1. 11th ASEAN Regional Forum Heads of Defense Universities/Colleges/Institutions Meeting October Canberra, Australia
TRANSFORMING PHILIPPINE DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION TO COPE WITH FUTURE CHALLENGES
Mr Chairman, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen:
My delegation joins the other delegations of the ARFHDUCI to the Commander, ADC and his organizing staff for the wonderful arrangements made during this 11th meeting.
I have chosen the topic, TRANSFORMING PHILIPPINE DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION TO COPE WITH FUTURE CHALLENGES as it fits in very nicely with a current effort we are undertaking in the Philippine DND.
Commodore Carlos L Agustin AFP (Ret) President, National Defense College of the Philippines

2. Outline of Presentation
Introduction: The Strategic Environment and the Role of the Armed Forces
Responding to Challenges Through Professional Defense and Military Education
Conclusion: The Way Forward in Defense Education
Outline of Presentation
1. Introduction: The Strategic Environment and the Role of the Armed Forces
2. Responding to Challenges Through Professional Defense and Military Education
3. The Way Forward in Defense Education
4. Conclusion

3. I. INTRODUCTION: THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES
Additional roles apart from territorial defense
The 21st Century ushered in a more complex and uncertain strategic environment
Threats involve challenges from internal and external sources of instability
Additional roles apart from territorial defense –policeman, responder, peacemaker, builder, teacher, doctor.
The 21st Century ushered in a more complex and uncertain strategic environment
These challenges include threats emanating from internal and external sources of instability

4. Operations Other Than War
Internal security operations
Counter-terrorism
Disaster response
Support to national development
International humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping operations
Others
The AFP is today performing many missions under the generic heading of MOOW. These include:
1.Internal security operations
2.Counter-terrorism
3.Disaster response
4.Support to national development
5.International humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping operations
6.Others

5. Threats to Internal Security
Communist Party of the Philippines-New People’s Army
(CPP-NPA)
Southern Philippines: Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (MILF-BIAF), MNLF splinter groups
Terrorism: Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), Rajah Sulayman Movement (RSM) and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)
Our three main internal security threats are:
1.Communist Party of the Philippines-New People’s Army (CPP-NPA)
2.Southern Philippines: Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (MILF-BIAF), MNLF splinter groups
3.Terrorism: Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), Rajah Sulayman Movement (RSM) and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

6. CPP/NPA Personnel Strength, Firearms, Affected Barangays, and Guerilla Fronts (1978-1st Sem of 2006)
Allow me to show how the decision to give COIN back to the DND-AFP. This chart clearly showed to us that the decision to let the DND-AFP do into the external defense mode by 1997 was in error.
Source: J2
Strength
Firearms
Affected Brgys
Guerilla Fronts

7. Support to National Development
Delivery basic services in rebel-infested areas
Kalayaang Barangay (Freedom Villages) Program
Performance of certain critical government functions
Army Literacy Patrol System (ALPS)
Military assistance for transport and security in certain areas.
Support to national infrastructure development
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Transformation of conflict-affected areas to peace and development zones
Other services
Conflict Resolution and Peace Building
Support to National Development
Delivery basic services in rebel-infested areas
Assistance to Kalayaang Barangay (Freedom Villages) Program --a government economic grassroots program aimed at bringing basic government services such as health, education and livelihood to far-flung towns and barangays.
Performance of certain critical government functions
Army Literacy Patrol System (ALPS)
Military assistance for transport and security in certain areas.
Support to national infrastructure development
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
(creation in Sep 2007 of the AFP National Development Command)
Other services
Transformation of conflict-affected areas to peace and development zones
Conflict Resolution and Peace Building

8. Disaster Management
Disaster Emergency Assistance Rescue and Relief Training (DEART)
Assistance to disaster affected areas
Search and rescue operations
Transport of relief supplies
Provide personnel and logistics to secure or evacuate an area
Disaster Management
The Secretary of National Defense is a member of the National Disaster Coordinating Council. The Office of Civil Defenseunder the DND handles the planning, administration and management of the emergency management function.
Tasks and functions:
Disaster Emergency Assistance Rescue and Relief Training (DEART)
Assistance to disaster affected areas
Search and rescue operations
Transport relief supplies
Provide personnel and logistics to secure or evacuate an area

9. Whole of Government Approach
LEFT HAND
RIGHT HAND
Insurgency Secessionism Terrorism
Poverty
Underdevelopment
Lack of Education
Lack of Basic Services
MILITARY
DEVELOPMENT
All of these are geared toward supporting the total development effort of the government. For without development in today’s developing country environment, there can never be security and vice versa.
This is because unless most of the people are satisfied in a free society it is often easy to influence people power to unwittingly support those organized to overthrow the government or spawn.
This is likewise reflected in the National Internal Security Plan or NISP.
RIGHT HAND
LEFT HAND

10. AFP in Peacekeeping TOTAL AFP PERSONNEL DEPLOYED: 351 MINUSTAH Haiti
Troops: 157
UNMIT
Timor-Leste
Military Observers: 3
UNMIL
Liberia
Troops: 170
Military Observers: 3
UNMIS
Sudan
Military Observers 13
In International Humanitarian Assistance and Peacekeeping
Cognizant of the need to assist in maintaining international peace and order, the philippines has been involved in various UN peacekeeping missions. The 12 Sep data from the UN website shows that we have 351 military personnel as shown peacekeepers in Haiti, 3 observers in Timor Leste, 13 observers in Sudan, 3 peacekeepers and 2 observers in Cote d’Ivoire, and 170 peacekeepers and 3 observers in Liberia.
UNOCI
Cote d’Ivoire
Troops: 3
Military Observers: 2
TOTAL AFP PERSONNEL DEPLOYED: 351

11. II. RESPONDING TO CHALLENGES THROUGH PROFESSIONAL DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION
“The possession of an extensive body of knowledge is central to the professionalization of a military corps.” – Samuel Huntington
II. RESPONDING TO CHALLENGES THROUGH PROFESSIONAL DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION
“The possession of an extensive body of knowledge is central to the professionalization of a military corps.” – Samuel Huntington
While this quote comes from Huntington, former US Navy Secretary Gordon England includes the need for training in his 15 rules for leadership.
Having studied this many years ago, I consider the British Samuel Pepys as one of the foremost proponents of career development in any navy.

12. Professional Military Education in the Philippines
National Defense College
of the Philippines (NDCP)
Strategic
Command and General Staff College (CGSC)
Operational
Professio0nal military education in the Philippines can be described as shown
At the bottom is the Philippine Military Academy, a tri-service military school. It is buy no means the only source of officers.
At the strategic level PME aims to produce critical thinkers who view military affairs in the broadest context, can evaluate and identify probable changes, and who can develop and execute defense strategies for national security and national policy.
Air Education and
Training Command
(AETC)
Training and
Doctrine Command
(TRADOC)
Naval Education and
Training Command
(NETC)
Tactical
Philippine Military Academy (PMA)

13. Policy and curriculum review:
Professional Military Education
in the Philippines
Policy and curriculum review:
AFP Education and Training Board
Review various education and training programs of the AFP (CGSC and other AFP and services schools)
Identify courses and programs to address military needs and requirements
Conduct of regular program and curriculum reviews
DND Special Committee on Education and Training
Review various education and training programs of the DND-AFP
Identify courses and programs to address defense needs and requirements
Ongoing Philippine Defense review (PDR)
Policy and curriculum review:
AFP Education and Training Board
Review various education and training programs of the AFP (CGSC and other AFP and services schools)
Identify courses and programs to address military needs and requirements
Conduct of regular program and curriculum reviews
DND Special Committee on Education and Training
Review various education and training programs of the DND-AFP
Identify courses and programs to address defense needs and requirements
Fulfill the goals of national security and strategic policy
Ongoing Philippine Defense review (PDR)

14. National Defense College of the Philippines
“National Security is the concern of all sectors of society, not just the military”
Whole-of-government approach
Master in National Security Administration (MNSA) subjects:
National Security
Policy Studies
Human Rights
Development and Economics
National Defense College of the Philippines
“National Security is the concern of all sectors of society, not just the military”
Whole-of-government approach
Master in National Security Administration (MNSA) subjects:
National Security
Policy Studies
Human Rights
Development and Economics

15. CAPSTONE Course
First conducted in 2003: Four-week finishing course for generals and flag officers
Objectives:
Expose course participants to dynamics of national security and develop strategy formulation
Enhance and develop power factors and dimensions in pursuit of national development
Next CAPSTONE Course on November 2007
Capstone Course
First conducted in 2003: Four-week finishing course for generals and flag officers
Objectives:
Expose course participants to dynamics of national security and develop strategy formulation
Enhance and develop power factors and dimensions in pursuit of national development
Next CAPSTONE Course on November 2007 but could be delayed due to last minute changes currently being discussed in a workshop.

16. Other Approaches to Professional Education and Training
AFP Education and Benefits Systems Office which, provides scholarships for AFP personnel to pursue higher education
Currently considering better integration of civilian professional education in planning, support and implementation of military operations and strategy.
Promotes greater understanding of the government’s holistic approach
Considers human rights and CMO education as priorities
Other Approaches to Professional Education and Training
AFP Education and Benefits Systems Office which, provides scholarships for AFP personnel to pursue higher education
Currently considering better integration of civilian professional education in planning, support and implementation of military operations and strategy.
Promotes greater understanding of the government’s holistic approach
Considers human rights and CMO education as priorities
This last point is further explained in the next slide.

17. Human Rights in Defense Education
To address the need for greater human rights awareness within the AFP
To integrate human rights education and training in all career and specialized courses for military personnel
As a requirement for promotion within the AFP
Human Rights in Defense education
To address the need for greater human rights awareness within the AFP
To integrate human rights education and training in all career and specialized courses for military personnel
As a requirement for promotion within the AFP

18. Peacekeeping Operations Training Center
Functions: (Established 2002)
Ensure uniform training for Filipino peacekeepers and military observers
Instruct personnel on roles, duties and responsibilities of UN peacekeepers
Provide briefing on local culture and geo-politics in areas of deployment
Peacekeeping Operations Training Center
In response to the growing requirements for peacekeeping, the PKOTC was established in 2002.
Its functions include:
1.Ensure uniform training for Filipino peacekeepers and military observers
2.Instruct personnel on roles, duties and responsibilities of UN peacekeepers
3. Provide briefing on local culture and geo-politics in areas of deployment
Language training, if required, is provided by the NDCP’s IFL.

19. Foreign Education & Training Opportunities
United States
IMET
Joint Exercises: Balikatan, Piston Exercises, CARAT
Joint Training: Light Reaction Battalion (LRB)
Australia
Educational exchanges and scholarships
Joint Exercises:
CARACHA, LUMBAS
Foreign Education and training
United States
IMET
Joint Exercises: Balikatan, Piston Exercises, CARAT
Joint Training: Light Reaction Battalion (LRBN)
Australia
Educational exchanges and scholarships
Joint Exercises:
CARACHA, LUMBAS
Other scholarships, training programs and military exercises with allied countries (UK, China, Japan, ROK, EU)
Other scholarships, training programs and military exercises with allied countries (UK, China, Japan, ROK, EU)

20. The Philippine Defense Reform Program
Strengthen linkage between education and training to the Defense mission
Institute comprehensive and system-wide reforms
Create “a strong, capable and responsive” Philippine Defense establishment based on the findings of the Joint Defense Assessment (JDA)
Address current and future threats
Foster a secure environment conducive to national development
The Philippine Defense Reform Program
One identified need is to strengthen the linkage between education and training and achieving the mission of the defense establishment as well as address the need of other functions and areas within the defense establishment. The DND embarked in the PDR to institute comprehensive and system-wide reforms in the defense establishment. The ongoing PDR program was based on the findings of the 2003 Joint Defense Assessment (JDA). The JDA was a comprehensive assessment of the AFP’s capability and recommended plans on how to bridge the present capability gap to achieve the desired capability needed to address current and future security requirements.
The objectives are as shown on the slide.
Professional development fits perfectly under program 4 (next chart)

21. PDR’s 10 Priority Programs
Multi-year Defense Planning System
Improvement of Intelligence, Operations and Training Capacity
Improved Logistics Capacity
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Improvement of Personnel Management Systems
Multi-year Capability Upgrade
Optimized Defense Budget and Improved Management Controls
Centrally Managed Defense Acquisition
Development of Strategic Communication
Information Management Development
10 PDR priority programs
1. Multi-year Defense Planning System
2. Improvement of Intelligence, Operations and Training Capacity
3. Improved Logistics Capacity
4. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
5. Improvement of Personnel Management Systems
6. Multi-year Capability Upgrade
7. Optimized Defense Budget and Improved Management Controls
8. Centrally Managed Defense Acquisition
9. Development of Strategic Communication
10.Information Management Development

22. Priority Program 4: Professional Development
“Develop, integrate and institutionalize a comprehensive Professional Development System capable of sustaining organizational excellence and mission performance through significant improvements of essential education and training capabilities and character building mechanisms required for a professional defense force”
The Professional development Program aims to
“Develop, integrate and institutionalize a comprehensive Professional Development System capable of sustaining organizational excellence and mission performance through significant improvements of essential education and training capabilities and character building mechanisms required for a professional defense force”

23. Priority Program 4: Professional Development
Standardization of training, education and leadership courses
Review and improvement of existing career systems
Development of training cycles relative to career fields from recruitment to retirement
Development of institutional certain critical areas
Specifically the program aims to improve defense management by establishing a department-wide professional defense education system for defense personnel through:
1.Standardization of training, education and leadership courses
2.Review and improvement of existing career systems
3.Development of training cycles relative to career fields from recruitment to retirement
4.Development of institutional certain critical areas
The critical fields mentioned in the last item are shown in the next slide.

24. Priority Program 4: Professional Development
Critical areas where Institutional and individual competencies needed :
Defense resource management
Acquisition
Strategic planning
Multi-year budgeting
Strategic communication
Project management
Change management
Information management
These Critical areas where Institutional and individual competencies are needed are as follows:
Defense resource management
Acquisition
Strategic planning
Multi-year budgeting
Strategic communication
Project management
Change management
Information management
While existing courses cover these areas, it is felt that there is a need to update strengthen the respective course contents in these training fields

25. Professional Civilian Defense Service Corps
Create a clear career path for defense civilian personnel
Attract, recruit and train new personnel
Establish a pool of researchers, specialists, analysts, strategic thinkers and policy makers
Develop, implement and sustain individual programs geared towards national security and development
Specifically for the civilian career fields, in addition to making such areas of expertise comparable to other countries’ systems we hope to achieve the following:
Create a clear career path for defense civilian personnel
Attract, recruit and train new personnel
Establish a pool of researchers, specialists, analysts, strategic thinkers and policy makers
Develop, implement and sustain individual programs geared towards national security and development

26. III. THE WAY FORWARD IN DEFENSE EDUCATION
Harness the power of Technology
Active collaboration among defense educational institutions
Robust Defense-academe/industry partnership
While the reforms being instituted by the PDR have barely started, it has created an impetus for change throughout the DND that is quite difficult to restrain.
We need to address as well among our other member institutions in the ARFHDUCI exchange of information and best practices as a tool for the advancement of mutual interests in the fields of activity we are ijn, which is in professional development and strategic research.

27. “The officer of today must be far more highly trained…than the officer of the past.”
-British Sec of War
Lord RB Haldane ( )
Former Britich Sec of War 1st Viscount Richard B Haldane’s statement in 1928 is quoted here:
“The officer of today must be far more highly trained…than the officer of the past.”
For the benefit of those who are unaware, Lord Haldane is credited forpreparing the army for participation in a possible European war (WWI) by establishing the British Expeditionary Force. His tenure also saw the creation of the Imperial General Staff, the Territorial Army, the Officer Training Corps, and the Special Reserve in the British Army.
He was given a peerage in 1911, becoming the Viscount Haldane. Upon Lord Loreburn's retirement in 1912, Haldane succeeded him as Lord Chancellor, but was forced to resign in 1915, after being falsely accused of pro-German sympathies.
The cartoon on the right is from Punch magazine March 3rd, 1920, after Haldane's term as Liberal Lord Chancellor and three years before his term as Labour Lord Chancellor.

28. Thank you and Mabuhay!