1. Museum Entrance Indus River Valley Egypt Chinese River Valley Welcome to the Museum of Ancient Civilizations. Curator’s Offices Rome Greece Mesopotamia Utopia

2. Curator’s Office Warren McDaniel, Chris Radomski and Alex Frederick Place your picture here. Note: Virtual museums were first introduced by educators at Keith Valley Middle School in Horsham, Pennsylvania. This template was designed by Dr. Christy Keeler. View the Educational Virtual Museums website for more information on this instructional technique.Keith Valley Middle SchoolDr. Christy KeelerEducational Virtual Museums Return to Entry We are in the 10 th grade at Texas High School and made our virtual museum for our World History class. Warren and Alex are 15, and Chris is 16 years old. We enjoyed making this project and hope y’all enjoy it too.

3. Room 1 Return to Entry Artifact 2 Indus River Valley Artifact 3 Artifact 2 Artifact 2

4. Room 2 Return to Entry Artifact 6Mesopotamia Artifact 7

5. Room 3 Return to Entry Artifact 10 Chinese River Valley

6. Room 4 Return to Entry Artifact 14Egypt Artifact 15

7. Room 4 Return to Entry Artifact 14Rome Artifact 15

8. Room 4 Return to EntryGreece Artifact 15 Artifact 14

9. Room 5 Return to EntryWarcrystalix Artifact 18 Artifact 19

10. Linked citation goes here “The Egypt Studio.” Sofiatopia.org. 31 Dec. 2011. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Ceremonial Dagger The ceremonial dagger was found in King Tutankhamen's tomb. Daggers were usually used for protection and is believed that this one was in his tomb for that reason.

11. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Egypt Map Egypt was in the desert but received water, trade, and transportation from the Nile river. The river made their land fertile and the sand kept out invaders.

12. Linked citation goes here “Stela of Mentuwoser.” Metmuseum.org. 11 Oct. 2011. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Stela Stela’s were limestone rectangular slabs that records were carved into with drawing and words. Today ancient stelas show that Egyptians carved not only pictures but words and letters into limestone for record keeping.

13. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Egyptian Coins.” Ancientresource.com. 26 Sep. 2011. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Egyptian coins The Egyptian Government invented coins to make trade easier. They were made from Bronze and had a variety of different faces on them. Some have Cleopatra, others have Zeus, some more different one have Alexander the great.

14. Linked citation goes here “Tanis.” art-and- archaeology.com. 7 Oct. 2011. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Egyptian City Tanis Tanis was a port city in the northeast Delta. It was the capital city of the 21 st and 22 nd dynasties in the Third Intermediate Period. Rulers brought valuable statues and monuments from all over to decorate.

15. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Egyptian Predynastic Period.” Ancientresource.com. 26 Sep. 2011. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Pottery Some Egyptians specialized in making pottery. Typically made out of light earthen deposits Egyptians would make and sell the hand crafted pottery. The picture shows 3 Terracota Jars used for breads and liquids.

16. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Rome.” Rome.info. 11 Oct. 2011. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Roman Numerals The Romans developed a number system called Roman Numerals. The numbers were symbolized by letters. Roman numerals are still used to this day in most everyday life.

17. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Rome.” Rome.info. 11 Oct. 2011. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Gladius Some Romans specialized in military service. The Gladius was the sword Roman military armies and officers used. It was a basic design made to be easier to use and more simple.

18. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Map of Rome The hills of Rome make it easier to defend because it allows the troops to have the high ground. The soil is also very fertile and has a constant source of fresh water.

19. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Roman Cities” Roman-colosseum.info. 7 Aug. 2009. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Londinium Londinium contained large buildings and a large population. For example, Londinium not only contained a large courthouse but a large marketplace and amphitheatre as well. The theatre could hold 8000 people. The city was destroyed by an army of Queen Boadicea.

20. Linked citation goes here “Roman Paganism.” Roman-Empire.net. N.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Rome Religion Romans believed in multiple gods. They named their gods after the planets, such as Venus or Neptune. They believed each god controlled a certain element or part of the world. Neptune had control over the seas and ground.

21. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Rome.” Rome.info. 11 Oct. 2011. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Roman Coliseum The Roman Coliseum was a big step in technology and architecture. The coliseum was used for entertainment by forcing gladiators (usually slaves, prisoners of war, or criminals) to fight to the death. If the ground became to wet with blood they would cover it with a fresh layer of sand.

22. Linked citation goes here “Indus Valley.” Ancientindia.co. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Moheno-Daro Moheno-Daro rose around 2500 B.C. and ended around 1500 B.C. The Indus civilization was most likely destroyed by the European migrants from Iran, the Aryans. The city was built of fire-baked bricks. The city’s layout was surprisingly neat and orderly. They also built their sewer system from fire-baked bricks.

23. Linked citation goes here “The Indus Valley.” History-World.org. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Indus Religion Religion was an important part of Indus life. The main religions were Buddhism and Hinduism. Hinduism was made long before Buddhism which gave it a rhythm or daily routine in everyday Indus life.

24. Linked citation goes here “The Indus Valley.” History-World.org. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Vedas The Vedas were books in which the Indus people wrote down almost everything. The books say that they valued music and dance. The ancient books also mentioned that Aryans were fond of chariot racing and gambling.

25. Linked citation goes here “The Indus Valley.” History-World.org. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Spear and Arrow Head Some Indus people Specialized in Hunting and military services. They used sharpened and jagged stones as weapons. They would attach the sharp and jagged stones onto smooth wood and stick to make arrows, knifes, spears, and other various tools and weapons. Although basic equipment, the Indus people seemed to make good use of rocks.

26. Linked citation goes here “The Indus Valley.” History-World.org. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Irrigation System The Indus people created and irrigation system to farm and so that floods would not wash away their civilization. They used the run off water for farming without it destroying their crops. This irrigation system was needed for their survival.

27. Linked citation goes here The Indus River Valley survived due to its location. Its surrounding rivers provided water and fertile soil. Although its location did cause frequent flooding which forced the Indus people to build an irrigation system. Return to Exhibit Indus River Valley Map

28. Linked citation goes here “River Valley Civilization.” Rivervalleycivilizations.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Silk Cloth Silk was considered a delicacy and rare which made it good for trading with the rest of the world. Silk was made from silk worms and was also made paper.

29. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Chinese River Valley Map The river supplies a direct route to sea. The River also supplies a source of fresh water. The land is fertile. The Land creates a barrier so the civilizations thought they were the only life for many years.

30. Sparta. “Sparta.” Sparta.net. 11 Oct. 2011. Web 11 Oct. 2011. Linked citation goes here Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon, was a city state in the central finger of Peloponnese. It was the greatest military power of Greece. Their whole civilization is based off fighting. Sparta was defeated in 371 BC by Thebes in the Battle of Leuctra, ending its role in Greece. Return to Exhibit Sparta

31. Linked citation goes here Greece is mostly surrounded by water, making travel, trade and fishing easier. This constant access to water also makes farming easier as well. Return to Exhibit Map of Greece

32. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Greece.” Ancientgreece.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Greek Alphabet The Greeks made their own language and alphabet which consisted of shapes representing words or letters. They invented a lot of signs and symbols used today like, Δ delta which means change.

33. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Greece.” Ancientgreece.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Greek Boat Makers Greeks used two kinds of ships: Cargo ships and Military ships. Some carpenters specialized in making boats or ships for the Greek military and government. They were engineers.

34. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Greece.” Ancientgreece.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Crossbow Greeks used a crossbow during war and battles. They made them out of wood and were small enough to carry.

35. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Greece.” Ancientgreece.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Greek Gods Greeks believed in several gods. They believed in the Olympians that live on Mount Olympus. The Olympians were gods that each ruled over certain aspects of the world or elements. Zeus is considered god of gods and lightning. Poseidon is considered god of the sea. They would pray to the gods and ask for their help.

36. Linked citation goes here The Chinese river valley’s government was a dynasty. According to political theory every dynasty has a cycle. A new ruler unites china and founds a new dynasty the dynasty is prosperous and becomes wealthy then the family becomes corrupted and decays the dynasty then loses its mandate of heaven and is overthrown by rebellion and a new family earns the mandate of heaven. “River Valley Civilization.” Rivervalleycivilizations.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Dynasty

37. Linked citation goes here The Chinese originally made paper from silk and papyrus, but silk was expensive and hard to make so eventually was no longer used as paper. “River Valley Civilization.” Rivervalleycivilizations.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Silk Paper

38. Linked citation goes here Silk was transformed into paper by a process of pasting, but because silk was expensive, wool and cotton came to be used instead. “River Valley Civilization.” Rivervalleycivilizations.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Making Paper

39. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Mesopotamia.” Ablemedia.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Cylinder Signature The Mesopotamians would each make a clay cylinder that they would engrave certain pictures or designs on. When they rolled it on a something they had done everyone would know who’s it was. It was like a signature. Everyone had a unique one designed by themselves.

40. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Mesopotamia.” Ablemedia.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Ziggurat Mesopotamians made Ziggurats which were temples. They used the Ziggurats to worship their gods. Throughout the day people would leave food and other offerings to the gods, but the gods could not use them so the priest would take them.

41. Linked citation goes here “Ancient Mesopotamia.” Ablemedia.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Ur Ur was the capital of Mesopotamia. There were lots of houses and other buildings making it very cramped. Its maximum size was 54 acres.

42. Linked citation goes here Mesopotamia was in between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Being in between two rivers provided excellent soil and easy transportation and trade. Mesopotamia was kind of separated from the rest of the civilizations being in between two rivers. Return to Exhibit Map of Mesopotamia

43. Linked citation goes here Mesopotamians invented the sickle sword. They believed their gods used that design for a sword. Their used them to show power. They designed it to represent authority. Whoever wielded it had a lot of authority and power. “Ancient Mesopotamia.” Ablemedia.com. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Sickle Sword

44. Linked citation goes here Mesopotamian woman could specialize in crafting jewelry, which could be sold, traded, or just worn and used as art. Typically jewelry was made of stones or bronze. “Mesopotamian Deities.” Metmuseum.org. N.D. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Mesopotamian Jewelry

45. Linked citation goes here Warcrystalix writes and record everything down in old English. It is sometimes called Anglo-Saxon. There are four different dialects of old English known as, Northumbrian, Mercia, Kentish and West-Saxon. Warcrystalix primarily uses Mercia. Return to Exhibit Old English

46. Linked citation goes here Warcrystalix has few cities, but each city contains a Castle for the King and Priest to stay in when they visit that city. The King and Priest are needed all over the civilization so they don’t stay in one city for too long. Their main home is in the capital, Chrystawar. Return to Exhibit Ye Old City, Chrystawar.

47. Linked citation goes here Warcrystalix civilization invented wagons to help carry supplies from place to place. They were constructed of wood and used to carry items like hay, crops, yeast and other items of trade. “Medieval Civilization General Resources.” Archaeolink.com. N.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Wagon

48. Linked citation goes here In Warcrystalix the church has a powerful roll in our government. The church is the reason for all the crusades and help decide taxes and laws. Warcrystalix is a civilization under God and God will lead us in the right direction. He is our king. “Medieval Civilization General Resources.” Archaeolink.com. N.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Exhibit Government Church

49. Linked citation goes here Warcrystalix is completely surrounded by water. This is a disadvantage and an advantage. Enemies can more easily surround them, a massive disadvantage. However, since water is so near, travel is very easy and fishing is easy. Return to Entrance Warcrystalix Map Artifact 18

50. Linked citation goes here The medieval sword was used mainly by knights. The knights armor was extremely expensive. One knight was worth ten soldiers. Swords started out as heavy double sided blades. They evolved into diamond shaped swords, more capable of piercing chain-mail. The six types of swords are: the broadsword, falchion sword, greatsword, longsword, scimitar, and the cutting sword. “Medieval Civilization General Resources.” Archaeolink.com. N.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. Return to Entrance Medieval Sword