1. Human Geography By James Rubenstein
Chapter 3
Key Issue 2
Where Are Migrants Distributed?
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2. Global Migration Patterns
About 3% of the WP are international migrants
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3. Asia, Latin America, and Africa have “net out-migration.”
North America, Europe, and Oceania have “net in-migration.”
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5. Importance of Migration
Movement from countries with low incomes and high NIR to wealthy countries with job prospects.
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6. Current Net-in Migration
90% of U.A.R. population.
70% of Kuwait population.
25% of Australian population.
17% of Canadian population.
10% of U.S. population.
6% of Germany’s population.
6% of U.K. population.
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7. Net Migration/1000
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8. The Middle East attract immigrants from poorer Middle Eastern countries and from Asia to perform the dirty and dangerous functions in the oil fields.
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9. Current U.S. Immigrants 30 million people born in other countries.
½ born in Latin America.
1/4th each from Asia and Europe.
½ of Latin American immigrants are from Mexico.
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10. The U.S. The World’s 3rd most populous country.
Inhabited overwhelmingly by direct descendants of immigrants.
About 70 million immigrants since 1820.
3 main eras of immigration.
High migration from countries entering stage 2 of Demographic Transition.
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11. U.S. Immigration Patterns
Colonial Immigration from England and Africa.
Nineteenth-Century Immigration from Europe.
Recent Immigration from Less Developed Regions.
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12. Colonial Immigration from England and Africa
About 400,000 Africans were forced to migrate as slaves to the 13 colonies, and another 250,000 after 1808.
1 million Europeans migrated to escape economic conditions or persecution.
90% of European immigrants were from Great Britain.
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13. Nineteenth-Century Immigration from Europe
The U.S. offered the greatest opportunity for economic success.
Germany sent the largest number of immigrants (7.2 million).
1/4th ancestry traced to Germans.
1/8th each traced to Irish and English immigrants
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14. 1st Peak of Nineteenth-Century Immigration
Between 1840s and 1850s
90% from Northern and Western Europe.
2/5th from Ireland
1/3rd from Germany (escaping from political unrest)
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15. 2nd Peak of Nineteenth-Century Immigration
Immigration to the U.S. declined in the 1860s.
Immigration began to climb again in the 1870s and the 1880s.
A large number of immigrants came from Scandinavian countries that had entered stage 2 of the demographic transition.
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16. 3rd Peak of Nineteenth-Century Immigration
Immigration increased between the late 1890s and the 1st decade of the 1900s.
Immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe.
The shift of the primary source of immigrants coincided with the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution.
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17. Millions of European immigrants streamed into the United States during the 1800's and early 1900's. The newcomers shown here landed at Ellis Island in New York Harbor in Ellis Island was the chief U.S. reception center for the immigrants from 1892 to 1924.
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
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18. Recent Immigration to the U.S. from Less Developed Regions
Immigration dropped in the 1930s and 1940s, due to the depression and World War II
Immigration surged in the last ¼ of the century, mostly from Asia and Latin America
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20. Immigration from Asia
7 million Asians arrived in the U.S. in the last 1/4th of the 20th century.
Most of the immigration came from China, Philippines, India, and Vietnam.
Asians make up 40% of Canada’s immigrants.
Canada takes in 50% more immigrants per capita than the U.S.
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21. Asian Immigration
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22. Immigration from Latin America
11 million Latin Americans migrated to the U.S. between 1960 and 2000.
Migration from Mexican eclipsed that of Germany during the 1980s.
The Dominican Republic was the second leading source of immigrants from Latin America followed by El Salvador.
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24. 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
Issued visas to several hundred thousand undocumented Latin Americans.
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25. Impact of Immigration on the United States
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26. Legacy of European Migration
The Era of massive European migration ended with the start of World War I in 1914.
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27. Europe’s Demographic Transition
Stage 2 Europe’s population found limited economic opportunities.
“Enclosure Movement” forced millions to emigrate from rural areas.
The U.S. became Europe’s safety valve.
Today, stage 4 Europe no longer needs a safety valve.
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28. Diffusion of European Culture
Indo-European languages spoken by ½ of the world’s population.
Christianity has the largest numbers of adherents.
European art, music, literature, philosophy, and ethics have defused throughout the world.
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29. Undocumented Immigrants
Those who enter a country without proper documents.
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30. Undocumented Immigration to the United States
½ of undocumented residents legally enter the country as students or tourists and then remain after they are supposed to leave.
½ cross the border without showing a passport.
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31. 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
Immigration Act sought to reduce flow of illegal immigrants.
Many feared that rejection of applications would lead to deportation.
Employers must verify documentation.
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32. Undocumented immigrants purchase forged documents for as little as $25.
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33. Destination of Immigrants Within the United States
Immigrants from Mexico head for California, Texas, or Illinois.
Immigrants from Caribbean Islands head for New York or Florida.
Chinese and Indians immigrate to New York and California.
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34. Destination Preferences
Proximately influences destination decisions.
Immigrants cluster where people from same country previously settled.
Job prospects affect the states to which immigrants head.
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35. Chain Migration
The migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
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