1. Development of Communication and Trade Networks
Mrs. Freeman Notes

2. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
Geography determined what was exchanged, where it was exchanged and by whom it was exchanged.

3. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
Geography determined what was exchanged, where it was exchanged and by whom it was exchanged.
Climate & Topography
Location of valuable minerals, types of plants that can be grown, existence of seaports, mountain passes & oases
Merchants needed to transport these goods with relative safety across regions

4. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
Geography determined what was exchanged, where it was exchanged and by whom it was exchanged.
Climate & Topography
Location of valuable minerals, types of plants that can be grown, existence of seaports, mountain passes & oases
Merchants needed to transport these goods with relative safety across regions
The Want for Goods
SALT
us/videos/salt
Great treks necessary for big payoffs
Visualize the Afro-Eurasia trade network – SILK

5. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
The Silk Roads

6. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
The Silk Roads
Most extensive of land-based trade routes
Named for highly valued silk traded
REMEMBER – for centuries only China knew how to make silk

7. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
The Silk Roads
Most extensive of land-based trade routes
Named for highly valued silk traded
REMEMBER – for centuries only China knew how to make silk
OTHER ITEMS ALSO TRADED
From East Asia to points west: horses, furs, ivory, perfumes, furniture, rice, wool, tea
From South Asia to points east and west: cotton, spices, rice
From Central Asia to points east, west, south: dates, almonds, fruit, camels, horses
From points west to the east and south: glass, gold, furs, cattle, olive oil
us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-the-silk-road

8. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
The exchange of grains and fabrics across Eurasia changed farming techniques and allowed for crops to grow in new regions.
The qanat system, a form of irrigation, transports water from below ground to surface in arid regions.
Knowledge & use of this system from Central Asia spread into other regions – particularly Southwest Asia.

9. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
The exchange of grains and fabrics across Eurasia changed farming techniques and allowed for crops to grow in new regions.
The qanat system, a form of irrigation, transports water from below ground to surface in arid regions.
Knowledge & use of this system from Central Asia spread into other regions – particularly Southwest Asia.
Buddhism

10. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
The exchange of grains and fabrics across Eurasia changed farming techniques and allowed for crops to grow in new regions.
The qanat system, a form of irrigation, transports water from below ground to surface in arid regions.
Knowledge & use of this system from Central Asia spread into other regions – particularly Southwest Asia.
Buddhism
Disease – Han Dynasty

11. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
Sahara Caravan Routes
Commerce across North Africa
Coastal cities of Mediterranean rich in vegetation and resources
Dates, cotton, dyes, glass, leather goods supplied from these cities
South of the “rim” of the Mediterranean is Sahara Desert – merchants exchanged above items for gold, salt, ivory and animal hides – connecting into Silk Road

12. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
Sahara Caravan Routes
Commerce across North Africa
Coastal cities of Mediterranean rich in vegetation and resources
Dates, cotton, dyes, glass, leather goods supplied from these cities
South of the “rim” of the Mediterranean is Sahara Desert – merchants exchanged above items for gold, salt, ivory and animal hides – connecting into Silk Road
CAMEL introduced as a means for transporting goods
Islam ( ) carried into trans-Saharan region along trade routes

13. Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
North-South Eurasian Routes
Directly connected to Silk Roads were more networks of trade routes that run North, South, and linked Central Asia to South and Southwest Asia
Routes connected to the edges of Baltic Sea in Europe, involving Russia and the Black Sea trade connections
Constantinople was key center linking these exchanges.

14. THESIS PRACTICE
Analyze the changes and continuities in the Indian Ocean region from 500 B.C.E. to 1400 C.E. Discuss economic, cultural and demographic factors. Using 500 B.C.E. as a starting point, include examples of at least three of the following regions: South, Southeast and East Asia; the Middle East and East Africa.
Go to PollEv.com/jessicafreeman and enter your thesis statement.

15. Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
Indian Ocean Trading Network
Largest trading area in the world prior to Europeans crossing the Atlantic
Connected Southeast Asia and China to Africa, Middle East & South Asia
Major conveyor of Buddhism from South Asia into East and Southeast Asia
Major conveyor of Islam from Middle East
Similar items traded on Silk Roads traded on Indian Ocean

16. Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
Indian Ocean Trading Network
Sea depended upon ocean currents and winds
Monsoon winds blow along East African coast toward South Asia in summer and down East African coast in winter – HELPED MERCHANTS PLAN SHIPMENTS
Trading ships used by Arab merchants called dhows

17. Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
Mediterranean Trading Areas
vast & long lasting
Olives, pottery, glass, woodwork, leather, wool, textiles
Out of Africa, merchants traded gold, ivory, salt, copper and slaves
Christianity was carried into eastern and western Europe and Africa by foot – but especially by boats

18. Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
Black Sea Trading Areas
Constantinople major exchange point
Merchants carried goods from Silk Roads, Mediterranean and Russia
, merchants carried bubonic plague into western Europe

19. Exchanging Goods in the Americas
Much smaller scale than in Afro-Eurasia

20. Exchanging Goods in the Americas
Much smaller scale than in Afro-Eurasia
Fewer people
Fewer large domesticated animals
Wheel not developed for transportation until Europeans arrived
Llama and alpaca were used as pack animals in the Andes
Dogs pulled sleds
Isthmus of Panama made trade difficult from South America in Central and North America

21. Exchanging Goods in the Americas
Despite limitations – still evidence of exchanges of plants, manufactured goods and clothing
Exchanges made in relay fashion – not necessarily merchants
American maize first developed in Mesoamerica – spread to regions north and south along trade connections
Areas with most trade activity= Maya & Teotihuacan; Moche