1. Who is this very famous contributor to modern biology? Biography 30 minute video

2. Mini Review Who is the "father of modern genetics?" What was his occupation? What plant did he work with? What did he call offspring that received the same alleles for a trait from both parents? What is a hybrid? What is a dominant allele (or dominant trait)? What is a recessive allele (or recessive trait)? How do geneticists designate dominant and recessive alleles? What does it mean to be homozygous for a trait? What does it mean to be heterozygous for a trait?

3. Mom's genome Dad's genome These are "Karyotypes"

5. Mom's egg: Dad's sperm: Fertilization Zygote: Homologous chromosomes Haploid or diploid?

6. Mini Review Wh at occurs during fertilization? What is a zygote? What is the female reproductive cell called? What is the male reproductive cell called? Are eggs and sperm haploid or diploid? Why is this (#5) important? Is a zygote haploid or diploid? How does the number of chromosomes in a body cell differ from the number in a gamete?

7. Life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms Adult (2N)

8. Life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms meiosis Adult (2N) Gametes (1N) egg sperm

9. Life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms meiosis fertilization Adult (2N) Gametes (1N) Zygote (2N)

10. Life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms meiosis mitosis fertilization Adult (2N) Gametes (1N) Zygote (2N) Embryo, fetus, baby (2N)

11. Life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms meiosis mitosis fertilization Adult (2N) Gametes (1N) Zygote (2N) Embryo, fetus, baby (2N) mitosis

12. 2N _N meiosis mitosis fertilization 100 chromosomes ___ chromosomes

13. 2N _N meiosis mitosis fertilization ___ chromosomes For humans

14. Life cycle of asexually reproducing organisms Adult (2N)

15. Life cycle of asexually reproducing organisms mitosis Adult (2N) Baby (2N), a clone of the parent -- genetically identical.

16. Life cycle of asexually reproducing organisms mitosis Adult (2N) Baby (2N), a clone of the parent -- genetically identical.

17. (FYI: Most plants that can reproduce asexually can also reproduce sexually via flowers and seeds)

18. Mini Review What processes occur in sexual reproduction but not in asexual? Are the offspring resulting from sexual reproduction genetically identical to their parents? Are the offspring resulting from asexual reproduction genetically identical to their parents? What is a term used to describe genetically identical individuals? Can you think of a benefit to asexual reproduction? Can you think of a benefit to sexual reproduction?

19. S Haploid or diploid? Cell reproduction: interphase -- preparing for division

20. Mitosis Haploid or diploid? Cell reproduction: after prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis

21. Meiosis Haploid or diploid? Cell reproduction: after prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II and cytokinesis

25. Mini Review Wh at are two ways cells can divide? How many cells result from one round of mitosis? What type of cells does mitosis produce? Are the resulting cells from mitosis haploid or diploid? Are the resulting cells from mitosis genetically identical? How many cells result from one round of meiosis? What type of cells does meiosis produce? Are the resulting cells from meiosis haploid or diploid? Are the resulting cells from meiosis genetically identical?

26. Penny activity A penny represents a heterozygous pair of alleles, with a head side and a tail side. Each time a penny is tossed represents meiosis and the segregation of alleles into a gamete. Each gamete will have either the head allele or the tail allele. Let's say the head allele is dominant. So, "H" represents heads and "h" represents tails. Each student gets a penny then pairs with a partner. Decide who is mom and who is dad. Each tosses his/her penny to form a gamete (egg or sperm). Combine the pennies to represent fertilization. Note the zygote's genotype (the alleles it got): HH, hH, Hh, or hh, listing Mom's allele first. Repeat for a total of twelve offspring per family.

27. Mendelian Genetic Vocabulary.pptx

28. Mini Review Allelevs gene dominant vs recessive haploidvs diploid heterozygousvs homozygous mitosisvs meiosis

29. Mendel's Experiments:

30. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

32. Using Punnett Squares to predict the outcome of a genetic cross. Step 1: Define Letters Black fur allele is dominant to white. Cystic Fibrosis (a genetic disorder) is recessive. Yellow pea color is dominant to green pea color. Huntington's disease is a dominant trait. The gene for being able to roll one's tongue is dominant over the non-rolling gene.

33. Using Punnett Squares to predict the outcome of a genetic cross. Step 2: Determine parent genotypes. In these examples, use B = black, b = white. Mother is heterozygous. Father is homozygous recessive. Father is homozygous black. Mother is white. Mother is black.

34. Using Punnett Squares to predict the outcome of a genetic cross. Step 3: Set up Punnett Square TT and tt Nn and Nn Nn and nn RR and Rr tt and tt

35. Using Punnett Squares to predict the outcome of a genetic cross. Step 4: Offspring genotype N n H h N N n n n n n n nn H HH H H h h h h h

36. Using Punnett Squares to predict the outcome of a genetic cross. Step 5: Determine phenotype percents. N = normal, n = Cystic Fibrosis 1.25% NN 50% Nn 25% nn 2.50% Nn 50% nn 3.100% nn H = Huntingtons, h = healthy 4. 50% HH 50% Hh 5.25% HH 50% Hh 25% hh 6.50% Hh 50% hh

37. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype % Tay Sachs is a disorder caused by a recessive allele. If a person heterozygous for the disorder marries a person who lacks the Tay Sachs allele, what are the chances their children will have Tay Sachs?

38. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype % A homozygous short pea plant is crossed with a homozygous tall pea plant. What will be the genotype and phenotype percents of the offspring if tall is dominant?

39. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype % Huntington's disease is caused by a dominant allele. If a person heterozygous for the disorder marries a person who lacks the Huntington's allele, what are the chances their children will get Huntington's disease?

40. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype % A heterozygous pea plant is crossed with a homozygous short pea plant. What will be the genotype and phenotype percents of the offspring if tall is dominant?

41. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype % A normally pigmented man whose mother was an albino marries a normally pigmented woman whose father was an albino. The gene for albinism is recessive and normal skin is dominant. What are the chances this couple will have albino children?

42. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

43. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

44. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

45. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

46. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

47. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

48. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

49. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

50. Define letters Parent genotypes Offspring genotype % Offspring phenotype %

51. Rebops

54. What genes contribute to you Rebop babies characteristics? What are the alleles for, say, tail shape? If TT Curly tail, Tt Curly tail, tt straight tail which allele is dominant for tail shape ? If Mom and Dad Rebops have the same genotype (TT, tt, or Tt), and all possible phenotypes are represented among their offspring, what does this tell you about the parent genotypes? If you know the genotypes of parents, can you predict any particular offprings phenotype? If NN red nose, Nn orange nose, nn yellow nose, is any allele dominant?

55. Hints: use the glossary on page 88 to help with definitions. do Punnett squares for questions 4-6. "Co-dominant" is when both alleles are expressed, like for nose color: NN = rednn = yellowNn = orange Rebops

56. Rebops Punnett Square Practice Mom's alleles: Dd Aa Nn Ee Mm Tt Ll Dad's alleles: Dd Aa Nn Ee Mm Tt Ll 1. What are the chances offspring will be heterozygous for gene "D?" 2. What are the chances offspring will be heterozygous for ANY one gene if parents are heterozygous for it? 3. What are the chances of an offspring being heterozygous for all genes, like it's parents?

58. Attachments Mendel's peas genetics - Experiments that changed the world..mp4 Mendelian Genetic Vocabulary.pptx