1. Water Safety
Conference 2010
Yonghwan Kim
The potential for using rainwater to provide safe drinking water in rural areas: a case study of Cukhe Village, Vietnam

2. Contents Introduction1
Introduction 2
Installation 3
Conclusion 4
Suggestion
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

3. 1. Introduction Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

4. “Rain For All” Activity
Object
Demo project for Sustainable water management in Asia
Site & Period
Cukhe village in Vietnam, 16th Jan ~ 26th Jan. 2010
Participants
14 students from Seoul National University & Hanoi University
RWH installation with local people & Curtural exchange between Korea and Vietnam
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

5. Pollution from domestic sewage
Cukhe Village
Poor village in rural area
No centralized Water supply
3 water resources - Surface water, Ground water, Rainwater
Surface water
Pollution from domestic sewage
Hanoi, Vietnam
12km
Ground water
Arsenic contaminated
Nhue river
Cukhe Village
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

6. Potential of Rainwater
Quality
Temperature pH
Turbidity EC As Cd Cu Fe
(℃)
(NTU)
(mg/L)
Average
19.4
7.195
2.36 99
0.010
0.032
Standard 2
0.05 1
0.3 Ni Pb Zn
SO4
NO2 Br
NO3
PO4
0.004
0.097
2.238
1.04
1.862
0.02
0.01 3
Except for turbidity, all the chemical substances tested satisfy the Vietnam water quality standards.
→ We can drink rainwater after boiling.
Quantity
Abundant annual rainfall : 1,633 mm
(Global average : 880 mm)
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

7. Sustainability of RWH Water Safety Conference Sustainable
Environment
Social
Economy
Sustainable
Traditional water supply option
Half of households already using RWH
Low installing & maintaining cost
Require low energy
Low effect on environment
No chemical added to rainwater
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

8. Object RWH has potential for drinking water supply alternative
To check problems in existing RWH
To suggest technical improvement for water quality treatment
To confirm quantitative feasibility of RWH system
Promote RWH as a major drinking water supply
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

9. 2. Installation Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

10. Existing Rainwater Tank
Catchment
Gutter
Pipe
Storage tank
Water Safety Conference
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11. Existing Rainwater Tank
Without filtering system → Containing many particles
Unsealed Rainwater Tank → Exposed to dust, sunlight, and insect
Water shortage during dry season
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

12. Quality treatment Water Safety Conference Catchment Filter
Polyethylene
Portable Catchment
(3m(w) × 3m(l))
Asbestos
- Harmful material
Filter
Sedimentation tank
0.5mm sieve
Removing
large particles
such as leaves
Calm-inlet pipe
→ Preventing disturbance of
settled part icle
→ Reducing kinetic energy
Removing small particles
Storage tank
Plastic material designed for drinking purposes
Isolating rainwater from external environment
→ Long term storage is possible
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

13. Quality treatment Case 1. Roof catchment Case 2. Portable catchment
Catchment area : 21 m 2
Tank capacity : 2 t
Catchment area : 9 m 2
Tank capacity : 2 t
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

14. Quantity management Water Safety Conference
Sufficient capacity storage tank
Concerning precipitation and demand : Capacity → 2t
Collecting area
Volume of tank
Available
demand
Number of
cycles.
days
(m2)
(t)
(l/day)
(days)
Case1 21 2 20
3.5
350
Case2 9 15
2.6
347
Separate use of drinking water and domestic water
Ground water
Rainwater
Water for domestic use such
as wash, shower, cleaning
Water for drinking and cooking
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

15. 3. Conclusion Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

16. Conclusion
1. Existing rainwater tank satisfy quality except for turbidity. There is quantity problem in dry season.
2. Installing RWH with proper catchment, filter and sedimentation tank improves water turbidity. Residents feel safe drinking rainwater after boiling.
3. Using rainwater only for drinking and cooking make it possible to supply rainwater throughout the year.
4. RWHs can play an important role in providing a sustainable water resource and resolving water problem over the world
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

17. 4. Suggestion Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

18. One Company One Rainwater Tank
Hailuu elementary school
Finished fine shape RWH
Hailuu elementary school
5,000 USD
From company
Made by
local people
Bottled water for each class
(780 USD per year)
Technical assistance
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

19. Let’s make world that everyone feel happy
First user is best user
Let’s make world that everyone feel happy
Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia

20. Thank you! Water Safety Conference
November , Kuching, Malaysia