1.  This presentation is included for reflection by practitioners in planning for learning and teaching. It is intended for exemplification purposes only. It may be appropriate for some teachers/lecturers to adapt these materials for use within their own context.

2. Causes

3.  It is very important in geography that we can categorise causes of climate change into two subgroups.  We need to group them into:  1. physical causes  2. human causes.  Try the card sort activity, which your teacher will explain.

4.  Volcanic dust  Ice cap melting  Sunspot activity  Changing ocean circulation (El Nino/La Nina)  Permafrost melting

5.  Deforestation  Burning fossil fuels  Aircraft contrails  Cattle farming (methane)  Nitrous oxides from power stations  CFCs from refrigerators and aerosols

6.  Sea level rise  Melting ice caps and glaciers.  Flooding of low-lying areas such as UK fenlands, Shetland Islands, Bangladesh, Maldives and Japan.  Higher water temperatures mean that water expands further, compounding the problem.

7.  Polar bear habitats in the northern hemisphere are shrinking.  Tourism problems for snow areas.  The Mediterranean may become too hot for some tourists.  Crop failures.  Extinction of species.  Bleaching of coral reefs.  Tropical diseases such as malaria spreading.

8.  Weather becoming less predictable.  More flooding, droughts, tropical storms and heat waves.

9.  Alternative forms of energy  Solar  Tidal  Wind (on-shore and off-shore)  Hydroelectric

10.  Electrical cars.  Reduce deforestation and increase afforestation.  Control population.  Reduce energy consumption at school and at home.  World summits.