1. Lecture 1: Selecting Between Transit Mode Alternatives This lecture was originally prepared by Dr. Kari Watkins, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dr. Jeff LaMondia, Auburn University; and Candace Brakewood, Georgia Institute of Technology as part of the STRIDE project Developing a New Course for Public Transportation Education (2012-029S).

2. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Module Outline o Modal Classification o Benefits of Public Transportation o Transit System Design and Operations o Context-specific Transit Choices

3. Transit Planning, Design & Operations What is “transit”?

4. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Source: Willamor Media - http://www.flickr.com/photos/bz3rk/3682041548/Source: Chris Yunker, http://www.flickr.com/photos/chris-yunker/2478436403/ Familiar Forms of Transit

5. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Simple Answer: Collective Transportation But why do we have to travel collectively in urban spaces?

6. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Source: Goal: To Maximize Space

7. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Source: Willamor Media - http://www.flickr.com/photos/bz3rk/3682041548/Source: Chris Yunker, http://www.flickr.com/photos/chris-yunker/2478436403/ Same Modes, New Context

8. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Source: Are These Transit, too?

9. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Transit Mode Definition 4 Basic Characteristics: Right-of-Way (ROW) System Technology Types of Service Organizational Oversight

10. Transit Planning, Design & Operations ROW C Mixed Traffic ROW B Physically Separated ROW A Fully controlled Street TransitSemi-rapid TransitRapid Transit Speed of Vehicles Operating & Capital Costs Characteristic 1: Right-of-way

11. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Characteristic 2: System Technology Support: Vertical contact Rubber tire on pavement Steel wheel on rail Vehicle on water, mag lev, etc. Guidance: Lateral control Steered by driver Guided by track Propulsion: Power system Diesel engine Electric motor Hybrid Magnetic forces, etc Control: Spacing Manual/visual Manual/signals Automatic

12. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Characteristic 3: Types of Service Express Rapid Local

13. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight On-Demand IndividualsOn-Demand Group

14. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight Public Group

15. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Classification by Type of Usage CharacteristicPrivateFor-hirePublic DesignationPrivateParatransitTransit AvailabilityOwnerPublic SupplierUserCarrier Route determinationUser (flexible)UserUser (carrier)Carrier (fixed) Time-schedule determination User (flexible)UserUser (carrier)Carrier (fixed) Cost-priceUser absorbsFixed RATEFixed FARE Carrier typeIndividualGroupIndividualGroup ModesSOVCarpoolTaxiDial-a-rideStreet transit MotorcycleVanpoolRent CarJitneySemirapid transit BicycleCar ShareCharterRapid Transit WalkingBike ShareSpecialized Adapted from Vuchic, 2007

16. Transit Planning, Design & Operations 4 Major Transit Families Street Transit – Right-of-Way (ROW) – System Technology – Types of Service – Organizational Oversight Semi-rapid Transit – Right-of-Way (ROW) – System Technology – Types of Service – Organizational Oversight Rapid Transit – Right-of-Way (ROW) – System Technology – Types of Service – Organizational Oversight Specialized Transit – Right-of-Way (ROW) – System Technology – Types of Service – Organizational Oversight

17. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Paratransit Modes Taxicabs Car Sharing Dial-a-ride Jitney / Publico

18. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Taxicabs NYC Taxis Source:

19. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Car Sharing National Zipcars Program Source:

20. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Dial-a-ride Dallas Area Regional Transit Austin CapMetro Source:

21. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Jitney / Publico Philippine Jeepney Source:

22. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Street Transit Modes Regular Bus Express Bus Trolleybus Streetcars (trolleys)

23. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Regular Bus Hamburg Articulated Bus Source:

24. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Express Bus Source: http://www.xpressga.com/ GRT Xpress Bus

25. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Trolleybus Seattle Metro Transit Source:

26. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Streetcar Source: http://georgiatransitconnector.com/about/ Atlanta Streetcar

27. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Semi-rapid Transit Modes Bus Rapid Transit Light Rail Transit Automated Guideway Transit

28. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Bus Rapid Transit Lane Transit in Eugene, OR Source:

29. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Bus Rapid Transit TransMilenio in Bogota, Colombia Source:

30. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Light Rail Transit Dallas Area Regional Transit Source:

31. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Automated Guideway Transit Source: Wikimedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATL_People_Mover_2.jpg Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Airport

32. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Rapid Transit Modes Rail Rapid Transit (Metro) Light Rail Rapid Transit Rubber-tired Rapid Transit Monorail Regional (Commuter) Rail

33. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Light Rail Rapid Transit Vancouver SkyTrain Source:

34. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Rubber-tired Metro Montreal, Canada Mexico City, Mexico Source:

35. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Monorail Seattle, WAWalt Disney World, Florida Source:

36. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Commuter Rail Seattle, WA Source:

37. Transit Planning, Design & Operations 2009 APTA Modal Facts # SystemsPassenger TripsPassenger Miles Bus1,0885,452 mil21,477 mil Commuter Rail27468 mil11,232 mil Paratransit6,700190 mil1,477 mil Heavy Rail153,490 mil16,805 mil Light Rail35465 mil2,199 mil Trolleybus5104 mil168 mil Monorail2 212 mil1,875 mil Inclined Plane4 Publico1 Aerial Tramway2 Automated Guideway Transit7 Cable Car1 Ferryboat32

38. Transit Planning, Design & Operations 2009 Service Statistics Vehicles in Max Service Weekday Unlinked Trips Saturday Unlinked Trips MARTA Rail182~267,000~161,000 MARTA Bus507~232,000~139,000 CCT7916,5677,703 Gwinnett678,8141,237 GRTA837,3370 BUC6557154

39. Transit Planning, Design & Operations 2009 APTA Metro Facts Un Pass Trips RankPass Miles RankPopulationRank New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT4,019 mil121,788 mil117,800,0001 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA705 mil23,449 mil311,790,0002 Chicago, IL-IN633 mil33,986 mil28,308,0003 Washington, DC-VA-MD495 mil42,557 mil53,934,0008 San Francisco-Oakland, CA443 mil52,589 mil43,229,00012 Boston, MA-NH-RI376 mil61,921 mil64,032,0007 Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD369 mil71,744 mil75,149,0004 Seattle, WA190 mil81,231 mil82,712,00014 Atlanta, GA169 mil9992 mil93,500,00011 Miami, FL160 mil10932 mil104,919,0005 Baltimore, MD125 mil11814 mil112,076,00019 Portland, OR-WA115 mil12512 mil151,583,00024

40. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Why Transit?

41. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Congestion Energy / Environment Equity Safety Critical Issues in Transportation

42. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Congestion Source:

43. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Energy / Environment In 2005, Public transportation reduced CO2 emissions by 6.9 million metric tons 340 million gallons of gasoline saved

44. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Equity Source:

45. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Safety Source:

46. Transit Planning, Design & Operations …And More Health Land Use / Availability Aging Population Community

47. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Conclusion Wide range of transit modes to choose from – Pros and cons of each Transit addresses many critical transportation issues – Congestion – Environmental problems – Equity – Safety – More

48. Transit Planning, Design & Operations Moving Forward Issues today – Congestion – Environmental problems – Equity – Financial problems – Unsatisfactory quality