEFORE READING Home (11) 賽夏：分布於新竹苗栗間 (12) 噶瑪蘭：屬平埔族，原分布宜蘭，現居花東 (13) 巴則：少數倖存的平埔族，居埔里愛蘭，現 只剩一位能說 Pazah (14) 邵：居日月潭附近，人數不到三百人

16. 1-16 GUIDE REMINDER Home a. The aboriginal people's language, origins and classification. b. Bunun's farm cultare and valley. The Indigenous People of Taiwan Reading Ⅰ

17. 1-17 GUIDE REMINDER Home 1 In Taiwan, The languages of the aboriginal people belong to the Austronesian family, sharing many linguistic features with other oceanic peoples, such as Filipinos, Malayans, and Indonesians. Linguists suggest that Taiwan is where this language family originates, since the greatest diversity of aboriginal languages exists among the tribes of Taiwan.

18. 1-18 GUIDE REMINDER Home They once kept many old customs within their families such as tattooing,head-hunting, spirit worship, and indoor burials. There are over 500 aboriginal prehistoric sites in Taiwan. Some items seem to be related to Indonesian tribes, including flat axes, red unglazed pottery, decorated bronze implements, megalithic structures, and glass beads. Still some items indicate a Chinese connection, like painted red pottery, red glazed pottery, chipped stone knives, black pottery, bone arrowheads, and so on. 2

19. 1-19 GUIDE REMINDER Home The aboriginal people of Taiwan are classified into the Plains Aborigines and the Mountain Aborigines. Ketagalan, Kavalan, Pazah, Thao, Siraya, and Qauqaut are identified as the Plains aborigines. Few people can speak their languages The Mountain Aborigines have a greater population, including Atayal, Seediq(Taroko), Saisiyat, Bunun, Tsao, Amis, Rukai, Paiwan, Puyumu, Tau, and Sakizaya. 3

20. 1-20 GUIDE REMINDER Home A Stay in a Bunun Village; Taitung The Bunun community is located in Yianping country. The farm is actually supported and organized by indigenous people. It is a good place to learn about Bunun culture and education, for it was founded by Reverend Bai, Kuang- Sheng (Bion in Bunun), who is a Bunun tribal member. He was crippled by polio as a child, and suffered discrimination in education and employment. 1 Reading Ⅱ

21. 1-21 GUIDE REMINDER Home As we arrive at the park area, we will be first attracted by the impressive displays of aboriginal carvings made from wood, iron and slate.Traditional markings of the indigenous people can be easily found as creative designs, integrated into tables, seats, columns, beams, and even tableware. 2

22. 1-22 GUIDE REMINDER Home In Hudiegu (Butterfly Valley), many small yellow butterflies flit among the dense foliage above. And there is a pool in which people can swim as it is about seven feet deep, and you can even jump off the rocks all around the pool. 3

23. 1-23 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home Read the following words out loud with a teacher, or read them on your own. The indigenous people of Taiwan (Reading I) anthropologists [ `$nLrD'pAlDI0st ] n. -- People who study the origins and social relationships of human beings. natural habitat of wildlife.

24. 1-24 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home Austronesian [ `Cstro'niIDn ] adj. -- The family of languages spoken in Australia, Formosa, Malaysia and Polynesia. oceanic [`oN0'$n0k ] adj. -- An eastern subfamily of Malayo-Polynesian languages.

25. 1-25 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home feature [ fitNQ ] n. -- A special or unique aspect of something. diversity [ dA0'v"sDt0 ] n. -- The quality of being different and not comparable in kind.

26. 1-26 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home tattoo [ t$'tu ] n. -- The practice of making a design on the skin by pricking and discoloring. burial [ 'bGr0Dl ] n. -- The placing of a corpse(body) in a grave.

27. 1-27 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home axe [ $ks ] n. -- An edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle. unglazed [ Dn'Elezd ] adj. -- Not having a shiny coating.

28. 1-28 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home pottery [ 'pAtDr0 ] n. -- The craft of making earthenware. bronze [ 'pAtDr0 ] n. -- An alloy(mixture) of copper and tin and sometimes other elements.

29. 1-29 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home implement [ '0mplDmDnt ] n. -- Instrumentation (a piece of equipment or tool). megalithic [ `mGED'l0L0k ] adj. -- Of a very large stone forming part of a prehistoric structure (especially in western Europe).

30. 1-30 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home bead [ bid ] n. -- A small ball with a hole through the middle. chipped [ tN0pt ] adj. -- Having a small piece broken off.

31. 1-31 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home arrowhead [ '$ro`hGd ] n. -- The pointed head or striking tip of an arrow. apiece [ D'pis ] adv. -- To or from every one of two or more (considered individually).

32. 1-32 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home A Stay in a Bunun Village; Taitung (Reading II) fond [ fAnd ] adj. -- Having a liking or affection for. authentic [ C'LGnt0k ] adj. -- True. refreshing [ r0'frGN0H ] adj. -- Giving pleasing energy.

33. 1-33 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home reverend [ 'rGvDrDnd ] n. -- Title of respect for a clergyman or spiritual leader of the Christian Church. cripple [ 'kr0pl ] n. -- Someone whose legs are disabled.

34. 1-34 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home polio [ 'pol0o ] n. -- An acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord. discrimination [ d0`skr0mD'neNDn ] n. -- Unfair treatment of a person or group..

35. 1-35 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home enhancement [ 0n'h$nsmDnt ] n. -- An improvement that makes something more agreeable. transmit [ tr$ns'm0t ] v. -- Transfer to another.

36. 1-36 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home terrace [ 'tGrDs ] n. -- A level shelf of land (with steep slopes above and below). site [ sA0t ] v. -- Assign a location to.

37. 1-37 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home carving [ 'kArv0H ] n. -- Cutting away parts to create a desired shape. slate [ slet ] n. -- Rock that can be split into thin layers.

38. 1-38 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home integrate [ '0ntD`Eret ] v. -- To make into a whole or make part of a whole. tableware [ 'tebl`wGr ] n. -- Articles for use at the table (dishes and silverware and glassware).

39. 1-39 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home breeze [ briz ] n. -- A slight wind (usually refreshing) compact disc [ kDm'p$kt d0sk ] n. -- CD;a digitally encoded recording on an optical disk.

40. 1-40 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home comforter [ 'kKmfQtQ ] n. -- Bedding made of two layers of cloth filled with stuffing and stitched together. craft [ kr$ft ] n. -- The skilled practice.

41. 1-41 VOCABULARY OR TERM Home cabin [ 'k$b0n ] n. -- A small house built of wood; usually in a wooded area foliage [ 'fol00dI ] n. -- Leaves.

42. 1-42 SENTENCE PATTERN Home a. ……account for…….... Example: Water accounts for about 70 percent of a human body. b. …….consists of …. Example: The human body consists of about 70 percent water.

43. 1-43 SENTENCE PATTERN Home c. ……….made up…. Example: TWater makes up about 70 percent of a human body.

44. 1-44 LANGUAGE SKILL Home Learn some aboriginal language. Introduce some words of an aboriginal language to your customers. 1. If you want to ask a Pawanic person where he is from, you can say, “ na kemasinu sun” ? 2. “na kemasinu sun” means “where are you from?” 3. “na kemasinu sun” is “where are you from?” in Paiwan.

45. 1-45 GRAMMAR TIP Home Sense verbs ; see hear, watch, hear, lookct, feel.

46. 1-46 GRAMMAR TIP Home E. G. ˇ The Bunun people crossing this water often heard someone sing. × The Bunun people crossing this water often heard someone sung. ˇ The tourists were looking the tiger killed on the street. × The tourists were looking the tiger killing on the street.