1. GANDHI "Copyright: Vithalbhai Jhaveri/GandhiServe" WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Year 12 History and Indian Independence

2. Contents This powerpoint presentation is designed to be used as an introduction or for revision of History 2.6 AS90470 version 2. ‘Examine individual or group identity in an historical setting, in an essay.’ Focus is on Gandhi as the Individual Factors that have contributed to the formation of an individual Expression of that identity Characteristics of Gandhi WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ

3. Achievement with Excellence Comprehensively explain a range of factors that have contributed to the formation of an individual or group identity, and ways the identity was expressed, in an historical setting. Comprehensively explain characteristics of the individual or group identity. Extract from NZQA History 2.6 AS 90470 Version 2

4. Father FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO GANDHI’S IDENTITY: Father WAYS IDENTITY EXPRESSED: Politics Politics Caste Caste Celibacy Celibacy Gandhi drawing by Fitzgerald. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ

5. Hindu FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO GANDHI’S IDENTITY: Hindu Indian Indian Unity of religion Unity of religion Vegetarian Vegetarian Spiritual SpiritualGita WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ WAYS IDENTITY EXPRESSED: Gandhi sitting for a sculptor, circa 1931, photographer unknown, SchoolhistoryNZ collection.

6. FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO GANDHI’S IDENTITY: Wife WAYS IDENTITY EXPRESSED: Child marriage Children Children Women’s rights Women’s rights Scenes from old India, women at tomb of Itmad-ud-daula, Agra, India (photographer unknown: SchoolhistoryNZ collection.

7. The British Empire Supporter Ambulance Corps English language Anglophile London Viceroy Quit India FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO GANDHI’S FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO GANDHI’S IDENTITY: The British Empire WAYS IDENTITY EXPRESSED: Supporter Ambulance Corps English language Anglophile London Viceroy Quit India WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ

8. FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO GANDHI’S IDENTITY:Nationalism WAYS IDENTITY EXPRESSED: Campaigns Campaigns Politics Politics Promoting India Promoting India Hind Swaraj Hind Swaraj Left: Village scene depicting poverty in old India, (photographer unknown: schoolhistoryNZ collection.

9. FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO GANDHI’S IDENTITY: South Africa South Africa WAYS IDENTITY EXPRESSED: Lawyer ReputationSatyagraha

10. FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO GANDHI’S IDENTITY: Train Train WAYS IDENTITY EXPRESSED: Humility Satyagraha Satyagraha Miniature sheet postage stamps issued by India to commemorate the Salt March.

11. Characteristics Saintly: Gandhi was influenced early by his ‘saintly and deeply religious’ mother. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Left: Workers at the River Duma (photographer unknown: schoolhistoryNZ collection.

12. Characteristics Energetic Energetic : He was an active man right until his death. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ

13. Characteristics Educated Educated : He was a university graduate and a skilful lawyer. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ

14. Characteristics Khadi: Khadi: He encouraged the spinning of khadi and it became a symbol of Gandhi and his cause. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ

15. Characteristics CharacteristicsPolitician: He became an able politician; someone equally at ease with people from the highest and lowest backgrounds. He became leader of the Congress party and India’s representative at the Round Table Conferences. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Top-right: water carrier at Taj Mahal, India (photographer unknown: schoolhistoryNZ collection.

16. CharacteristicsOrganiser: His campaigns of protest became legendary for their simplicity and effectiveness. He quickly saw what needed to be done and was able to come up with innovative political solutions. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ

17. CharacteristicsSpiritual: Gandhi was given the title of ‘Mahatma’ for his spirituality and leadership qualities. He transcended religion and it was something of a spiritual experience to see or be near Gandhi. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ

18. CharacteristicsStaff: Gandhi always walked where he could and used a long staff as a walking stick. He had so few possessions: glasses, staff, sandals, book and monkey ornament, that they came to symbolise the man himself. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Above: "Copyright: Vithalbhai Jhaveri/GandhiServe"

19. CharacteristicsRevered: He was universally admired for his determination and genuine spirituality and belief in equality and non-violence. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Scenes from the River Duma (photographer unknown: schoolhistoryNZ collection.

20. CharacteristicsIndian: As an Indian Gandhi was the right man in the right place at the right time. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Scenes from India (photographers unknown: schoolhistoryNZ collection.

21. CharacteristicsUnwavering: He never lost sight of his causes and persisted until the end even though at times he compromised his personal relationships. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Scenes from India (photographers unknown: schoolhistoryNZ collection.

22. Characteristics Dhoti: Dhoti: His distinctive loincloth which he made himself allowed him to identify with the peasants and became symbolic of the man and his beliefs, and became a symbol of Gandhi and his cause. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ ‘Punch’ cartoon depicting Gandhi and Jinnah.”When East meets West” August 9, 1944

23. CharacteristicsLeader: His humble demeanour and his quick wit combined with his astute reading of people and the law made him an able leader. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ

24. Summary WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Gandhi the Failure Caste system still survives. Hindu/Muslims still divided. Non-violence has few followers in India today. Simple living not attractive. Inconsistent views. Simplistic views of the economy Gandhi the Success He remains an ideal Commitment to non violence was unshakeable Commitment to truth an example to others. Satyagraha was new and effective Inspiration to Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela

25. WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Scenes of old ‘India’ Scenes from the River Duma (photographer unknown: schoolhistoryNZ collection. Above right: Scenes from India (photographer unknown: schoolhistoryNZ collection.

26. Video 1 WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ Real News Footage of Mahatma Gandhi 1948, India, approx 45 secs Footage: "Courtesy: GandhiServe Foundation, www.gandhiserve.org"

27. Great Gandhi Posters Available Contact WWW.SCHOOLHISTORY.CO.NZ