1. Overview of summer 2015 end of year examination

2. This section will be based on two different sources. You must read these sources carefully and then answer the questions for each source

3. READ THE SOURCE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. THIS IS A REALLY GOOD WAY TO REVISE FOR YOUR EXAMINATION

4. Read Source A. Social networking played a major role in the Arab Spring of 2011. Internet censorship and surveillance remain in place in some countries. Search engines produce results saying “Sorry: the page you requested does not exist”. The internet is becoming more central to the lives of citizens. It can affect the identity of local and national communities. However, citizens have little control over the power of the companies which provide their access to the internet. According to Rebecca MacKinnon, who writes about internet censorship, Chinese internet regulation shows how a regime can not only survive but thrive in the internet age with the help of domestic and global companies. In countries which have democratic systems there are attempts to control access to information on the internet. During the urban riots in the UK in 2011, the government considered shutting down social networks and BlackBerry’s instant-messaging service. Taking such action might have restricted the civil rights of UK citizens. One of MacKinnon’s ideas is that companies like Facebook, Google, Apple and Amazon have the kinds of power that were previously only held by governments. Facebook took down a page used by Egyptian activists to coordinate protests on the grounds that they had broken the company’s rules by not using their real names. But on the other hand, political and other potentially controversial views are expressed and widely read on Facebook. This can encourage freedom of speech. (Source: adapted from www.guardian.co.uk, 26 Febuary 2012 John Naughton © Guardian News and Media Ltd. (2011))

5. (a) According to Source A, what is an advantage of social networking for individual citizens? (1) A It can lead to censorship B It helps to support powerful regimes C It enables political views to be expressed and be widely read D It has helped internet service providers become very powerful (b) According to Source A, what is a disadvantage of social networking for individual citizens? (1) A Internet access is widely available B Citizens have little control over companies which provide their access to the internet C The internet becomes more central to the lives of citizens D It encourages freedom of speech Explain the role of the internet in changing the identity of local communities. (4)

6. In this section you will have to write an essay. You will be given the option of two questions. The first question will be based on Key Question 1 and the second on Key Question 2. You must answer only ONE question. Remember the IMC rule Make sure you address all the bullet points in the question.

8. Social Identity is made up of the following: Gender Race or Ethnicity Sexuality Religion or faith Age Class Disability

9. To treat anyone less favourably due to any aspect of their ‘social identity’ is classes as discrimination

10. UDHR signed in 1948 by representatives of 58 countries. Response to atrocities of Second World War Designed to safeguard and protect human rights in every country around the world. HOWEVER – it does not have the force of law (it is NOT enforced legally) therefore it is used as standard to which the UN would like all countries to work towards Article 1: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience, and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.”

11. Passed in 1963 by Council of Europe Includes 44 members (including all EU members) who agree to uphold human rights. Unlike UDHR the convention it is legally binding and infringements can be taken to European Court of Human Rights

12. In 1989, the world's leaders officially recognised the human rights of all children and young people under 18 by signing the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Convention says that every child has: The right to a childhood (including protection from harm) The right to be educated (including all girls and boys completing primary school) The right to be healthy (including having clean water, nutritious food and medical care) The right to be treated fairly (including changing laws and practices that are unfair on children) The right to be heard (including considering children's views) It's the most complete statement of children’s rights ever produced and is the most widely-ratified international human rights treaty in history.

13. A community made up of people from many different cultural backgrounds/differences who maintain their distinct identities

14. An integrated community is one in which a dominant culture takes precedence

15. Multicultural societies encourage differences, and integrated societies don’t maintain

16. Migration is the main reason for a country becoming diverse

17. Human migration is movement of humans from one place to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups

18. For a better ‘prosperous’ living Like the ‘host’ country Benefit from the liberal rights available Escape persecution

19. European migrants made a net contribution of £20bn to UK public finances between 2000 and 2011 Fill the jobs market, jobs which local people do not want to do. Specifically in trades such as construction, cleaning, working as waiters/waitresses etc. Diversity, cultural awareness Knowledge from other countries Culture i.e. food, language, dress, etc

20. Issues concerning: housing, schooling, Over crowding jobs benefits etc

21. A person fleeing his/her country due to a threat to life or persecution, applies to live in another country for safety is considered ‘seeking asylum’. The person who has his application granted is then considered a ‘refugee’

22. Culture is a pattern of behaviour. This pattern of behaviour can be among large groups of people, small groups of people, or even individuals. Can concern anything from languages, to types of food (staple food), to dress. etc

23. Unite: Bring people together from many different walks of life due to support of/ playing for a common team Divide: Discriminate against certain races of people – as has been the case in football. Organizations like ‘Kick racism out of football’ try to stop this discrimination.

24. Ignorance Passed down from parents Negative Media portrayals Stereotyping

26. Democracy The word come from the Greek words demos meaning ‘ the people ’. Kratos meaning ‘rule’ Therefore Democracy means ‘Rule for the people by the people ’

27. There are different forms of Democracy: Direct - People make decisions for themselves Representative democracy - Politicians make these decisions on our behalf.

28. Definition of Democracy “A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them.” (Kid.net au) “Parliamentary democracy, democratic form of government in which the party ( or coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament forms the government It’s leader becoming the prime minister. The parties in the minority serve in opposition to the majority and have a duty to challenge it regularly.” (britannica.com)

29. A government ruled by a king, queen, emperor or empress. Monarchy

30. A country ruled by a single leader. The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control. Dictatorship

31. Government by a single person having unlimited power; despotism (domination through threat of punishment and violence). Autocracy

32. The government owns property such as businesses and farms and provides its people's healthcare, education and welfare. Communism

33. A situation where there is no government. Anarchy

34. A government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique have power. Oligarchy

36. Political Parties The Conservative Party is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism. It believes in the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House of Commons with 306 seats. It governs in coalition with the Liberal Democrats, with party leader David Cameron as Prime Minister. The Conservative Party emerged in 1834 out of the old Tory Party, which dates to 1678. Official colour is Blue Leader is David Cameron, the Prime Minister

37. Political Parties The Liberal Democrats are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom. Formed in 1988 by a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party. The Liberal Democrats support social liberalism, constitutional and electoral reform, progressive taxation and civil liberties At the 2010 general election, 57 Liberal Democrat MPs were elected, making them the third largest party in the House of Commons, The Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government with the Conservatives, with Clegg becoming Deputy Prime Minister and other Liberal Democrats taking up government positions The Liberal Democrats have been led by Nick Clegg since 2007.

38. Political Parties The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist political party in the United Kingdom. The Labour Party was last in government between 1997 and 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. This party won 258 seats in the 2010 general election. The Labour Party is a member of the Socialist International. social justice strong community and strong values reward for hard work decency rights matched by responsibilities The Party's current leader is Ed Miliband MP

39. Political Parties The Green Party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of Green politics, which is founded in many countries. These principles usually include social justice, reliance on grassroots democracy, nonviolence, and an emphasis on environmentalism. "Greens" believe that the exercise of these principles leads to world health. They were founded in 1980 Caroline Lucas and the voters of Brighton Pavilion constituency made history on 6 May 2010 when she was elected as the UK's first Green MP, taking the seat from Labour.

41. In UK democracy people are given the opportunity to elect representatives in three governments: Central Government Local Government European Parliament Their job is to talk for us, and fight for the things we want changed or kept as they are.

42. Central government. It looks after national matters, such as health, defence, foreign policy and the environment. is responsible for the welfare of all citizens and protects the most vulnerable in our society

43. Every 4 years people vote Representatives are called councillors. Many councils elect a Mayor, who chairs (keeps order) of the council. Local Government

44. Local government ( council) is responsible for: Roads and Transport Education Housing Policing The Fire Service Waste Disposal/Street Cleaning

45. European Parliament Elections are every 5 years. There are 785 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) Responsible for maintaining peaceful political and economic relations in Europe

51. Government

55. 1. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION 2. EQUALITY 3. POLITICAL TOLERANCE 4. ACCOUNTABILITY 5. TRANSPARENCY 6. REGULAR FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS 7. ECONOMIC FREEDOM 8. CONTROL OF THE ABUSE OF POWER 9. BILL OF RIGHTS 10. ACCEPTING THE RESULTS OF ELECTIONS 11. HUMAN RIGHTS 12. MULTI PARTY SYSTEM 13. RULE OF LAW

56. 1. An understanding of how citizens can influence decision-making through the democratic process; 2. An understanding that participation in elections by those opposed to democracy should be allowed by law, but the success of such candidates is undesirable for the well-being of society if it would lead to the end of democracy; 3. An appreciation that living under the rule of law protects individual citizens and is essential for their well-being and safety; 4. An understanding that bodies such as the police and the army can be held to account to the people, through the democratic organs of government; 5. An understanding that the freedom to hold other faiths and beliefs is protected in law, and an acceptance that other people having different faiths or beliefs to oneself (or having none) should not be the cause of prejudicial or discriminatory behaviour; 6. Understanding of the problems of identifying and combatting discrimination (based on protected characteristics as listed in the Equality Act 2010). 7. Attempts to promote systems that undermine the principles comprising these fundamental British values would be inconsistent with this part of the standard.