1. Embracing Web 2.0 in an Education 1.0 Universe Andy Carvin PBS learning.now andycarvin@yahoo.com www.pbs.org/learningnow www.andycarvin.com

2. A Quick Overview Internet history Internet in education Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 Blogs, Podcasts, Vlogs The Digital Divide Content producers Online Social Networks Copyright Open Content Creative Commons PLoS Wikipedia ICT literacy Web 3.0 Are schools ready? PBS learning.now

3. A Quick History of the Internet Late 60s: first TCP/IP Network Decentralized - to survive nuclear holocaust 70s-80s: Utilized for research, academia Early communities: e-lists, USENET Late 80s: Web invented Early 90s: Networks privatized 1995: AOL opens Web gateway …and the rest is history….

4. The Internet Goes to School Late 80s: First schools gain Net access Early projects: IEARN, Kidlink, GSHIEARNKidlinkGSH 1994: Just 4% of classrooms online NetDay ‘96: Volunteers wire schools E-Rate: Federal subsidies for Internet access Today: Nearly 100% of schools online, 90%+ of classrooms, 70%+ of students at home

5. Who’s Producing the Content? Until recently, to produce content for a large audience you needed to be a... Publisher Broadcaster Billboard owner Pilot flying a sign-dragging airplane Guy holding up signs at televised football game

6. Enter stage left: Web 1.0 Most people read the Net instead of producing for it, because producers needed: HTML coding skills Programming skills Graphic design skills Hosting ability Promotion mechanisms

7. Creating a Content-Friendly, People Friendly Internet Late 1990s: New classes of online software to simplify content creation Allowed people to focus on ideas and creativity rather than technical know-how “The Read-Write Web” AKA “Web 2.0” AKA “We Media”

8. Example: Blogs Early days: online geeks posted personal homepages or diaries (example: me)me Blogging software made online publishing easy; anyone with Internet can do it Fill-out-a-form publishing Today: 60-100 million+ blogs online

9. Podcasting & Vlogging Podcasting: blogs with audio content Vlogging: blogs with video content Both use RSS to allow user subscriptions iTunes is the big gorilla in the market Now, thousands of podcasters and vloggers creating their own content streams Example: Atlantic City Rough CutsAtlantic City Rough Cuts

10. Social Software and the Democratization of Content classblogmeister.com: edublogging tool classblogmeister.com flickr.com: photo blogging community flickr.com epnweb.org: education podcast network epnweb.org blip.tv: make your own video blog blip.tv youtube.com: 100 m videos downloaded daily youtube.com Common thread: Online communities where people are actively encouraged to use and share each other’s original content

11. But What About The Digital Divide? About 70% of US households online African American households lag behind whites Disparities based on income, education level Pew: 80% of English-speaking Latinos online? Pew The more people are online, the worse off are those without access

12. Content Production: Everybody’s Doin’ It 48 mil Americans have posted content online One in 12 Internet users publish a blog One in four have shared original content Young people more likely to post content Race, income, education less of a factor Latinos, African Americans slightly more likely to post online content than whites Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project, Home Broadband Adoption 2006Home Broadband Adoption 2006

13. Online Social Networks Websites that focus on community Encourage interaction, discussion, debate Public member profiles User-generated content Often target specific audiences

14. We’ve All Heard of This….

15. But What About This?

16. Or This?

18. Dealing with Copyright Historically there were two extremes: Give it away (ie, public domain) Maintain strict control (ie, all rights reserved) For Internet content to thrive, we needed middle ground.

19. The Growth of “Open Content” Emphasis on “Access to Knowledge” Content published on liberal license Freely available to the public Encouraging user contributions Sometimes peer reviewed, sometimes not

20. Example: Creative Commons Popular copyright strategy used by bloggers, online communities Creates spectrum of choices for copyright choices based on creator’s comfort level e.g., noncommercial use only, citation, don’t alter my content “Share Alike” license - require users to pass along original intent of your copyright licenseShare Alike New: “Developing Nations” licenseDeveloping Nations

21. Example: Public Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Reinventing traditional publishing model Authors pay fee to have research considered rather than charging high subscription fees Journals published on paper, online Libraries no longer forced to pay high fees Articles openly available to the public using an Attribution Creative Commons licenseAttribution

22. The Wiki Revolution Online workspaces where anyone can read, write, edit documents Previous edits trackable; virtual “paper trail” Encourages group collaboration Wiki=Hawaiian for “quick” Wiki Wiki People Mover Examples: PBWiki.com, MediaWikiPBWiki.comMediaWiki

23. The Wild World of Wikipedia The world’s largest encyclopedia Launched in 2001 1,000,000+ entries in 200+ languages A magnet for controversy

24. The Central Issue Pro: Anyone can create or edit Wikipedia entries Con: Anyone can create or edit Wikipedia entries

25. The Siegenthaler Controversy John Siegenthaler Sr. visits Wikipedia Entry claims he was involved in JFK’s death Entry Remained on Wikipedia for months Seigenthaler demands its removal Wiki activists insist he edit it himself Seigenthaler writes USA Today op/ed Result: No more anonymous entry creation

26. Students Expose Sex Offender Young man tries to enroll in school Claims to be Caspian James Crichton-Stuart IV, 5th Duke of Cleveland, ie “Your Grace”Duke of Cleveland Students research Duke of Cleveland on Wikipedia Identify person who edited entry: Joshua GardnerJoshua Gardner Discover Gardner on national sex offender registry Who was Joshua Gardner? The young man trying to enroll in school.

27. Wikis and Free Speech: Wikipedia and China Chinese Wikipedia grows rapidly Chinese govt keeps blocking it Officials upset Wikipedia doesn’t reflect official line

28. A Threat to One-Party Rule? “Foreign media reports suggest that as many as 1,000 protestors were killed.” Neutral statement of fact - or disseminating subversive propaganda?

29. Give-it-away, Give-it-away, Give-it-away Now Wikipedia allows anyone to copy, edit, disseminate content for any purpose Content copied by other sites, eg answers.com When Wikipedia is updated, other copies not necessarily updated promptly Concern: You could cite three separate online sources - all originating from Wikipedia

30. Potential Solutions? Requiring multiple citations for everything Discouraging anonymous Wikipedians (but what about wiki dissidents?) Highlighting entries vetted by experts The eBay model: allowing users to rank entries, Wikipedians according to trust, accuracy

31. If You Can’t Beat ‘em.... Wikipedia as research exercise Assign Wikipedia entries to students Students examine entries’ accuracy Use multiple sources to correct entries “Final” version given seal of approval

32. More Pedias Than You Can Shake a Stick At Wiki software often free or open source Thousands of wikis now online Buffalopedia... Turkopedia...Golfopedia... Ethiopedia... Jazzopedia... Supportblogging.com: Wiki on edublogging Content created for the community, by the community

33. Whom Do You Trust in a World of Open Content? Recent wiki controversies make educators nervous Many users don’t know wikis are a work-in- progress Delaware Supreme Court: blogs, online forums inherently “untrustworthy”

34. What’s More Reliable? Is offline content “better” than online content? Are lines blurring?

35. What’s Needed: ICT Literacy Technical skills Content generation skills Research skills Information literacy Media literacy Online safety and responsibility

36. What’s Next? Web 3.0, of course! The read/write/execute Web Users executing their own scripts Tools that let you build online, create software Immersive virtual environments, user controlled Example: Second LifeSecond Life

37. Are Schools Ready? The Jury’s Still Out Many schools just getting comfy with Web 1.0 Blogs sometimes get bad press Congress: Force schools to filter Web 2.0 sites Districts blocking Blogger.com, MySpace, Wikipedia Wikipedia now blocking school districts! Established Web 2.0 education projects popular overseas, not here (Cyberfair, IEARN, ThinkQuest)CyberfairIEARNThinkQuest Web 2.0 projects are inherently constructivist But does NCLB make them irrelevant?

38. PBS learning.now www.pbs.org/learningnow

39. Thanks! Andy Carvin andycarvin@yahoo.com www.pbs.org/learningnow www.andycarvin.com ebook.telecentre.org Presentation: www.andycarvin.com/buffalo.ppt