1. Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods
PERIODIC TABLE
Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods

2. The Periodic Table

3. Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev
- published first periodic table in 1869
- arranged elements according to atomic mass
Henry Moseley
- arranged the periodic table for today
- arranged elements according to atomic number

4. METALS Left side of the Periodic Table
Less than 4 electrons in outer orbit
Give away electrons when forming bonds
(+ ions)

5. METALS Have a luster = shiny often gray in color.
Are malleable – Can be bent or pounded into shape without breaking
Are ductile – Can be formed into wire
Are good conductors of heat and electricity

6. Examples of Metals

7. NON-METALS Opposite of Metals Right side of the stair step line
More than 4 electrons in their outer orbit
Take electrons when forming bonds (- ions)

8. NON-METALS Have a dull finish Are brittle and powdery
Are not ductile – can’t be made into a wire
Are poor conductors of heat and electricity

9. Examples of Non Metals

10. METALLOIDS Elements have properties of metals and nonmetals
Found along the stair step line on the Periodic Table

11. Examples of Metalloids
Boron

12. Element Song
Want to hear a cool song????

14. Groups / Families
Groups or families are the vertical columns on the periodic table.
These elements have the same number of electrons in their outer orbits.
They also have many characteristics in common.
The group IIa elements; beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, & barium. They are called the Alkali Earth Metals.

15. Groups / Families Which elements are these? upper left – magnesium
lower right - calcium
What do they have in common?
The same number of electrons in their outer orbit.

17. Alkali Metal Family Each has only one electron in it’s outer orbit
Soft metals that rapidly corrode when exposed to air
React violently with water
Part of many common salts

18. Alkaline Earth Metals Have 2 electrons in their outer orbits.
Highly reactive and corrosive metals.
Magnesium is found in abundance in sea water.
Calcium is important for bones and teeth.

19. Transition Metals –Groups 3-12
Form colorful compounds
Have various properties – less reactive

20. Groups / Families
Group VIIa is the Halogen family; fluorine, chlorine, bromine, & iodine.
What do all of these elements have in common?
Each has 7 electrons in its outer orbit.
What characteristics do they have in common?
All are very toxic and used as germ killers.

21. Halogens Selected Properties of the Group 7 Halogens Symbol and Name
Atomic Number
Electron arrangement
State and color at room temperature, color of vapor when heated
Melting point
Boiling point F
Fluorine 9
2.7
-220oC, 53K
-188oC 85K
Cl Chlorine 17
2.8.7
-101oC, 172K
 -34oC, 239K
Br Bromine 35
-7oC, 266K
59oC, 332K I
Iodine 53
114oC, 387K
185oC, 458K
At Astatine 85
302oC 575K
337oC 610K
black solid, very dark vapour
dark red liquid, orange to bromine vapour
pale yellow gas
green gas
very dark grey solid, purple vapour

22. Noble or Inert Gases Have full outer orbits.
Are gases at room temperature.
They rarely form compounds. Inert!!
Helium is the second most abundant element in the cosmos.

23. Periods Periods are the horizontal rows on the periodic table.
Elements in the same period have the same number of orbits containing electrons.
These elements do not have many other characteristics in common.

24. Lanthanides First row at bottom of periodic table
Rare elements found in the Earth
Used in lamps, lasers, magnets, and motion picture projectors.
Silvery-white metals that tarnish when exposed to air
Relatively soft metals.
High melting points and boiling points.
Very reactive.
Burn easily in air.
At elevated temperatures, many rare earths ignite and burn vigorously.
Their compounds glow strongly under ultraviolet light.

25. Actinides Second row at bottom of periodic table
Most are synthetic (man-made)
Most are radioactive.
The metals tarnish readily in air.
Actinides are very dense metals
They react with boiling water and release hydrogen gas.
Actinides combine directly with most nonmetals.