2. In this Mini - Unit, we see the effect that one person can have on a country or in the world. What one person comes to your mind when you think of someone who has contributed his knowledge and energy to making a social change? DO NOW  This mini-unit is about: the development of new ways to govern people. 1) What choices do people have when deciding how to be governed? 2) What do people need to consider when making those choices?

5. The Minoans Lived on the island of Crete Had great power in the Mediterranean Sea by trading with other civilizations **Minoans are actually settlers from Egypt and were therefore very different from the rest of the Greeks.

6. Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

7. The Minoans Had very sophisticated art Enjoyed building palaces and decorated them with FRESCOES –FRESCO: ground up paint in limewater mix * Shows BULL Vaulting: a ritual sport.

8. Minoan Civilization Minoans known for their knowledge and use of pottery.

9. Minoans were very advanced for their time period. There main city – Knossos was more civilized than other Greeks cities at the time. Knossos was also home to King Minos. The Minatour (half bull/half human) was sacrificed to with male and female virgins who were forced to try and escape through a Labyrinth or maze.

10. Minoan Decline No one knows why this powerful civilization stopped to exist One THEORY: Volcanic eruption on Thera –Toxic gas –Caused Tsunamis

11. Indo-Europeans Began to settle in the main areas which are today considered Greece and Turkey –Aegean Islands –Peloponnesus –Ionia –Anatolia –Shade in the area where the Greeks Settled

12. The Mycenaeans Traded in Baltic Sea Area Conquered Minoans in 1400 BCE Had no major cities but Mycenae; about 90 miles SW of Athens –Surrounded by massive wall about 20 feet thick (citadel) Adapted Minoan writing system Advanced in Bronze & Iron

13. The Citadel or fortification around the town usually housed the royal family, some nobles, and artisans. The rest of the population lived outside. The Mycenaean's were not Greek speaking peoples and built up power near the Anatolian Coast.

14. The Mycenaean Civilization Agamemnon's famous Lions Gate

15. King Agamemnon – Proves Mycenaean and eventually Greek use of bronze. Pottery vessels were very important to the Mycenaean’s and the Greeks because it was used to sell goods in and trade.

16. Greeks lived in all parts of Greece, the low-lands near seas, in the mountains and near the limited fertile areas. They were divided by mountains and seas and were never really an organized country unless they had to be. In fact, Greek settlement in the Mediterranean Sea continued for years as they were always looking for more trees to build boats and more fertile land. Sometimes this would lead to trouble. These tiny civilizations are known as the Greek Polis’ or City States. ** Greeks civilizations referred to as tribes, orders or Fraternities.

17. POLIS or CITY STATE – the city including all its institutions, social, political and economic parts SUMERIA Vatican City Agrigento – Greek City State in Sicily, Italy

18. The Trojan War 1200 BCE – The Mycenaean kings unite the Greeks and fought a 10 year war with Troy WHY!?!? * Troy Greek mythology: Zeus had become king of the gods by overthrowing his father Cronus. Zeus was not faithful to his wife and had many relationships from which many children were born. Since Zeus believed that there were too many people populating the earth, he used the Trojan War as a means to depopulate the Earth, especially his descendants

20. Helen

21. Kidnapped?

22. Caused War

23. The TROJAN Wall!

24. How do we get in???

25. The Trojan Horse of Course!

26. Fact or Fiction? Heinrich Shliemann excavated Turkey –Discovered this story may be TRUE!!

27. The Boring Theory Trojan war was Fought over: –Struggle for control of a crucial waterways in the Aegean Sea

28. Effects of the Trojan War: 1)The Dorians destroy Greek unity shortly after war. a)Less advanced then the Mycenaean's b)Forgot the art of writing during this age - No written record exists c) Little known about this time 2)The area of Greece falls into a Dark Age with limited trade and a lengthy isolation ( about 300 years) 3)Epic Literature Period 1)Homer – possible writer of the time period, supposedly blind. Maybe did not exist????? a)Illiad – Story about Trojan War b)Odyssey – Story about Odysseus Voyage home

29. Homer: The “Heroic Age” The Dorians (who defeated the Mycenaean's around 1100 BCE) didn’t read or write but have a strong oral tradition leading to Homeric Epics: The Iliad and Odyssey. – IS HE REAL?????

32. Reemergence of Greek City - States beginning in 900s BCE Beginning of contact with other Mediterranean People especially Phoenicians More written Records Citadels no longer used Only Free Classes have Say in government Separation of People into Citizens and slaves

33. Greek City-States – Individual political units consisting of the city center and the surrounding fertile farmland. Same as countries (nation-states) today.

34. Greeks are the experimenters of government Archon – a ruler (vague) Democracy – people rule Oligarchy – rule of the Few Monarchy – rule of the One Tyrannum – deliberate will of the people to set up one ruler by coup Plutocracy – Rule of the Wealthy Aristocracy – rule of the Best Aeropagus – War Council or High Council Gerusia – High Council of Elders

36. Go To Persian War PPT

37. 1.In a democracy, only citizens are allowed to participate in the government. 2.Democracy is a better form of government than tyranny. 3.If Athens was really a democracy, Athenian women should have been able to participate in the government. 4.Spartan women enjoyed more personal freedoms than Athenian women. 5.Draco issued laws that made some offenses punishable by death. 6.Draconian laws were cruel and placed unreasonable demands on citizens. 7.The Ionians believed the Dorians were barbarians. 8.The Ionians exported the finest pottery in ancient Greece. 9.The military-minded Spartans regularly won the Olympic games. 10.As most Athenians realized, it is more important to cultivate the mind than to build up the body. 11.By 507 B.C., all male Athenian citizens—regardless of their class status—were members of the assembly. 12.By 507 B.C., all male Athenian citizens—regardless of their class status—were members of a superior system of democracy.