Healthy Relationships

Healthy Relationships
Chapter 3 Healthy Relationships Lesson 1 Communication Skills Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 3 Assessment Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation. Next >>

Directions: Write these words down: What_____________________?
DO NOW Directions: Write these words down: What_____________________? When_____________________? Where_____________________? Why______________________? Create the question related to previous information learned in previous classes. Ask the question. Write down the other student’s answer. Answer his question. Find another student

Essential Question: Why is family important? Enduring Understanding: Students will understand that family values and responsibility shape their lives.

The sharing of thoughts and feelings between two or more people
communication body language The sharing of thoughts and feelings between two or more people Facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, and posture Click to reveal the definitions.

In this lesson, you will learn to
explain different ways people communicate. describe how you can be a better speaker and listener. identify the three styles of communication. develop skills to communicate safely online.

Organizing Information
Write the major and minor headings from this lesson onto a sheet of paper. Write a sentence that summarizes the ideas of each heading. Headings in this Lesson: What is Communication? Different Ways to Communicate Using Good Communication Skills Communication Styles Influences on your self-concept include Parents or guardians Grandparents Brothers and sisters Other relatives Teachers Friends Your skills and abilities can also affect your self concept

Successful communication is at the root of healthy relationships.
What Is Communication? Successful communication is at the root of healthy relationships. communication The sharing of thoughts and feelings between two or more people We communicate with people every day. Good communication helps people understand each other and helps build good relationships. relationship A connection you have with another person or group

Person Person Messages What Is Communication?
When you communicate, you send or receive messages. Both the sender of the message and the receiver should have good communication skills. When you communicate, you send or receive messages. Both the sender of the message and the receiver should have good communication skills.

Different Ways to Communicate
The main way people communicate is through language. Another way to communicate is through body language. On one end of communication, there is a speaker or writer. On the other end, there is a listener or reader. An example of body language is shrugging your shoulders at a question you can’t answer. People are often unaware of their body language. Sometimes, without knowing it, people send mixed messages. You send a mixed message when your words don’t match what your body is saying. body language Facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, and posture

Different ways to communicate include: Face-to-face Written messages Telephone Text messaging Sign language Sign language allows people with hearing loss to communicate face-to-face.

There are advantages and disadvantages to different kinds of communication. When talking on the telephone or sending , visual clues such as facial expressions are absent. The advantages to different kinds of communication include being able to communicate your feelings, exchange ideas and information, and get a timely response. Sometimes it is easier to express feelings or difficult emotions in writing than face-to-face or on the phone. In written messages, your reader can’t see your facial expression or hear the tone of your voice. All forms of communication allow you to communicate successfully.

Using Good Communication Skills
Outbound (“Sending”) Inbound (“Receiving”) Think, then speak Listen actively Use “I” messages Ask questions Make clear, simple statements Mirror thoughts and feelings Be honest with your thoughts and feelings Use appropriate body language Wait your turn This slide summarizes effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills for both sending and receiving messages.

An aggressive communicator might say something rude.
Communication Styles An aggressive communicator might say something rude. A shy (passive) communicator may say nothing at all. An assertive communicator isn’t shy or aggressive about expressing him or herself. To communicate effectively, you must learn to use an assertive style. Being an assertive communicator means that you make your wants and needs known, but in a positive, active manner.

Safety Online Make sure that a parent or guardian gives you permission to communicate with others online. Never give out information about yourself or your family. Stay out of unsupervised chat rooms. Instant messaging (IM) is a great example of how technology improves communication in our lives. So is . When using these technologies, it is important to understand the risks and to play it safe. Never agree to meet anyone in person. If an online conversation makes you feel uncomfortable, exit and tell a parent or other adult.

Healthy Relationships
Chapter 3 Healthy Relationships Lesson 2 Your Family Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 3 Assessment Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation. Next >>

DO NOW Provide at least 2 safe advises for someone who is underage and likes to navigate online (facebook, twitter, chat rooms, and so on). Draw a picture that represents one way to effectively communicate with someone.

To fulfill physical, mental/emotional, and social needs
nurture To fulfill physical, mental/emotional, and social needs Click to reveal the definitions.

recognize different types of family units. identify your role within your family. explain how family members care for each other. develop effective communication skills for family meetings.

Make two lists. One list should contain types of family units. The other should list roles people play within a family. Types of Family Units Roles People Play

Family Relationships A family includes two or more people brought together by blood, marriage, adoption, or a desire for mutual support. Good relationships make you feel loved, wanted, safe and secure. Family relationships are of the most important. Some families have two parents, others one. Extended families include members from more that one generation. family The basic unit of society

Single-custody family
Family types include: Couple Nuclear family: Two parents and one or more children Extended family: A nuclear family plus other relatives such as grandparents Single-parent family: One parent and one or more children Single-parent family Blended family: Two people, one or both with children from previous marriages Foster family Adoptive family Joint-custody family Single-custody family Couple: Nuclear family: Two parents and one or more children Extended family: A nuclear family plus other relatives such as grandparents Single-parent family: One parent and one or more children Blended family: Two people, one or both with children from previous marriages Foster family: Adults caring for one or more children born to different parents Adoptive family: A couple plus one or more adopted children Joint-custody family: Two parents living apart, sharing custody of their children Single-custody family: Two parents living apart and one or more children living with only one parent

Roles and Responsibilities in the Family
Parents are responsible for making sure the basic needs of the family are met and encouraging good communication and health. Children are responsible for some household chores and showing appreciation. Every family member has a role to play. As a teen, your role may include helping other family members, spending time with a grandparent who has trouble getting around, or helping a brother or sister with homework. It is important to realize that your support helps make your family healthier.

Building Strong Families
The main job of any family is to nurture the needs of its members. nurture To fulfill physical, mental/emotional, and social needs Physical needs include providing a place to live, food, and clothing. Emotional support includes love, providing an atmosphere of warmth and safety, and security. Social needs includes understanding the importance of sharing, a willingness to pitch in with tasks and chores, and spending time together.

Teaching Character One of the biggest responsibilities parents have is to help their children develop good character. They do this through their words and actions.

Coping with Family Changes
Two difficult changes in the family are separation and divorce. Children are never the cause of separations or divorce. Just as individuals go through changes, so do families. Some changes are positive. Others can be difficult, such as an illness in the family. If your family is going through a separation or divorce, share your feelings with your parents or another trusted adult. Remember that parents love and care about their children, even after a separation or divorce.

Coping with Family Changes
Among the hardest changes to cope with is the death of a family member. Expressing your feelings is an effective communication strategy for managing grief caused by disappointment, separation, or loss. Strong emotions caused by a death in the family include sadness, grief, and even anger. Comforting others may help you deal with your own feelings. Don’t hesitate to ask for help. You might want to talk to a counselor who specializes in helping people manage grief.

Serious Family Problems
Abuse is a serious problem that can have long-lasting effects on all family members. abuse A pattern of mistreatment of another person An adult or a child can be the target of abuse. A family with an abuse problem needs to get help immediately.

Serious Family Problems
Types of abuse include: Physical abuse physical abuse The use of physical force sexual abuse Any mistreatment of a child or adult involving sexual activity Sexual abuse A physically abused person often shows signs such as bruises, burns, or broken bones. Emotional abuse is harder to spot and may involve yelling and putting a family member down. An emotionally abused person often feels worthless and angry. Sexual abuse can include touching one’s private body parts or being forced to touch someone else. Displaying sexual material to a child is another act of sexual abuse. It is often difficult to see that a person is being sexually abused. Physical neglect involves not giving enough food, clothing, shelter, or medical care. Emotional neglect involves not giving love, respect, and other forms of emotional support. neglect The failure of parents to provide their children with basic physical and emotional care and protection Neglect

Help for Troubled Families
Seek help by speaking with an adult you can trust such as a teacher or school counselor. Social workers are professionals trained to help families with problems. The abuser needs help too. He or she must understand the reasons behind the behavior and why it must be changed. If the danger is immediate, the police must be called. Abusing others is never acceptable.

Help for Troubled Families
Social Workers Crisis Intervention Hotlines Religious Leaders Sources of Help School Counselors You can find hotlines listed under “crisis intervention” in your telephone book. Crises Centers Doctors

Growth and Development
Chapter 8 Growth and Development Lesson 1 Adolescence: A Time of Change Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 8 Assessment Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation. Next >>

DO NOW Write down 3 things that you learned with the videos class.

Essential Question: How does puberty affect the human body? Enduring Understanding: students will understand that physical and emotional changes occur during puberty and are a normal part of growing up.

endocrine system puberty
A body system containing glands that regulate growth and other activities The time when you start developing the physical characteristics of adults of your gender Click to reveal the definitions.

describe three kinds of changes you go through during the teen years. identify the structure and function of the endocrine system. analyze how a teen is influenced by peers.

Divide a sheet of paper into three columns. Name each column for one of the sides of the health triangle. Write two changes that occur on each side.

Changes During Adolescence
Differences in how younger or older teens may look are caused by adolescence. Mood swings are a normal part of adolescence. adolescence The period between childhood and adulthood Although teens experience these changes, they occur at different times and speeds for everyone.

Hormones are produced in the endocrine system. endocrine system A body system containing glands that regulate growth and other important activities

These glands make up the endocrine system: Pituitary GROWTH Thyroid FOOD into Energy Adrenal ADRENALINE Pancreas INSULIN Ovaries / Testes SEXUAL DEVEP. The pituitary gland produces several hormones that control other glands and organs. It also regulates the body’s growth and development. The thyroid gland produces a hormone that regulates the speed at which your body turns food into energy. It also helps regulate growth. The adrenal glands produce adrenaline, a hormone that controls the body’s response to emergencies. They also play a role in digestion and help maintain a balance of salt and water in the body. The pancreas produces insulin, which controls the ability of body cells to use sugar for energy. The ovaries and testes produce hormones that control sexual development.

Physical Changes Physical changes that occur during puberty include the growth of body hair and increased sweating, or perspiration. puberty The time when you start developing the physical characteristics of adults of your gender Female Changes Male Changes Increased level of female hormones Increased level of male hormones Acne Increase in perspiration Underarm hair Development of Breasts Deeper voice Increase in body fat Facial hair Wider hips Broadened shoulders Formation of mature eggs Muscle development Pubic hair Beginning of menstrual cycles Production of sperm cells Enlargement of external genitals

Mental/Emotional Changes
Changes in hormones can affect your feelings as well as your thoughts. You may experience mood swings. You might be happy one moment and sad the next. These shifts in emotions are called mood swings and are common in adolescence. Talk about your feelings with others. This will help you manage your feelings in a healthy way.

Adolescence brings more responsibility.
Social Changes Adolescence brings more responsibility. As your friends become more important, choose friends that will support you and influence you in a positive way. Your parents may give you more responsibility such as asking you to help care for a younger sibling or to prepare meals.

What I Learned Vocabulary Define endocrine system. Lesson 1 Review
It is a body system containing glands that regulate growth and other activities.

Lesson 1 Review What I Learned Recall Name two physical changes that occur during puberty. Answer should include any of the changes listed in Figure 8.2.

Lesson 1 Review What I Learned Identify What are some social changes that occur during adolescence? Sample answers: becoming more independent, having more responsibility, spending more time with friends, and experiencing the influence of peers

Lesson 1 Review Thinking Critically Apply Richard feels funny about his voice changing. What advice might you give him to make him feel less awkward? Sample answer: These changes are normal for teens entering puberty.

Lesson 1 Review Thinking Critically Evaluate How do you think the changes you experience during puberty help you prepare for adulthood? Answers, which will vary, should show an understanding of the changes that occur during puberty.

Chapter 8 Growth and Development Lesson 2 Human Reproduction Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 8 Assessment Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation. Next >>

The body system that makes it possible to create offspring
reproductive system The body system that makes it possible to create offspring Click to reveal the definitions.

Blood, tissue, and the unfertilized egg flow out of the body
menstruation sperm Blood, tissue, and the unfertilized egg flow out of the body The male reproductive cell Click to reveal the definitions.

identify the parts and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. explain how to care for the reproductive system.

Human Reproduction The male reproductive system is different than the female reproductive system. reproductive system The body system that makes it possible to create offspring So far, all the body systems you’ve learned about are the same for females and males. The reproductive system is different.

The Female Reproductive System
The two main functions of the female reproductive system are: Storing egg cells To reproduce The egg cell is also called an ovum. egg cell The female reproductive cell

The process of reproduction begins when the egg cell joins with a male reproductive cell. The ovaries are the two female reproductive glands that store the egg cells. The ovaries also release hormones that control growth and play a role in the proper functioning of the reproductive system. During puberty, the ovaries begin to release eggs.

After fertilization, an egg will travel to the uterus, the organ in which the baby will develop. fertilization The joining of a female egg with a male reproductive cell

Menstruation is often referred to as a “period.” menstruation Blood, tissue, and the unfertilized eggs flow out of the body If fertilization does not occur, the nutrient-rich lining of the uterus breaks down. Most girls can expect to begin menstruation anywhere from age 9 through 16. During menstruation, change sanitary pads or tampons several times a day. Expect some cramping during menstruation. Talk to your doctor if you have unusual pain or heavy bleeding.

The Male Reproductive System
Sperm cells are made inside the testes. sperm The male reproductive cells Sperm cells travel through the vas deferens to the urethra where they leave the body. The testes also produce a hormone that controls the development of the male reproductive system. The testes begin making sperm cells during puberty.

Lesson 2 Review What I Learned Recall Name two functions of the female reproductive system. Two functions of the female reproductive system are to produce hormones and reproductive cells.

What I Learned Vocabulary Define fertilization. Lesson 2 Review
Fertilization is the joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell.

Lesson 2 Review What I Learned Identify Where in the male reproductive system are the sperm made? Sperm are made in the testes.

Lesson 2 Review Thinking Critically Compare How are the female and male reproductive systems similar? How are they different? They are alike in that both produce and store reproductive cells, but they have different structures.

Lesson 2 Review Thinking Critically Analyze When playing baseball, what special precautions should James take to protect his reproductive system? Give details to explain your answer. He should wear a protective cup. Injury to male reproductive organs could cause sterility.

Chapter 8 Growth and Development Lesson 3 Heredity and the Life Cycle Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 8 Assessment Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation. Next >>

Tiny strands of matter that carry the codes for inherited traits
chromosomes genes fetus prenatal care Tiny strands of matter that carry the codes for inherited traits The basic units of heredity What the developing unborn baby is known as from the eighth week until birth Click to reveal the definitions. Special care to ensure that an expecting mother and the baby remain healthy

explain how inherited traits are passed along. identify changes to the developing baby. recognize stages in the life-cycle.

The Developing Baby Analyzing a Graphic
After 3 months After 6 months After 9 months The Developing Baby Analyzing a Graphic Using this diagram as a guide, describe the stages of development before birth.

Hair color and body build are examples of inherited traits.
Heredity Heredity is the process by which parents pass certain traits to their children. Hair color and body build are examples of inherited traits. Children may also inherit talents and abilities. The likelihood of developing certain diseases and health problems is also passed along.

Traits are passed along by chromosomes.
Heredity Traits are passed along by chromosomes. chromosomes Tiny strands of matter that carry the codes for inherited traits Chromosomes are made up of genes. Chromosomes are arranged in pairs in your body’s cells. One chromosome comes from your father, the other from your mother. genes The basic units of heredity

Chromosomes and Fertilization
Among each sperm’s 23 chromosomes, one alone determines the gender of the fertilized egg cell. An egg caries only an X chromosome. Sperm carry either an X or Y chromosome. If a sperm carries an X chromosome, a female will result. If a sperm carries a Y chromosome, a male will result. Every type of cell in the human body except one contains 46 chromosomes. That one exception is the reproductive cell. The newly fertilized egg has 46 chromosomes.

Development Before Birth
The newly fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus. The egg attaches itself to the wall of the uterus. The egg begins to divided millions of times. The tissues, organs, and body systems are eventually formed.

The Developing Baby Time Size Features Development fertilization
microscopic arms, legs, fingers, toes, eyes, ears heart is beating; nervous system is forming; cannot survive outside uterus 6 months after fertilization about 14 inches long; weighs about 2 pounds hair, eyebrows, fingernails, toenails can move and kick; sucks thumb; can hear sounds; might survive outside uterus 9 months after fertilization 18–20 inches long; weighs 7–9 pounds smooth skin, fully developed organs eyes open and close; fingers can grasp; body organs and systems can now work on their own; ready for birth

The Developing Baby In the uterus, the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients through a tube called the umbilical cord. fetus What the developing unborn baby is known as from the eighth week until birth

Throughout pregnancy, an expectant mother needs prenatal care.
The Developing Baby Throughout pregnancy, an expectant mother needs prenatal care. prenatal care Special care to ensure that the expectant mother and the baby remain healthy Pregnancy is a joyful event, but is also means added responsibility. New parents often don’t get a lot of sleep and may experience added stress or other emotional changes. The mother-to-be must avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs not prescribed by the doctor. Prenatal care includes eating healthy foods, getting enough rest, and seeing the doctor regularly.

The life cycle is divided into six major stages.
Infancy Childhood Adolescence Early Adulthood Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood Infancy – Age 1 Physically, babies grow fast. Babies also grow mentally/emotionally. Infants need loving physical car and attention. Childhood – Ages 1 to 11 During this time, children are busy absorbing information. Encouragement at this stage builds self-esteem. Adolescence – Ages 12 to 18 This is a time of transition. Skills such as decision making, goal setting, and good communication help prepare adolescents for adulthood Early Adulthood – Ages 19 to 30 Many young adults are busy pursuing and education or training for a career.. Some young adults choose to get married and start a family. Middle Adulthood – Ages 30 to 60 Many at this stage look at ways to contribute to the community. People at this stage begin planning for the final stage Late Adulthood – 60+ People at this stage are thinking about retirement, Those who maintain good health will be able to stay active through this stage. Age 1 Ages 1–11 Ages 12–18 Ages 19–30 Ages 30–60 Ages 60+

Behaving Responsibly With independence comes added responsibility. There are lots of ways you can show you are responsible and ready for more independence. For example, you could offer to help with extra chores at home.

What I Learned Vocabulary Define chromosomes. Lesson 3 Review
Chromosomes are tiny strands of matter that carry the codes for inherited traits.

Lesson 3 Review What I Learned Recall How many chromosomes are there in most cells of the human body? What is the one exception? There are 46 chromosomes in all body cells except for the reproductive cells, which have 23.

Lesson 3 Review What I Learned Identify Name two developments that may take place during early adulthood. Sample answer: advancing one's education, planning or beginning a career, getting married, starting a family

Lesson 3 Review Thinking Critically Explain What determines whether a baby will be male or female? The presence of an X or Y chromosome in the sperm cells determines this. An X chromosome means that a female will result, while a Y chromosome means that a male will result.

Lesson 3 Review Thinking Critically Apply Yvonne hopes to become a lawyer when she reaches adulthood. What skills can she develop now during her teens to help her achieve her career goals? Sample answers: learning and practicing communication skills, achieving good grades

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