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Published byNoah Barnett Modified over 9 years ago
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REACTANTS: ZN + I 2 PRODUCT: ZN I 2
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A process in which at least one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change
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SYMBOLS USED IN EQUATIONS Solid ___ Liquid (l) Gas ___ Aqueous solution (aq) Catalyst H 2 SO 4 Escaping gas ( ) Change of temperature ( )
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Hydrogen H 2 Oxygen O 2 Nitrogen N 2 Fluorine F 2 Chlorine Cl 2 Bromine Br 2 Iodine I 2 I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends
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Synthesis reactions occur when two substances (generally elements) combine and form a compound. (Sometimes these are called combination or addition reactions.) reactant + reactant 1 product GENERAL FORM : A + B AB Example: 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O Example: C + O 2 CO 2 CC
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Here is another example of a synthesis reaction
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Predict the products. Write and balance the following synthesis reaction equations. Sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas Na (s) + Cl 2(g) Solid Magnesium reacts with fluorine gas Mg (s) + F 2(g) Aluminum metal reacts with fluorine gas Al (s) + F 2(g)
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Practice Synthesis ANSWERS 1. NaCl 2 2. MgF 2 3. AlF 2
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Decomposition reactions occur when a compound breaks up into the elements or in a few to simpler compounds 1 Reactant Product + Product General Form: AB A + B Example: 2 H 2 O 2H 2 + O 2 Example: 2 HgO 2Hg + O 2
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Another view of a decomposition reaction
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Predict the products. Then, write and balance the following decomposition reaction equations: Solid Lead (IV) oxide decomposes PbO 2(s) Aluminum nitride decomposes AlN (s)
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Practice Decomposition Answers 1. PbO 2 Pb +O 2 2. AlN 2 -> Al +N 2
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Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound. A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-). element + compound element + compound GENERAL FORM: A + BC AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC BA + C (if A is a nonmetal) (remember the cation always goes first!) When H 2 O splits into ions, it splits into H + and OH - (not H+ and O -2 !!)
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PRACTICE 1. Write and balance the following single replacement reaction equation: Zinc metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid Zn (s) + HCl (aq) ZnCl 2 + H 2(g)
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2. Sodium chloride solid reacts with fluorine gas NaCl (s) + F 2(g) NaF (s) + Cl 2(g) Note that fluorine replaces chlorine in the compound NOW SOLVE ON YOUR OWN AND BALANCE 3. Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate Al (s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2(aq) Practice
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Practice Single Displacement Answers 1. Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl 2 +H 2 2. 2NaCl +F 2 -> 2NaF +Cl 2 3. Al + Cu (NO 3 ) 2 -> Al(NO 3 ) 2 + Cu
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Double Replacement Reactions occur when a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound Compound + compound compound+ compound General Form: AB + CD AD + CB
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Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together Example: AgNO 3(aq) + NaCl (s) AgCl (s) + NaNO 3(aq) Another example: K 2 SO 4(aq) + Ba(NO 3 ) 2(aq) KNO 3(aq) + BaSO 4(s)
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Predict the products and Balance the equation 1. HCl (aq) + AgNO 3(aq) 2. CaCl 2(aq) + Na 3 PO 4(aq) 3. Pb(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + BaCl 2(aq) 4. FeCl 3(aq) + NaOH (aq) 5. H 2 SO 4(aq) + NaOH (aq) 6. KOH (aq) + CuSO 4(aq)
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Double Displacement Practice Answers 1. HCl + AgNO 3 -> HNO 3 + AlCl CaCl 2 +Na 3 PO 4 -> CaPO 4 +NaCl Pb(NO 3 ) 2 +BaCl 2 -> PbCl 2 + Ba (NO 3 ) 2
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Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas. This is also called burning!!! In order to burn something you need the 3 things in the “fire triangle”: 1) A Fuel (hydrocarbon) 2) Oxygen to burn it with 3) Something to ignite the reaction (spark)
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Combustion Reactions In general: C x H y + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Products in combustion are ALWAYS carbon dioxide and water. (although incomplete burning does cause some by-products like carbon monoxide) Combustion is used to heat homes and run automobiles (octane, as in gasoline, is C 8 H 18 )
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Combustion Reactions Edgar Allen Poe’s drooping eyes and mouth are potential signs of CO poisoning.
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