1. Bell Work  If you are not done with the questions about the Telegraph and the Irish and Germans, then you need to complete them before lunch. This Day in History: March 20, 1852- The anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published. March 20, 1854- Former members of the Whig Party meet in Ripon, Wisconsin and form the Republican Party. March 20, 1954- Americans become alarmed at the impending French defeat at Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam.

2. Irish and German Questions  How did the Irish thrive while war raged across Europe from 1793-1815?  What brought a million Irish immigrants to America in 1845? Where did they reside when they made it to the U.S.?  What was urban life like for the Irish?  How did the Irish get involved in politics in the U.S.?  Where did Germans settle when they came to America? Why?  What brought German people to America in the 1800s?  How were the Amish unique from other German groups that settled in America?

3. Bell Work  Turn in Chapter 13 Review  Get out a sheet of paper and number to 40.  When you are done, turn in your test when you are finished and pick up the two handouts. Read those and answer the questions on the board. This Day in History: March 19, 2003- The United States and coalition forces begin Operation Iraqi Freedom, starting the War in Iraq. March 19, 1945- General Friedrich Fromm is shot by firing squad for his participation in the failed assassination of Adolf Hitler in Operation Valkyrie. March 19, 1966- Texas Western College defeats the University of Kentucky in the NCAA Championship game. This was the first time an all black starting five won the title. Portrayed in the movie Glory Road. March 19, 1987- Chase Cato is born in Nashville, TN.

4. Immigration Wave  Large numbers of immigrants crossed the Atlantic in the mid-1800s to begin new lives in the United States.  More than 4 million came between 1840 and 1860, mostly from Europe.  More than 3 million of them were from Ireland and Germany.

5. Reasons for Immigration Push Factors   Starvation   Poverty   Lack of political freedom Pull Factors   Jobs   Greater freedom and equality   Abundant land

6. The Irish and Germans Irish Immigrants   Fled Ireland because of potato famine in 1840s   Most were very poor.   Settled in cities in Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania   Men worked at unskilled jobs or by building canals and railroads.   Women worked as domestic servants for wealthy families. German Immigrants   Some educated Germans fled for political reasons.   Most were working class and came for economic reasons.   Many became farmers and lived in rural areas.   In cities they had to take low- paying jobs, such as tailors, seamstresses, bricklayers, servants, clerks, and bakers.

7. Anti-Immigration  Many native-born Americans feared losing jobs to immigrants, who might work for lower wages.  Conflict between Protestants and newly arrived Catholic immigrants.  Americans who opposed immigration were called nativists.  Nativists founded a political organization called the Know-Nothing Party in 1849 to make it difficult for immigrants to become citizens or hold public office.  Wanted to keep Catholics and immigrants out of public office.  Wanted immigrants to live in United States for 21 years before becoming citizens.

8. Growth of Cities  Rise of industry and growth of cities led to creation of new middle class.  Merchants, manufacturers, professionals, and master craftspeople.  New economic level between wealthy and poor.  People found entertainment and enriched cultural life in cities.  Cities were compact and crowded during this time.

9. Urbanization Many city dwellers, particularly immigrants, lived in tenements: poorly designed apartment buildings that housed large numbers of people. Public services were poor—no clean water, public health regulations, or healthy way to get rid of garbage. Cities became centers of criminal activity, and most had no organized police force.   Fire was a constant and serious danger in crowded cities.

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