2. 1 The History of Law Enforcement Corruption

3. 2 Lesson Learning Goal You will be able to discuss the history of law enforcement corruption as well as describe the issues related to corruption in the law enforcement community.

4. 3 Learning Objectives Describe the issues related to corruption in law enforcement. Explain the causes that contribute to corruption. Instruct others on proactive actions to implement in the prevention of corruption.

5. 4 Video Case Study New Orleans Police Department When viewing the tape, ID the following: –How did the corruption start? –What were the underlying causes? –What could have been done to prevent the problem? Do any of these causes still exist in LE? Do any exist in YOUR agency?

6. 5 30 Second Quiz How much money did the Detroit PD pay out in civil judgments and settlements between 1987-1997? Points: –4 –3 –2 –1

7. 6 30 Second Quiz How much money did the Detroit PD pay out in civil judgments and settlements between 1987-1997? Answer = 92 million $ Points: –4–4 –3–3 –2–2 –1–1

8. 7 History of U. S. Law Enforcement Night Watches –Larger cities passed laws to allow daytime officers to replace night watchmen. –The increase in duties and responsibilities resulted in an increase in inefficiency Political interference resulted in graft and corruption

9. 8 History of U. S. Law Enforcement Chiefs had no authority to hire or fire Discipline could not be enforced No employment standards No training requirements

10. 9 History of U. S. Law Enforcement 1960’s unrest, crime increase Commission on L.E. and Administration of Justice 1965 –Omnibus Crime and Safe Streets Act 1980’s Miami River Gang – 70 arrested between 1980-1986 – 2 year change: 60% minority: 650 to 1,050 – Ken Harms 1984 Herb Breslow 1985

11. 10 Boston Police Strike of 1919 Boston PD wanted to affiliate with the AFL Chief suspended several union activists Officers conducted a strike –8 deaths –Over a hundred people injured –Millions of dollars in property damage

12. 11 Boston Police Strike of 1919 “A strike of policemen of a great city, leaving that city at the mercy of an army of thugs, is a crime against civilization. In my judgment the obligation of a policeman is as sacred and direct as the obligation of a soldier. He is a public servant, not a private employee, and the whole honor of the community is in his hands. He has no right to prefer any private advantage to public safety.” President Woodrow Wilson

13. 12 The Struggles of the 1920s and 1930s 18 th Amendment The resulting graft, political interference and corruption The public offered bribes to police to “look the other way” Police had to enforce a very unpopular law

14. 13 The Struggles of the 1920s and 1930s The Results: –Bought off cops –Low morale –Lack of self-respect –Loss of integrity and honor The Response: –Wickersham Commission –Recommendations directed toward police management and operations

15. 14 World War II Manpower shortages led to: –Poor recruitment procedures –Low hiring criteria –Unqualified and poorly trained officers –These procedures were long lasting

16. 15 The 1940s and 1950s The IACP Identified causes of officer dissatisfaction: –Working hours –Salary –Pensions –Benefits By 1956 there were 44 different police unions

17. 16 The Challenges of the 1960s Police weren’t ready for the problems presented by social issues such as: –Anti-war –Civil Rights –Public criticism was at an all time high Results –Post Commissions –More $ for training –Higher hiring standards –Policies and Procedures manuals

18. 17 National Law Enforcement Officer Disciplinary Research Project Researched data concerning all law enforcement officers that had been formally disciplined within their states between 1990 and 1995. 2,296 Law Enforcement Officers were totally decertified.

19. 18 Officers Decertified between 1990-1995 Had an average of 7.2 years on the job Average age was 32 93% (90.5) were male and 7% (9.5) were female 73% (81) were white; 19% (11.3) were African American; 8% (6.2) were Hispanic 56% (66) were city officers; 33% (25) were deputies; 11% (8) were state officers

20. 19 Officers Decertified between 1990-1995 Employment status –92% were full-time –5% were part-time –3% were auxiliary or reserve officers Education –70% had a high school degree –11% had a GED –10% had either an A.A. or A.S. degree –9% had either a B.S. or B.A. degree

21. 20 More Findings by the Commission and Council Discipline Action # Cases % Cases Revocation 2,296 59.1 Case Dismissed 502 12.9 Suspension 320 8.2 Cases Pending 278 7.2 Initial Decert. Denied 244 6.3 Probation 203 5.2 Reprimand 41 1.1

22. 21 The 4 Most Frequently Committed Crimes Making false statements and reports 19.92% Larceny 12.12% Sex offenses other than rape 9.48% Battery 9.15%

23. 22 The Four Common Causes #1 – Greed (26.99%) Larceny12.12% Fraud/Forgery5.03% Selling CDS4.44% Robbery1.19% Bribery1.19% Stolen Property1.10% Gambling.46%

24. 23 The Four Common Causes #2 – Anger (19.69%) Battery9.15% Excessive Force5.05% Weapons Offenses4.02% Family Offenses1.47%

25. 24 The Four Common Causes # 3: Lust (12.74%) Sexual offenses other than rape 9.48% Sexual battery/rape2.77% Morals and decency crimes.49%

26. 25 The Four Common Causes #4 – Peer Pressure (12.7%) Driving Under the Influence 5.08% Drugs other than cocaine and cannabis 4.64% Positive cocaine drug test1.62% Positive cannabis drug test 1.36%

27. 26 Unethical Acts... Nothing is devastating us more!

28. 27 Why Ethics is a Leadership and Training Need! Officers can lose their: –Jobs –Careers –Retirement –Dignity –Reputations –Futures –Families

29. 28 Finally, 2 to 3 Times as Many Officers... Commit Suicide than die in the Line of duty! ! !

30. 29 The History of Law Enforcement Corruption