1. THE PERIODIC TABLE

2. OUTLINE History of Periodic Table Periodic Table Organization
Group/Family
Representative Elements
Transition Elements
Inner Transition Elements
Types of Elements
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids

3. HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
By the Mid-1800s, there were 65 known elements.
Scientists began to recognize patterns after recording information such as:
chemical reactivity (ex: bonding patterns)
physical properties (ex: state of matter, mass)

4. HISTORY . . . DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834-1907) Why “PERIODIC”?
Wrote out elements in order of increasing ATOMIC MASS, and ended up with a table!
Now organized according to:
ATOMIC NUMBER
NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
Why “PERIODIC”?
Periodic means repeating patterns and properties.

5. PERIODIC TABLE ORGANIZATION
The periodic table is arranged in rows and columns.
PERIOD
Horizontal rows on table
7 in total
Atomic Mass and Atomic Number increase from LEFT TO RIGHT

6. ORGANIZATION . . . GROUP Also known as FAMILY
Vertical columns on table
Elements of the same group have similar but not identical properties.
There are two number systems for groups:
CURRENT: 1-18
OLD: ROMAN NUMERALS
IA – VIIIA
IB - VIIIB

7. ORGANIZATION . . . GROUP 1 – Alkali Metals LINK
Soft, silver, react violently with water
GROUP 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals
Shiny, silver, light, reactive
GROUP 17 – Halogens
Extremely reactive, poisonous
GROUP 18 – Noble Gases
INERT  Not reactive under normal laboratory conditions

8. ORGANIZATION

9. Organization . . . REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS AKA Group A elements
Groups IA-VIIIA, or 1, 2, 13-18
These elements illustrate the ENTIRE RANGE OF PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS.

10. ORGANIZATION . . . TRANSITION ELEMENTS AKA Group B elements
Group IB-VIIIB, or the “lower” groups
Metallic elements that exhibit some different properties due to their electron arrangements.

11. ORGANIZATION . . . INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Removed from the main table as a matter of convenience in organizing table
Two names:
57-71  LANTHANIDES (rare earth)
 ACTINIDES (radioactive)

12. METALS TYPES OF ELEMENTS Nonmetals Metalloids H He Li Be B C N O F Ne1 He 2 1 Li 3 Be 4 B 5 C 6
Nonmetals N 7 O 8 F 9 Ne 10 2 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 3 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 4
METALS Rb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 5
Metalloids Cs 55 Ba 56 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 6 * Fr 87 Ra 88 Rf
104 Db
105 Sg
106 Bh
107 Hs
108 Mt
109 7 W La 57 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71 Ac 89 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm
100 Md
101 No
102 Lr
103

13. TYPES OF ELEMENTS
There are three types of elements on the periodic table:
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids
The STAIRCASE LINE on the periodic table divides the METALS and the NONMETALS.
The ratio of metals to nonmetals is about 4:1.

14. METALS
Substances found on the Left Hand Side of the staircase on the periodic table.
Physical properties include:
Shiny
Solids at room temperature (except Hg)
Good conductors of electricity
Ductile (can be stretched into wire)
Malleable (can be hammered in shapes)

15. NON-METALS
Substances found on the Right Hand Side of the staircase on the periodic table.
Physical properties include:
Dull
Brittle
S, L, or G at room temperature
Poor conductors/good insulators

16. METALLOIDS AKA semi-metals
Substances that are found ON the staircase on the periodic table.
Have properties of BOTH metals and nonmetals.
In general,
Hard, but sometimes brittle
Solid
High melting points
Weak (or not at all) conductors of electricity

17. HYDROGEN The “rebel” of the periodic table!
It does not really “belong” anywhere.
Hydrogen is usually located on the top left hand corner of the table, even though it has both metallic and nonmetallic properties.