1. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Nonferrous Alloys ( 비철금속 ) More expensive than ferrous metals. Applications: aluminium for aircraft bodies copper wire titanium for jet-engine turbine blades tantalum for rocket engines

2. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU 2 Nonferrous Alloys( 비철금속 ) NonFerrous Alloys Al Alloys -low  : 2.7 g/cm 3 -Cu, Mg, Si, Mn, Zn additions -solid sol. or precip. strengthened (struct. aircraft parts & packaging) Mg Alloys -very low  : 1.7g/cm 3 -ignites easily -smartphone Refractory metals -high melting T’s -Nb, Mo, W, Ta Noble metals -Ag, Au, Pt -oxid./corr. resistant Ti Alloys -relatively low  : 4.5 g/cm 3 vs 7.9 for steel -reactive at high T’s -space applic. Cu Alloys Brass : Zn is subst. impurity (costume jewelry, coins, corrosion resistant) Bronze: Sn, Al, Si, Ni are subst. impurities (bushings, landing gear) Cu-Be: precip. hardened for strength

3. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Copper alloys Copper alloys( 구리합금 ) have electrical and mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity and wear resistance. Applications are electronic components, springs and heat exchangers. Brass( 황동 ) is an alloy of copper and zinc (Zn 30%). Applications are costume jewelry, coins, corrosion resistant. Bronze( 청동 ) is an alloy of copper and tin (Sn 10%, Al, Si, Ni). Applications are bushings, landing gear.

4. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Aluminium alloys Factors for selecting Aluminum (Al) alloys are: High strength to weight ratio ( 2.7 g/cm 3 ) Resistance to corrosion High thermal and electrical conductivity Ease of machinability Non-magnetic Ex) A7075 A6061 A5052

5. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Magnesium alloys Magnesium (Mg) is the lightest metal (1.7g/cm 3 ). It ignites easily. Typical uses of magnesium alloys are the frame of electric device like as smart phone.

6. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Nickel alloys Nickel (Ni) has strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance to metals. Used in stainless steels and nickel-base alloys at chemical and food processing industry (Nikel200). Inconel 600 (Cr 15% Fr8%) alloys are used for high temperature applications, such as jet-engine components and rockets.

7. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Superalloys Superalloys ( 초합금 ) are high-temperature alloys use in jet engines and gas turbines. Ex) IN-100 -102, Inconel 625 718, MAR-M 200 432 …

8. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Titanium alloys Titanium (Ti) is expensive, has high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. Relatively low density 4.5 g/cm 3. Used as components for aircrafts, jet-engines, racing- cars and medical equipments. Ex) Ti-6AI-4V

9. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Refractory metals Refractory metals ( 고용융점 금속 ) have a high melting point and retain their strength at elevated temperatures. Applications are electronics, nuclear power and chemical industries. Molybdenum, columbium, tungsten, and tantalum (Nb, Mo, W, Ta) are referred to as refractory metal.

10. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Other nonferrous metals 1.Beryllium (Be) 2.Zirconium (Zr) 3.Low-melting-point ( 저 용융점 ) metals: - Lead (Pb, 납 ) - Zinc (Zn, 아연 ) - Tin (Sn, 주석 ) 4.Precious metals ( 귀금속 ): - Gold (Ag, 금 ) - Silver (Au, 은 ) - Platinum (Pt, 백금 )

11. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Special metals and alloys 1.Shape-memory alloys 2.Amorphous alloys 3.Nanomaterials 4.Metal foams

12. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Korea Zink ( 고려아연 ) Zinc (Zn) : Galvanized steel plate(pipe, wire), color steel plate, automobile part, machine/electronic part, anti- corrosion paint Lead (Pb) : Automobile and industrial battery, electric wire coating, radiation shielder Copper, God, Silver, Indium, nickel, bismuth, antimony trioxide, palladium, platinum, cadmium, gallium, germanium, tellurium, cobalt

13. Metal Alloys Manufacturing Processes © 2013 Su-Jin Kim, GNU Poongsan ( 풍산 ) Copper (Cu) : sheet & strips, tubes, rods, coin blanks, semiconductor leadframe