1. Chapter 7 Niel Scott Samantha Hauser Jessica Massey

3. Influence of Religion on Education  Election of school board members  Curriculum  Textbooks used in schools  Religious families may dominate a school community

4. Old Order Amish Community AmishMennonites Amish Mennonites Both part of a conservative Christian group with Swiss and Dutch origins Community with strict codes for behavior and dress

5. Atheists and Agnostics Atheists and Agnostics  Atheists believe there is no God or gods exist  Agnostics argue that we do not and cannot know God or gods exist

6. The First Amendment Engle v. Vitale- the courts ruled that any type of prayer is unconstitutional government sponsorship of religion Stone v. Graham- the courts ruled that the posting of the Ten Commandments in schools was unconstitutional Edwards v. Aquillard – it was found by the courts that the teaching of “creation science” in all instances is unconstitutional

7.  In 1962 and 1963, the Supreme Court ruled against school prayer in schools  Conservative groups have tried to revive prayer in schools  The Supreme Court does not prevent any teachers or students from praying privately in school School Prayer

8. Secular Humanism  Belief that curriculum emphasizes respect for human beings and de- emphasizes or ignores God  It is not a organized religion only a perspective of the individuals who aligned themselves with this belief  Multicultural Education is an educational concept which incorporates the different cultural groups to which individuals belong

9.  Religious Pluralism is described as the acceptance of all religious paths as equally valid, promoting coexistence  Unification Church is considered by some to be a cult and an adaption of Christianity, which believes in a cosmic struggle between the forces of good and evil

10. Protestants  Liberal Protestant  Conservative Protestants  Mainline Protestants  Fundamentalist Christians

11. Who are Evangelicals?  Religious Rights literally believe that the Bible is the word of God  Fundamentalists can apply to any religious group: Christian, Jewish, Islamic, and others who represent an extremely conservative element of their religion  Evangelical Moderates ◦ a movement where believers focus on social and economic justice rather that the wars on sex and immorality; leaders such as: Adam Hamilton, Rick Warren, and Jim Wallis  Ones who identify themselves affirmatively answering to three questions

12. The Political Influence  Moral Majority consists of conservative Christians who supported Christian moral law  Rev. Jerry Falwell was the founder of this movement in 1979  Believed they represented the majority of the people’s opinion  Dr. James Dobson and Rev. Pat Robertson have and will continue to impact the interpretation of federal laws for decades

13. Evolution  Creation Science accepts all living things in six days, literally as presented in the Bible  Intelligent Design suggests that only an intelligent being could have created a natural world  Many Americans continue to reject Charles Darwin’s view of evolution  Only 13% believe that God had no part of the process(2006c)

14. What do you think are the attitudes toward evolution in our community?

16.  One denomination under a Pope, who has authority over all Catholics throughout the world.  In 2006, 24% of the U.S. population, 67,820,833 people  The Catholic Church in the U.S. is the wealthiest national church in the Roman Catholic world.

17.  Although they are different, Protestant and Catholics do agree on some beliefs.  Members Include: Irish, Italian, Polish, Mexican, Puerto Rican, etc.  Different parishes speak different languages, some speak Italian, Spanish, and even Latin.  One of the four major faiths in the country

18.  The Roman Catholic Church in The U.S. have developed the largest private education system in the world.  They offer a relative lower cost than most other private institutions  Private schools vary all over the states, and even internationally such as Notre Dame, Creighton, and Loyola.

19.  In 1928, Alfred Smith, the Democratic nominee was the first Roman Catholic to run for the office of president.  John F. Kennedy was the first, and to this day only, Catholic president.  Some conservative Catholics voiced objections to John Kerry, because of his pro-choice position on abortion.

20.  One of the oldest religions known  Historical roots to both Catholicism and Protestantism  One of four major faiths  2.2% of U.S. population in 2006

21.  There is no Jewish race  Jewish law, one who is born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism is considered Jew  Reformed Jews also accept children born to non-Jewish mothers as Jews.  Very few Jewish people attend the Synagogues except on holy days.

22.  Two major groups: The Ashkenazim and the Sephardim  Ashkenazim came from Jewish community of Central and Eastern Europe  The Sephardim were from Spain, Portugal, or other Mediterranean countries

23.  Many Temples or Synagogues throughout the country operate only at elementary grades.  Yeshivas, or private religion schools, can go up to middle school grade level and even universities!

24.  Islam means to surrender to the will or law of God  One of the major religions, with over 1 billion adherents worldwide  1,209 mosques located throughout the country

25.  The first Muslims to settle in this county were a group of immigrants from the Middle East settled in Cedar Falls, Iowa.  Ka’ba is the place of worship that Allah, the Arabic word for God  Jihad – is the “struggle”,”effort”, or “striving” in the way of God

26.  The people who practice Islam are Muslims  Islam is based on the holy writings of the Qur’an or Koran.  Qur’an’s basic theme is the relationship between God and His creatures

27.  The basic tenets of Islam include: 1. Faith – belief in One God and Mohammad as his last messenger 2. Prayer – five times daily, facing Mecca 3. Charity – contributing to peace 4. Fasting – without food or sunrise to sunset during Ramadan (9 th month of Islamic year) 5. Pilgrimage – a visit to Mecca once in a lifetime, performing the Hajj

28.  Buddhism is one of the worlds major religions  A quarter of a billion to a third of a billion members worldwide  Buddha is the solution to life’s dilemma  Buddhists view existence itself as the problem with life, as long as there is existence, there is suffering  The Key to Salvation is to let go of everything

29.  To Live is to Suffer  Suffering is caused by desire  One can eliminate suffering by eliminating desire  Desire is eliminated by an eightfold path

30.  The Right Belief (understanding the truths of existence)  The Right Aspiration (willing to achieve enlightenments)  The Right Speech  The Right Conduct  The Right Means of Livelihood  The Right Endeavor (Effort)  The Right Meditation (concentration)

31.  Major religion of India  World’s 3 rd largest after Christianity and Islam, 13 % of worlds population  Worlds oldest organized religion  Influencing the development of both Buddhism and Jainism  Doesn’t limit to a single book or writing

32.  Each follower belonged to one of the following committees: 1) Brahmins, the priests and academics 2) Kshatriyas, the rulers and military 3) Vishyas, the farmers, landlords, and merchants 4) Sudras, the peasants, servants, and workers 5) Dalit, outcasts

33.  Three Gods 1) Brahma – the creator of the universe 2) Vishnu – its preserver 3) Shiva – the destroyer  They Believe in the law of karma - how a person reacts influences how they will be reincarnated

34. Latter Day Saints –  Founded in 1830s,  Mormon practice of polygamy  Moved to Utah, now the religion center of the Mormons  5.4 million people in the United States Eastern Orthodoxy -  ¼ Christians Worldwide  Members from Syria, Greece, Armenia, Russia, and Ukraine  Only immigrated last century

35. All good creates is God, God heals rather than medicine  Cure of illness is spiritual  Many are vegetarians  Believe in exercise, good nutrition, and abstaining from alcohol and tobacco use 314 Federally Recognized tribes or groups and each has its own religion Three levels of spiritual beings – a supreme god, nature spirits, and ancestor spirits Shamans are men and women who are chosen through supernatural calling, are healers through contact with the spirits Native American Religions

36. Jainism –  Evolved out of India in sixth century B.C.  Observe the three jewels – right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct Sikhism –  Sikhism founded in 15 th or 16 th century B.C.  Believe in Reincarnation, Karma, and destruction & rebuilding of the universe

37. Baha’ism –  Founded in Persia in late 19 th century  Principles of equality of sexes, races, and religious adherence.  300,000 members in the U.S. New Age Spirituality –  New Age began in early 1980s  Believe Christianity to be a thing of the past  No Authoritative hierarchy, unclear precisely what the New Age groups are and what they are not

38. Wicca –  Neo-Pagan, also referred to as witchcraft  134,000 people in U.S. 2001  Modern Revival of old religion witchcraft  Goddess, who appears in triple form.  Focused on feminist spirituality and the sacred meaning of women’s life Cults –  “Minority religions”  When cult leader dies the cult usually disbands or disappears  Allegedly practice some degree of mind control, brainwashing, even Suicide

39. How might your understanding of a variety of religions affect what you do in your future classroom?

40. Source Citation "Ordinations in the Roman Rite." New Catholic Encyclopedia. 2nd ed. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 634-642. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Feb. 2011.

41. 1. Issues of gender equality are often raised in religious institutions. 2. In many of the more conservative religious bodies, the role of women is clearly defined and limited. a. No female priest in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches b. Women cannot attain priesthood in the Mormon Church c. And very few fundamentalist churches or denominations have or are willing to ordain women ministers. Source Citation "Ordinations in the Roman Rite." New Catholic Encyclopedia. 2nd ed. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 634-642. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Feb. 2011. Religion and Gender

42. 3. At the 2000 annual Southern Baptist Convention 16,000 delegates voted on an explicit ban on women pastors. The actions (churches claim), are supported in the Bible: Corinthians 14:34, states: “Let your women keep silence in the churches; for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience, as also saith the law”. Religion and Gender

43. 1. Homosexuality is one of the most controversial issues in religious institutions today. 2. Attacks on homosexuality in religious context, just as with gender, are often justified through biblical interpretations. a.Book of Genesis: God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah because of the sinful behaviors, including homosexuality, of the inhabitants. 3. Conservative religious groups tend to view homosexuality as a matter of choice, a sin, and an abomination. a.They believe the AIDs epidemic is God’s retribution for the gay life.

44. 4. The clergy abuse scandals, which have surfaced in recent years, have caused great spiritual and economic concerns in various dioceses. 5. The 2004 elevation of Rev. V. Gene Robinson to Bishop in the Episcopal Diocese, as the first openly gay Episcopal Bishop, has created considerable divisiveness among Episcopalians. a.Some congregations have split away over what they view as excessively liberal practices (Altamirano, 2007).

45. 1. As with gender issues, religion has had a profound impact on race and ethnic diversity issues. 2. When individuals misinterpret biblical scriptures or interpret them to justify aberrant behavior, the consequences can be severe.

46. 1. Religious groups found justification for the practice of slavery in the bible. 2. The Bible does not condemn slavery, its practice is found throughout both New and Old Testaments. 3. Paul returns slave to his master, rather than provide refuge as required in Deuteronomy 23:15-16 1. Anti-Semitism roots also found in the Bible. 2. Biblical passages such as; Matthew 27:25-26, and Romans 3:1 justify slavery.

47. 1. African American religious institutions often organized due to racism, which either prohibited or limited their membership, participation, or attendance. 2. These churches have served their congregations in various ways. Some provide food, shelter, and occasional employment. 3. Black Muslims, have provided a sense of Black Nationalism, pride, and a self-help philosophy.

48. 1. Modern civil rights movement was centered in Southern African American churches. 2. Many civil rights leaders were or are ministers or church leaders. (King Jr., Abernathy, Young, and Jackson). 3. They led through philosophy of civil disobedience and non- violent confrontations. 4. Earlier spirituals provided comfort, hope or a promise of a better life after death. Today a more immediate response to equity is sought.

49. 1. Racial issues have been debated for decades and like gender issues have become a center of religious debate. 2. As a whole courts and society have turned their backs on segregation and racially limiting practices. 3. Religion has often inspired goodness and charity. 4. Most religious bodies have taken an openness position. a. Official position and actual positions differ somewhat. b. Churches that express brotherly love have higher level of congruence.

50. 1. Most Americans are born into the religion of their parents, but are free to choose. Pier pressure is main reason for staying. 2. A person’s ethnicity, class, or gender may have considerable influence on behavior or values. 3. When ethnic identity is very important, it is combined with religious identification. a. Religion may be primary microculture with which individuals identify. b. Irish Catholic, Russian Jew, or Norwegian Lutheran. c. Regions in which one lives also affects the strength of identification. Often students whose beliefs are different than the majority are ostracized or bullied in school and social settings.

52. 1. Censorship movements tend to be heavily influenced by fundamentalist and conservative religious groups. 2. Also, committees in school districts like the text book selection committee. 3. This is a Serious matter that cannot be underestimated. 4. Censorship has resulted in dismissals or resignations of teachers and administrators. 5. It has split communities and has the potential to create serious controversy. 6. Most censors feel passionately that the cause they support is just and morally right.

53. What do laws permit with respect to school prayer?

54. 1. Boulanger_Gustave_Clarence_Rudolphe_The_Slave_Market.jpg 2. ‎Samibian Thoughts Just another WordPress weblogSamibian 3. October 12th, 2008 in PoliticsPolitics 4. http://www.soxfirst.com/50226711/workplace_racism_texas_style.php 5. Image: © Steve Schapiro/Corbis 6. Photo by Associated Press files 7. Image: © Bettmann/CORBIS 8. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-103393 (b&w film copy neg.) Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. 9. Publisher: University of North Carolina Press religious identity 10. Hackett, Conrad, and D. Michael Lindsay. 2008. "Measuring Evangelicalism: Consequences of Different Operationalization Strategies." Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion 47(3):499- 514. 11. Smith, C., M. Emerson, S. Gallagher, P. Kennedy, and D. Sikkink. 1998. American Evangelicalism: Embattled and Thriving. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press 12. Gollnick, Donna M., Chinn, Philip C. 8 th ed. 2009. Multicultural education in a pluralistic society. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Thank you to the following References in creation of this PowerPoint: