1. The History and Development of the European Union, Since 1951 By John Martin, 2007

2. European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Treaty of Paris (1951) 6 member organization Franco-German relationship Increased economic production by combining coal and steel resources

3. Leadership and Foresight Robert Schuman European integration and cooperation Jean Monnet (1952-1955) Post-war debt relief

4. ECSC Institutions Common Assembly/European Parliament Council of Ministers High Authority/European Commission (Schuman) Court of Justice

5. Treaty of Rome (1957) European Economic Community (EEC) Common market (the Six) European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Nuclear energy

6. Merger Treaty (1965) European Communities (ECSC, EEC, and Euratom) Joint budget and distribution of power European Parliament (1962) and budgetary control (1975)

7. Enlargement and Improvement 1973- change in French presidency and 3 new additions European Parliament (1979) 1980’s- southwest Europe (3 more countries incorporated into European Communities)

8. Economic Progress Schengen Agreement (1985)- borders and police cooperation 5 out of 12 members British mainland (Common Travel Area)

9. Single European Act (1986) Internal market Qualified majority voting (QMV) European Council (policy) Introduction of symbolic flag

10. Economic and Political Unity German reunification Maastricht Treaty (1992)- European Union (EU) 3 nations succeed to EU Copenhagen European Council (1993) Amsterdam Treaty (1995)

11. Maastricht Uncovered Treaty on European Union Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) Eurocorps (5 members) Trilateral organization of power

13. 21 st Century Updates Treaty of Nice (2001) Globalization Coinage and adoption

14. European Integration 10 members included East meets west Economic disparity and uncertainty 27 total nations

15. Modern EU Politics and Governance Members of Parliament (MEPs) and political parties EPP-ED and PES Regulations, directives, and decisions Bilateral power distribution (legislative and judicial)

16. Recent Trends and Statistics Economic diversity and success Exports and imports Continental integration and disadvantages Global involvement

17. Global Impact Humanitarian aid Environmental focus International competition Positive EU/U.S. relationship

18. EU Problems and Conflicts European Constitution (2004) Franco-German supremacy Decreasing EU/China relationship British skepticism New candidate countries

19. Conclusion Stabilizing Europe with a common market Uniting east and west Worldwide responsibility and assistance Future of the EU

20. Further Reading Chryssochoou, Dimitris N. 1998. Democracy in the European Union. London. Kostlowski, Dean J., ed. 2000. The European Union: From Jean Monnet to the Euro. Ohio. Newman, Michael. 1996. Democracy, Sovereignty, and the European Union. New York. Wallace, Helen and William Wallace, eds. 2000. Policy-Making in the European Union. Oxford.