1. Business Policy Switch 2000

2. Business Policy Switch 2000 Product Overview

3. Introducing the New… Business Policy Switch 2000
Nortel Networks High Performance, High Density, Stackable , 10/ Mbps Quality of Service LAN EDGE Solution.
The Business Policy Switch Delivers:
Industry Leading QoS Capabilities and Features
Web Based Management
Converged Media Support
High Performance
Fail-Safe Stackability
Flexible High-Speed Uplinks
Advanced Software Features
Investment Protection
Unmatched Price/Performance
First Customer Ship
August 23, 2000!!!
The Business Policy Switch is a solution that addresses existing, new, and emerging network requirements for Quality of Service and delivers the advanced features that will take businesses confidently to and beyond the 2nd Wave of E-Business.
Officially Announced June 13th as part of the Business Series Portfolio launch in conjunction with the Business Communications Manager, the Business Policy Switch aggressively enters the global small to medium and enterprise network market on August 23, 2000 as the most advanced, industry leading Quality of Service stackable ethernet solution with the best price/performance ratio in its class.
The Business Policy Switch provides the industry’s highest level of network density, availability, manageability, reliability, resiliency and predictability.
Let’s take a look at what the Business Policy Switch offers the network.

4. The Business Policy Switch – What is it?
Stackable High Performance L2 switch with Hardware Based L3/L4 IP packet classification, prioritization, marking & Quality of Service capabilities
10/ Mbps Switch in a 24 Port configuration with 1 MDA port, and 1 cascade stack module port
The Stackable High Performance Switching solution that integrates with Nortel Networks;
BayStack 450 & 410s Switches to deliver Investment Protection
Business Communications Manager to provide toll quality IP telephony
Passport Routing Switches to support End-to-End Policy Enabled Network
Nortel Networks Business Policy Switch is a High Density Stackable Layer 2 Switch with Layer 3 and Layer 4 packet classification and Quality of Service capabilities. It comes in a fixed 24 10/100 auto-sensing port configuration with a LinkSafe Uplink or Media Dependant Adapter Port and a Fail Safe Cascade Stack Module port.
The Business Policy Switch is important to Nortel Networks High Performance Network Architecture because it seamlessly integrates with existing BayStack 450 and 410 switches. This enables policy and web management in a mixed or hybrid switch environment and provides unparalleled investment protection for the customer. It also
provides the High Performance IP infrastructure that can support the advanced IP telephony applications of the Business Communications Manager and the i2004 Ethernet Sets.
The Business Policy Switch delivers the ethernet solution that leverages the robust and intelligent Passport routing switches in the network core for the complete end-to-end Quality of Service enabled network.
The Business Policy Switch has the ability to classify and prioritize LAN IP traffic so that businesses can offer reliable connectivity and network availability for mission critical devices, applications, groups and users.

5. What does the Business Policy Switch do for the network?
Ensures connectivity and Network availability for mission critical devices, applications, users, and groups
Classifies and Prioritizes IP Traffic so that QoS Policies can be easily implemented and traffic can be handled in the appropriate and specified manner
Provides Advanced Web Based Management to BayStack switches in mixed switch stack environments
Supports converged voice, video and data applications with Time Sensitive / Delay Intolerant IP Data in a reliable manner
Maintains and keeps the characteristics of the network as predictable as possible via Traffic Shaping and Policing
= Dramatically Increases Network Performance & Reliability
How does the Business Policy Switch benefit the network or more importantly, the business?
The Business Policy Switch ensures connectivity and network availability for mission critical or business critical devices, users, groups or applications.
The Business Policy Switch classifies and prioritizes traffic so that it is handled appropriately and in the specified or required manner. It also provides advanced Web-based management to Business Policy Switches and to existing BayStack 450 and 410 stacks.
The Policy Switch provides support for converged voice, video and data applications, and maintains and keeps the characteristics of the network as predictable as possible which improves and dramatically increases any businesses network performance, predictability and reliability.

6. Business Policy Switch Basic Configurations
rear view (all units)
Business Policy Switch 10/ switch available in 24 Port configurations, with:
- one MDA slot (front)
- one cascade module slot (rear)
front view, Business Policy Switches
Supported Media Dependent Adapters (MDAs)
Cascade Stacking Module
The Business Policy Switch comes in a standard stackable 24, 10/100 Auto-sensing port configuration that supports one LinkSafe High Speed Uplink and one Cascade Stacking Module and a variety of UPLINK options.
At First Customer Ship, the Business Policy Switch supports three new media dependant adapters which are shown on this chart.
The Business Policy Switch supports all of the BayStack 450 Gigabit Media Dependent Adaptors. However, only two not 4 hardware based queues are allowed in this configuration. Please note that in 2001 a new version of the Business Policy Switch will be available that will support 8 hardware based queues.
BPS2000-4TX 4-port 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX MDA
BPS2000-4FX 4-port 100BASE-FX MDA
BPS2000-2FX 2-port 100BASE-FX MDA
450-1SX 1-port 1000BASE-SX Single PHY MDA*
450-1SR 1-port 1000BASE-SX Redundant PHY MDA*
450-1LX 1-port 1000BASE-LX Single PHY MDA*
450-1LR 1-port 1000Base-LX Redundant PHY MDA*
BayStack 400-ST1 Cascade Module
* Note: BS 450 Gigabit MDAs will be supported but only utilize two hardware based queues

7. Business Policy Switch 2000 Key Product Features

8. Business Policy Switch Key Product Attributes
QoS and Policy Management
Support for IETF standard DiffServ QoS Architecture
L3/L4 packet classification, prioritization and marking
4 Hardware based priority or CoS output queues, weighted fair queuing
Modification of TOS/Diffserv byte stack
Web-Based Management
Agent provides HTML-based Management to BayStack 450/410 Switches as part of Business Policy Switch Mixed Stack
Provides multiple ways to derive network and individual device information locally and remotely
QoS Wizard
Robust Fail Safe Stacking Architecture and Resiliency Components
The Business Policy Switch will seamlessly integrate with Nortel Networks :
BayStack 450 & 410s Switches to deliver Investment Protection
Business Communications Manager to provide toll quality IP telephony
Passport Routing Switches to support End-to-End Policy Enabled Network
The key attributes of the Business Policy Switch are its advanced QoS features, web-based management capabilities, robust fail-safe stacking architecture, resiliency components and its ability to seamlessly integrate and support multiple Nortel Network solutions.
By adding a Business Policy Switch to an existing BayStack 450 or 410 switch stack, QoS and web-based management is supported across the entire stack.
Adding a Business Policy Switch to a Business Communications Manager, offers reliable connectivity for the i2004 IP sets, and marks and expedites those packets which delivers toll quality voice over an IP network.
By deploying the Business Policy Switch a business can deliver end-to-end Policy because the Business Policy Switch can leverage investment of Passport routing switching in the core.

9. Business Policy Switch Features and Benefits
Makes network more predictable and reliable so that the network can provide better or “special” service to users/devices and applications
Increased and Improved Manageability
High Density and Continuous network uptime
Protects connections to mission-critical servers and the network center
High-speed networking
Future-proofs the network
Flexibility to fit into any high-speed backbone type
Backwards Compatibility and Investment Protection
Features
DiffServ QoS Architecture
Layer 3 & 4 Packet Classification, Prioritization and Marking
Web Based Management
Fail Safe Stackability for affordable 10Mbps, flexible 10/100 autosense ports, and fiber 100 Mbps ports
MultiLink Trunking across the stack
3 million packets per second frame forwarding
Advanced software features
Slot for Link Safe High Speed Uplinks (MDAs)
Web & Policy Enabling Existing BayStack 450/410(s)
Nortel Networks Business Policy Switch benefits any network because it has the ability to ensure reliable connectivity and network availability for mission critical or business critical devices, users, groups or applications. The switch’s unique and advanced QoS capabilities make the network more predictable and reliable. Network resources are optimized because mission critical applications and data are provided better or special service based on their priority to the overall business objectives.
Overall network manageability is increased and improved when the Business Policy Switch is deployed in a Business Policy Switch only or mixed and hybrid BayStack 450/410 / and Business Policy Switch stacks. Web-based management provides summary, configuration, fault, statistics, applications, and administration for the entire Stack whether it is pure Business Policy Switch or hybrid via a single IP address. The HTML interface allows users or network administrators to set QoS policies via its web-based QoS Wizard and Advanced QoS Configuration Tool. Another benefit of the Business Policy Switch’s web-based management is its ability to perform and provide real-time sampling to provide up to the minute LED readings, and statistical information.
The Business Policy Switch’s redundancy and resiliency features like Multi-Link Trunking and Fail-Safe Stackability work to increase overall network reliability by eliminating costly productivity loss due to congestion and network down time due to equipment failure.

10. Business Policy Switch 2000 Quality of Service

11. Business Policy Switch IP Quality of Service (QoS) Primer
QoS provides the ability to read , alter, prioritize and tag or mark IP traffic based upon information imbedded in Type of Service (ToS) field in the IP header as established by the IETF committee
DiffServ is based upon Type of Service (ToS) field
The Business Policy Switch employs a DSCP-to-802.1p mapping table via Hardware Based ASICs
DiffServ used over IntServ due to superior scaling capabilities
The ability to prioritize traffic allows for
Better voice quality when using IP telephony
Better quality streaming videos and video conferencing
The ability to offer levels of service based upon bandwidth allocation
The Business Policy Switch delivers unprecedented and industry-leading Quality of Service features.
Based on the IETF Committee’s industry standards, the Business Policy Switch provides the ability to prioritize traffic based upon the required level of service for a given transaction or transmission. This level of service is and can be marked in the imbedded information inside each IP packet’s type of service field. The Business Policy Switch has applications specific integrated circuits on each of its 24 ports so that the type of service field or Differentiated Service Code points to the appropriate p priority.
The Business Policy Switch uses industry standards to improve the quality of voice, video and applications being used and delivered on networks where QoS is deployed.
Video Server
FTP Server
Desktop
I2004 IP Phone

12. Differentiated Services Field
IP Header
6 Bytes
6 Bytes
4 Bytes
2 Bytes
Bytes
Dest
MAC
Source
MAC
802.1q
Tag
Protocol
Type
Data
Differentiated Services Field (DS)
3 Priority
bits C F
VLAN ID
DSCP CU CU
The Differentiated Services Code Point, or DSCP, field in the IP header is intended to supersede the existing definitions of the Type of Service field and the Traffic Class field, respectively.
Six bits of the Differentiated Services field are used as a codepoint to select the Per Hop Behavior, or PHB, a packet experiences at each node. DiffServ-compliant nodes must select PHB by matching against the entire six-bit DSCP field. The DSCP value is treated as a table index that is used to select a particular packet-handling mechanism.
The Business Policy Switch uses the six bits of the DiffServ code point to identify and mark IP packets. In the case of network congestion, the marking of the DSCP field allows the DiffServ node to determine the relative importance of the packet. A congested DiffServ node tries to protect packets with a lower drop precedence value from being lost by preferably discarding packets with a higher drop precedence value.
In a DiffServ node, or in a Business Policy Switch, the level of forwarding assurance of an IP packet depends on the available forwarding resources that have been allocated to the class of service to which the packet belongs, the current load of the class, and the drop precedence of the packet.
DSCP Marking
Differentiated Services Codepoint, six bits of the DS field are used to select the PHB that packet experiences at each node  64 possible code points
Drop Precedence Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Low
Medium
High
DiffServ Code Point is mapped to/from 802.1p User priorities

13. Queuing Function
The Business Policy Switch can read, alter and take action on the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) packet allowing for Per Hop Behavior (PHB) modification capability
Prioritization established through packet classification or explicitly through:
802.1p header
ToS / DSCP marking
MAC Source address and/or Destination address (future release)
IP SA/DA or subnet
TCP/UDP source/destination port, range (global filters only)
802.1p priority, ingress port number, IP protocol ID (ex: TCP, UDP, IGMP), L3 protocols (IP, IPX)
VLAN ID
Four hardware-based queues, Premium, Platinum, Silver and Standard, for Normal or Expedited classes of service per outbound port that classifies traffic based on priority
The Business Policy Switch has the ability to read, alter and take action on the DiffServ Code Point on each packet that travels through an outbound port, which allows the Business Policy Switch to influence the Per Hop Behavior of each IP packet.
These queues map to the IETF DiffServ architecture standards that rely on Assured Forwarding, Expedited Forwarding and Class of Service, Type of Service or DiffServ Code Point alteration and marking.
Specifically, the Business Policy Switch establishes packet classification using a wide range of accepted industry standards.
Once the Class of Service is set, the Business Policy Switch then employs four hardware based queues which are used to forward packets appropriately based on their importance and priority on the network.
Once the Business Policy switch has marked and queued the packets properly, it delivers them via a Weighted Fair Queuing or Round Robin Technique that ensures that Normal or Best Effort traffic doesn’t get unnecessarily denied.
As a result of all these advanced features, customers can be confident that the Business Policy Switch can prioritize, shape and police network traffic to improve network reliability, predictability, and performance.

14. Business Policy Switch : Queuing and QoS
Weighted Round Robin
Queues are serviced as
per the transmit opportunities
configured. Prevents
starvation of low priority
queue
IP Phone
Service Type 1
MARK PACKET L A N P O R T S F I L T E R N G 4
Voice &
MGMT
Strict Priority
Absolutely goes
through!
Service Type 2
Premium (Priority 1)
Video Server
MARK PACKET 3
Video 3
SAP
Service Type 3
Platinum (Priority 2) 3
App Server
Outgoing
PORT
MARK + POLICE 2
Silver (Priority 3)
The 24 10/100 auto-sensing LAN ports on each Business Policy Switch are configured according to the policy determining the traffic priorities. As the packets enter the switch, they are marked according to their priorities. There are 4 levels of marking: Premium, Platinum, Silver and Standard, with Premium being the highest priority.
Each level corresponds to a packet queue. These packets are then moved to the proper queue. For example, voice packets are moved to the Premium Queue, video packets to the Platinum queue, and so on.
When a packet is to be sent to the network core or WAN router, the Business Policy Switch looks at the Premium queue first. If there is a packet in that queue, it is serviced first. This process is repeated until the Premium queue is empty. Once the Premium queue is empty, the switch examines the other three queues and sends packets from those queues based on the weighted percentage that has been configured for those queues.
Assuming that the priorities are configured in the following manner, Platinum 60%, Silver 30% and Standard 10% the remaining bandwidth of the LAN port will be used in the following manner. 60% of the packets from Platinum, 30% packets from Silver, 10% packets from Standard, 60% packets from Platinum and so on. Of course, before each packet is sent, the switch examines the Premium queue and services it first if it is not empty.
The Business Policy Switch supports 4 queues that can be serviced as strict queues (empty the buffers in the top queue first, then move to the next queue) or can be serviced using WFQ where all queues get some % service so no queue gets starved. This flexibility allows network managers to make the decision about what data gets what service level from the network.
Generally, packets that enter the node are classified, policed, and marked with the appropriate DSCP and sent to the Priority Queuing, or PQ, function. PQ sorts the packets according to the DSCP setting and schedules the packets for transmission.
Policing allows the traffic conditioner to monitor traffic behavior and manage throughput by marking packets in or out of profile or dropping them. Marking is the process of setting the DiffServ byte according to policies configured in the traffic conditioner. Packets become “DiffServ traffic” at this step. Shaping allows the traffic conditioner to enforce bandwidth policies by reallocating buffer space and smoothing burst rates.
Service Type 4 2
To Network
Core or
WAN Device
POLICE PACKET 1
Web Surfing
Web Request
Standard (Priority 4)
No Service Type
CLASSIFICATION
SWITCHING
SERVICING
I N G R E S S
E G R E S S

15. Per Hop Behaviors (PHBs)
The Business Policy Switch supports the following PHBs packet-forwarding “differentiated service” treatment to packets:
Expedited Forwarding (EF) – RFC 2598
Assured Forwarding (AF) – RFC 2597
Default Forwarding (DE) – RFC 2474
Class Selector (CS) to support legacy routers – RFC 2474
How does the Network Benefit?
Network can be set up to classify and manage IP users, devices, applications according to their business value and priority
Traffic can be shaped or smoothed out to minimize effects of bursts
Traffic can be marked to designate lower-priority packets to be dropped in cases of high congestion
Traffic can be policed, ensuring conformance to corporate policies
Traffic is scheduled based on classification, through the priority queuing process
Network handles IP traffic in a more reliable manner
Prioritization of traffic flows means that traffic is classified in a network, and that the entire “class of service” is given priority. Each network node point may have its own Per Hop Behaviors, or PHBs, depending on the requirements of the traffic and the network.
This chart shows the industry standard PHBs that are supported to offer differentiated service to specific applications, users and devices.
This allows the network to be set up to classify and manage IP users, devices and applications according to their business value and forwarding requirements.
Traffic can be Shaped, Marked, Policed, and Queued which leads to a network that handles IP traffic in a more reliable manner.

16. Business Policy Switch 2000 Management

17. Web Management Business Policy Switch & BS450 / 410 Switches
Existing Stack of BayStack 450 Switches
A Single Business Policy Switch in a BayStack 450 Stack
Web management supports BPS-only or hybrid/mixed stack with BS 450/410
Provides summary, configuration, fault, statistics, application, administration and support pages for entire Stack ( Pure or Hybrid)
Set traffic prioritization and classification via Web-Based QoS Wizard and advanced configuration tool
Real-time sampling provides up-to-date LED, stats info for stacked units
Web interface also allows for static configuration of numerous parameters of the device
The overall network manageability is improved when the Business Policy Switch is deployed in a Business Policy Switch only environment or with mixed and hybrid BayStack switches 450, 410.
Web-based management provides summary and fault information, configuration, statistics, applications, and administration for the entire switch stack using a single IP address.
Also, the Business Policy Switch web-based management interface allows users or network administrators to set QoS Policies with the Web-Based QoS Wizard and Advanced QoS Configuration Tool.
Another benefit of the Business Policy Switch web-based management is its ability to access and provide real-time sampling for up to the minute LED readings, and statistical information.

18. Network Management Built-in Network Management
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Concurrent Remote Monitoring (RMON) on all ports
Common Open Policy Support (COPS) – dynamically send and receive policy information
Console Port
Other Network Management Support
Device Manager / VLAN Manager (4.0.2)
Optivity Policy Server (OPS 1.2)
Optivity NMS(9.0.1)
NCS(2.2) support
The Business Policy Switch provides Simple Network Management Protocol, or SNMP, capabilities and employs 4 groups of Remote Monitoring on all ports. The SNMP protocol is the standard communications protocol that simplifies management of network devices linked together in a networking environment. An SNMP agent resides in the switch and responds to queries sent by a network management application such as Optivity or Preside. Optivity then collates the results of these queries and presents them graphically on the management station display.
The agent software resides in the switch and uses the information it collects to provide management for all ports in the stack. The agent software allows observation of the flow and quality of network data across the segments, as well as faults and errors occurring on the ports.
In addition, the agent also provides for the ability to set up policy-based networks by supporting the Common Open Policy Support, or COPS, protocol. This protocol is used to dynamically send policy information to and from both the policy enforcement point, or PEP, and the policy decision point, or PDP. Using either SNMP, web, or console interfaces, static policies may be dictated on a per unit basis.
A console port on the front panel can be used to configure the switch using an RS-232 terminal, or a personal computer terminal emulator.
The Business Policy Switch also supports Device manager, VLAN manager 4.0.2, and Optivity which is a powerful network management solution suitable for networks comprised of small workgroups or networks spanning thousands of nodes. Listed on this chart are the first versions of Optivity that support the Business Policy Switch All of these versions will be available in Q

19. QoS Policy Administration
Establishes methodology by which QoS policies are implemented through network
One method is user-configuration through the box
Business Policy Switch QoS Wizard
Advanced QoS Configurations
Another method employs a server that makes the policy decisions
NCS provides GUI and allows the administrator to configure the policy server
Policy server acts as policy decision point (PDP)
Policy Switch acts as a policy enforcement point (PEP) that takes action on the packet based upon decision of PDP
COPS protocol or CLI is used to communicate policy information between PDP and PEP
Administrator
Quality of Service is critical to a network’s ability to deliver the network availability, predictability and reliability to the 2nd wave of e-business that applications require. These QoS services need to be implemented appropriately, across the entire network in a timely manner.
Policy Administration is the establishment of a corporate methodology by which QoS is implemented throughout the network. There are multiple ways to perform this administration. The network administrator can set static policies using the QoS Wizard or use the built-in, web-based advanced QoS configurator.
Alternatively, network administrators can deploy and implement a server that makes policy decisions for the entire network. That server would act as a policy decision point that drives policy and pushes it to each Policy Enforcement Point or (PEP) to take action and monitor performance on all packets throughout the network. Optivity, Nortel Networks Policy Server uses Common Open Policy Support, or COPS, to communicate with PEP.

20. Business Policy Switches Performance
3 Million packets per second frame forwarding rate
2.5 Gbps switching fabric backplane bandwidth
2.5 Gbps cascade bandwidth
Designed for wire speed performance with no packet loss
10/100 ports in the wiring closet with multiple and flexible uplink options including Gigabit
The Business Policy Switch’s 2.5 Gigabit Switching Fabric and Custom switching Application Specific Integrated Circuits, or ASICs, support Frame Forward and filtering across all ports at the peak rate of 3 million packets per second for the Business Policy Switches. Therefore, with 2.5 gig switching fabric and cascade bandwidth, the Business Policy Switches are designed for wire-speed performance with no packet loss.

21. Business Policy Switch Density and Scalability
Start small and stack up to 8 , 24 port switches and MDAs as needed
Scales up to /100 ports in a stack (using 4-port 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX MDAs)
2.5 Gigabit cascading bandwidth
Stack is managed as a single entity, with a single IP address
Up to 224 ports per stack
Provides the wiring closet port density to enable desktop switching
The Business Policy Switch has 24 10/100 Base –TX ports, one MDA slot, and a cascade module, but almost more importantly the Business Policy Switch can be stacked up to eight units high to achieve up to /100 ports in a stack. This provides the industry’s highest port density in a cost effective and flexible form factor.

22. Business Policy Switches: Resiliency
Fail-Safe Stackability
Redundant, self-healing cascade stacking design
Unlike 3Com & Intel stackable switches, Business Policy Switches have no single point of failure stack (non-matrix)
Hot Swappable Switches
Connector for Redundant Power Supply Unit (RPSU)
A key differentiation for the Business Policy Switches is their fail-safe stacking feature. As illustrated here and on the following slide, Business Policy Switches can stack up to 8 units with a cascade stacking design, guaranteeing uptime even if any switch in the stack should fail. From the chart you can see that a loop-back or cascade cable is used to seamlessly connect the entire stack to provide no single point of failure.
This is an important customer advantage versus matrix-design stacking switches such as the Cisco’s Catalyst 3500 Series Clustering, or 3Com’s SuperStack II Switch 3300 and Intel 510T switch Matrix designed stacking. All units in these stack architectures connect to a separate aggregation unit or the base unit of the stack. If the aggregation or base unit fails, all ports are lost to the LAN. This is a “single point of failure” design flaw which disqualifies the3Com and Intel switches from guaranteeing support for mission-critical applications.
RPSU connector
Rear view, showing fault-tolerant stack design

23. Business Policy Switches: Resiliency
Cascade cables loop stacking signals back at point of failure
Integrity of the stack is maintained, even in the unlikely event of a switch unit failure
Unlike other stacking switches, Business Policy Switches are designed with a fail-safe cascade stacking architecture . This cascade cable connects up to 8 stacked switches into a self-healing configuration that protects the stack’s connectivity by looping connection signals back at a point of failure. In the unlikely event of a switch failure, all other units in a stack remain operational without interruption. The redundant cascade stacking architecture is a safe and smarter alternative to current matrix staking switches, which suffer from a single point of failure design flaw. In the single point of failure design, if the base unit fails, all connectivity to the network in the stack is lost.
Rear view, showing fault-tolerant stack design

24. Business Policy Switches Multi-Link Trunking
MultiLink Trunking Provides High Bandwidth and Fault Tolerance
Fail-over protection for uplink MDAs with dual-PHY connections
Load-balancing, fault-tolerant server homing for uninterrupted access to servers
Load-balancing, fail-over protection for uninterrupted access to the network center
Stack connections to servers and the network center is protected, even if a unit should fail
Dual homing to
local servers and
mission-critical
PCs with
multiple-port NICs
Multi-Link Trunking across different switches in a stack is another key differentiation for the Business Policy Switches. Aggregating ports from more than one switch with Multi-Link Trunking can provide fail-over protection to important network devices.
LinkSafe redundant physical connectors offer another way to stay connected to the network center, even if a cable or connector should fail.
Note how these features are paralleled with Passport Routing Switches features, making for an integrated switching solution.
This feature enables grouping of links between the switch and another switch or a server to provide higher bandwidth of up to 800 meg or up to 8 gig per second. Trunked ports can span multiple units of the stack for fail-safe connectivity to mission critical servers and the network center.
MultiLink Trunking to
Passport at the
network center

25. Business Policy Switch Virtual LAN (VLAN) Support
Total of 64 VLANs per stack that can be:
802.1Q VLAN ID
Port based
Protocol sensitive
MAC SA based
IP subnet based
Shared and individual (for duplicate MAC address) VLAN learning is supported (SVL & IVL)
Future software release can support up to 256 VLANs
Up to 64 port or protocol-based V-LANs can be established for each switch, to extend the broadcast domain and segment network traffic.
Protocol-based V-LANs allow switch ports to be assigned to a broadcast domain, based on the protocol information within the packet. These V-LANs can localize broadcast traffic and assure that a specified protocol type are sent only to the protocol-based V-LAN ports. VLAN trunking is supported on every port of the switch, allowing efficient means of transporting broadcast domains across switches.

26. Business Policy Switch Security
Unauthorized
USER
BaySecure
Authentication and Authorization Controls
Intrusion control and eavesdrop protection on a per port basis
Grant or deny network access by MAC address
Auto MAC address detection
Distributed Access List Security
RADIUS
Security Filters
BaySecure allows authentication of all access, not only to the switches for management and configurations, but access to the infrastructure through these switches. Integrated with DHCP and other IP services from Nortel Networks, this software feature limits access only to network authorized and trusted users with full tracking of network connections.
BaySecure also provides intrusion control and eavesdrop protection on a per port basis.
The Business Policy Switch also provides Radius Authentication for switch security management.

27. Business Policy Switch: Feature Summary
Web Management (supports 460/450/410 stack)
Packet Classification based upon multiple fields
Multiple action list (based on single and multi-field classifiers
Diffserv support, priority queues
Filter traffic
Subnet-based VLANs
MAC address-based VLANs
Distributed MLT
COPS client support
Device Manager and VLAN Mgr
Conversation steering/port mirroring
Auto topology
IVL & SVL support
Network Config. System (NCS) support
Optivity NMS (OIT) support
Radius authentication for switch management
BaySecure for MAC address-based security
12K total address support
802.1q tagging on every port
4 groups RMON on every port
RPSU support
IGMP Snooping and proxy support
64 VLANs
This chart depicts the Feature Summary List for the Business Policy Switch.

28. Business Policy Switch Applications & Solution Scenarios

29. Business Policy Switch Deployment Options
#1)
Stand Alone BPS
BPS / BayStack Mixed or Hybrid Stack
#2)
The Business Policy Switch can be deployed in Three Basic Configurations: as a stand alone switch either desktop or rack-mounted, in a mixed or hybrid stack with the BayStack 450 or 410 switches or in a pure Business Policy Switch stack.
BPS Only Stack
#3)

30. Nortel Networks SMB Business Series IP Telephony Solution
The Business Series Portfolio solution includes the Business Communications Manager and the Business Policy Switch and prioritizes and classifies IP traffic to increase network performance and reliability. This allows SMB companies to provide:
Guaranteed Bandwidth for Mission Critical Applications ( ie: Voice, E-Biz Servers)
Toll quality voice on your IP network
Preferential or different levels of treatment for those applications, devices and users that are competing for network resources
Business Communications Manager
Business Series
Digital Phones
The Business Series Portfolio which includes the Business Communications Manager and the Business Policy Switch offers small and medium businesses a complete communication and networking solution. With the appropriate infrastructure and a fully featured voice system, router and Internet access device. It addresses all of a stand-alone business’s requirements with the capacity and tools to grow into a multiple location environment.
By adding the Business Policy Switch to the Business Communications Manager, IP traffic can be prioritized across the network, end-to-end. IP phones can be plugged into the LAN to provide high quality telephony. IP telephony sets can also be mixed with existing digital sets.
The highly reliable, feature rich Business Communications Manager provides a single platform for telephony, and voice and data applications all administered through the web-based unified management tool. When combined with the Business Policy Switch for layer 3 and layer4 traffic prioritization, high quality connections are delivered for converged communications that are secure, reliable, scalable and flexible.
Business Policy Switch-24T
i2004 IP Phones

31. Web & Policy Enabling Existing BayStack 450 Installations
Add A Single Business Policy Switch to
an existing stack of BayStack 450 Switches
Existing stack of BayStack 450 Switches
Desktop
Switching
BayStack 450 Switches
Exising Stack of
BayStack 450 Switches
Stack of
Desktop
Switching
Business Policy Switch
As part of the stacking architecture, the Business Policy Switch can be used within an existing stack of BayStack 450 and 410 switches. When the Business Policy Switch is added to an existing BayStack switch stack, the entire switch can take advantage of the Quality of Service capabilities of the Business Policy Switch and provide some advanced level of differentiated services through the outbound ports of the BPS.
As well, Nortel Networks reiterates it philosophy to look forward while simultaneously looking to leverage the installed base or existing portfolio. In the case of the Business Policy Switch, by adding a single unit to an existing BayStack stack of 450s or 410 switches, web-based management is available for the entire stack using a single IP address. Web-based management provides multiple ways to derive network and individual device information both locally and remotely. Web-based management is also used for establishing prioritization and classification of traffic through the QoS Wizard and Advanced Configuration Tool. The Web-based management package is enabled via the Business Policy Switch. Device, VLAN management, segment and port statistics, and real-time LED port status indicators are also supported.
Adding a Business Policy Switch to an existing BayStack switch configuration is an excellent way to add the advanced features and capabilities to that entire stack. This implementation and incremental investment allows businesses to migrate easily to start implementing QoS end-to-end solutions in a cost effective manner.
Layer 3/4 classification, Diffserv/ 802.1p marking and
traffic prioritization for packets going through the egress
uplink ports of the
Business Policy Switch
Server Farm
Redundant MultiLink
Trunking across stack
for multi-Gigabit, load
balancing connectivity
Server Farm
Passport Switch
Layer 3 / 4 forwarding improved with
the addition of the Policy Switch

32. New Business Policy Switch Installations
Stack of Policy Switches with Advanced QoS Capabilities on every Port
Stack of 5 Policy Switch
Switches
Layer 3/4 classification
at wire speed on all Ports
of up to 8 Business
Policy Switch
Desktop
Switching
A complete stack of Business Policy Switches can provide Diffserv packet classification and prioritization and advanced QoS capabilities on all ports and uplinks within the stack. This implementation delivers the most comprehensive and advanced high density stackable ethernet solution in the industry, and it also fulfills the requirement for QoS on every port.
QoS on every port is a critical component and must be carefully considered based on the extent that customers want to deploy converged voice, video and mission critical applications, IP phones, and the extent customers want to implement Policy across all applications, devices and users on the network
Redundant MultiLink
Trunking across stack
for multi-Gigabit, load
balancing connectivity
Passport Switch
Server Farm
Passport Layer 3 forwarding improved in
with Policy Switch handling layer 3/4 packet
classification

33. Building Blocks for Distributed IP Telephony
Call Servers, IP Telephones, Gateways, Applications
Application/Feature Servers
Connection
Manager
PSTN
Management
IP PBX
CallPilot
Core Switching
IP Phones
Business Policy Switches
Business
Policy
Switches
PC/Fax
Gateway
Internet Telephones
IP Network
There are several building blocks required to support a reliable end-to-end IP telephony implementation. As you can see from this chart, the Business Policy Switch is a critical element in providing the first level of connectivity and network availability for both the individual IP phones and the call servers.
In order to support IP telephony in a reliable manner, the network infrastructure must be supported by a high performance network architecture.
In conjunction with media and video servers, WAN gateways, policy management and core networking, the Business Policy Switch helps ensure that each packet receives the level of priority designated by QoS.
Nortel Networks believes that leveraging the BayStack components, the Business Policy Switch and Passport routing switches will deliver the level of network availability and reliability required to deliver quality IP telephony.
IP Phones
Business Policy Switch
IP Phones
PSTN
Business Communications
Manager
Business Series
Digital Phones
IP Phones

34. Building Blocks: Video Architecture
Connection
Manager
Video Feature
Server
Management
IP Phones
CallPilot
Core Routing or Switching
Business Policy Switches
Gateway
Business Policy Switches
IP Network
IP Network
In order to deliver Video across any IP Networks, it is crucial to offer the right level of network availability, bandwidth and support.
The Business Policy Switch plays a vital role in increasing the reliability of network availability for delivering Delay Intolerant and resource intensive applications like video conferencing, video streaming or long distance learning applications.
In conjunction with media and video servers, Wan Gateways, Policy Management and Core Networking, the Business Policy Switch helps ensure that each video packet gets the defined level of priority and gets treated with the right importance, increasing the predictability, reliability and overall performance of the network.
Business Series
Digital Phones
Media Server
PSTN
Business Policy Switches
IP Phones
Servers
PC/ Work Stations

35. Nortel Networks End to End QoS BPS / Passport Enabled Network
BPS Stack
Multi-Link
Trunks
BPS/BS 450 Stack
BPS Stack
Passport 8600
BPS / BS 450s Stack
Multi-Link
Trunks
Gigabit Ethernet
Passport 8600
Multi-Link
Trunks
Gigabit Ethernet
Passport 8100
The Nortel Networks end-to-end policy enabled network delivers unparalleled reliability, availability and predictability. This is achieved because the entire network and every component within it has advanced QoS capabilities and features. Each element can translate the overall corporate policies set in the policy server and influence and police IP traffic on a “per flow” and “ per node” basis. This allows network managers to make the network as consistent and predictable as possible.
Each component in the Nortel Networks end-to-end policy enabled network can “shape” traffic to meet bandwidth restrictions of applications, users and devices. With advanced QoS configuration capabilities, network managers can set average and peak allowed rates. They can also read, set and alter the DiffServ Code Point to indicate how packets should be treated in normal networking situations and which packets should be dropped first if congestion occurs.
The Optivity policy server drives the overall QoS objectives but the Passport, Business Policy and BayStack Switches enforce and implement this directive on each node of the network.
By Deploying end-to-end policy correctly across the entire network, corporations and businesses can properly support new converged applications and increase their ability to operate as profit centers because they are in an advantageous position to be full and active participants in the 2nd wave of e-business.
Passport 8600
Server Farm
Multi-Link
Trunk
Gigabit Ethernet
Passport 8600
Passport 700
Passport 1200

36. Unified Management for End-to- End Policy Services3
Policy Server gets filter
from database
Optivity Policy Services & Management
Policy Server communicates
filter and queuing rules using
COPS 4 1
End Station can set
802.1p or DSCP field 5
Core & Edge Switch Re-Marks or Changes DSCP
Core / Edge Switches police,
shape and forward
classified frames 6
BCM &
Business Policy Switch
Having the Infrastructure, core policies and components in place is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to delivering Policy and Quality of Service across the entire network. There must be effective, responsive and flexible management to truly gain and benefit from the solid high performance architecture that Nortel Networks can deliver.
Lets walk through an example and see how having Unified Management via Optivity Policy Server and Management assists in ensuring network availability, predictability, and reliability.
First, the End Station or in this case the i2004 IP Set can set the DiffServ Code Point or Class of Service level.
The Business Communications Manager or Business Policy Switch can then read, validate or alter the DSCP based on the information given to it by the policy server and the appropriate filters from the database via COPS.
Once the packet gets expedited to the next hop or node, in this case the network core switch, the Passport 8600 has the same capabilities of the Business Policy Switch to read, alter and police, but it can further segment and classify in a more granular way to more comprehensively shape and queue traffic.
Ultimately by having intelligent policy management via the Optivity Policy Server, the network benefits because all components, traffic and applications are policed and dealt with holistically and comprehensively. This leads to more reliability and predictability and ultimately better network optimization along with reduction in overall network expenditures.
BCM +
Business Policy Switch
PSTN
Passport 8600
Routing Switch
Passport 8600
Routing Switch
Edge Switch Reads,(RE)Marks, or validates DSCP using Policy Server 2
Business Policy Switches
Edge Switch Reads, (Re)Marks, or validates DSCP using Policy Server 2

37. Nortel Networks LAN Switches
High-Performance Stackable
Switching
Business Policy Switch
High-Performance Standalone Switching
BayStack T
BayStack T
Price
BayStack T
Economical Standalone Switching
BayStack T
This chart displays the full breadth of the BayStack switch portfolio.
The BayStack family ranges from simple, affordable 10/100 auto-sense unmanaged BayStack 70 switches to auto-sense managed stackable BayStack 450 switches.
The BayStack 70 is available in stand alone 8 and 16 port models, and a 24 port rackmount model. These models provide cost-effective connectivity, especially in networks where management functionality is not a requirement.
BayStack 350 switches are managed standalone 12 and 24 port auto-sensing switches ideal for medium-size business as well as a remote branch office.
BayStack 450 switches are managed and stackable switches suited for multi-site medium business or a remote branch office. Both the 350 and 450 are high performance switches supported by advanced features.
The BayStack 310 is a stand alone cost-effective 10 meg only switch and the BayStack 410 is a managed stackable 10 meg switch.
BayStack T
BayStack T
BayStack 70-24T
BayStack 70-16T
BayStack 70-8T
Feature/Function

38. Nortel Networks Business Series Portfolio
Nortel Networks Business Communications Manager
Provides choice:
Advanced IP Telephony
Traditional telephone communications
Nortel Networks Business Policy Switch
Prioritizes voice and data traffic
Ensures mission-critical quality
Business Communications Manager
Business Series
Digital Phones
Business Policy Switch-24T
The Nortel Networks Business Series Portfolio offers the key components that provide a full, comprehensive solution that is practical in terms of the needs of the market today and also has all of the mechanisms and crossing points to get our target base to a converged solution.
One key component is the Business Communications Manager, formerly known as Enterprise Edge. This is not only an integrated voice and data platform, but has all the capability of crossing the installed base as well as new customers to IP-based, server technology.
The Business Policy Switch, another key component, provides the capabilities of proportioning and prioritizing voice and data bandwidth on the network.
Together these components build a comprehensive solution required to migrate installed base and also new customers to an IP converged solution.
i2004 IP Phones
The Total Internet Telephony Solution Package for SMB

39. Workgroup 10/100+1000 Evolution: BayStack 350 ,450, Business Policy Switch & Passport
Business Policy Switches
BayStack 350 Switch
BayStack 350 Switch
200 Mbps full-duplex
200 Mbps full-duplex
Business
Policy Switch
Stack
BayStack 350
BayStack
450 stack
BayStack
450 stack
200 Mbps full-duplex
Business
Policy
Switch
BayStack T
Multi- Gigabit
MultiLink Trunks
This chart shows a suggested evolution path for LANs currently using BayStack 350 Switches in the wiring closet.
With incremental investment businesses can utilize Nortel Networks robust portfolio to transition and migrate towards a high density stackable, managed ethernet solution that delivers industry leading QoS capabilities on every port to dramatically improve networks availability, reliability and performance. Compatibility between the BayStack 350 Switches, BayStack 450 Switches,the Business Policy Switches and Passport Routing Switches, offers configuration flexibility and unparalleled investment protection.
2 Gbps
full-duplex
MultiLink Trunks
MultiLink Trunks
Passport Switch
Passport Switch
Passport Switch
Passport Switch

40. Enterprise Campus Portfolio Delivering the HPA Infrastructure
Centillion 1000 ATM Core Switch
BayStack 450
LAN Edge Switches
Business Policy Switch
LAN Edge Switches
Passport 8100 Edge Switch
LAN Edge
Centillion 50/100 ATM Edge Switch
Passport is a complete enterprise network system for the campus. Passport was introduced 18 months ago as a routing switch and quickly rose to claim and maintain the number 1 position as the industry’s leading Layer 3 campus solution.
Based upon this leading technology, and in combination with other industry-leading technologies from Nortel Networks, and joint technology development with I-PIVOT, Passport has now grown beyond the industry’s leading routing switch. The Passport portfolio now include,s as part of its arsenal, the industry’s leading server switch, the Passport 700, and the industry’s first campus enterprise switch, the Passport With the ability to address the needs of the LAN Edge, Network Center, MAN Edge, WAN edge and server farm, Passport represents a complete campus enterprise solution.
Passport 700 Server Switch
Intranet Content services
Secure eCommerce services
Optera Metro
MAN Edge
Passport 1000 Routing Switch Network Center
Passport 8600 Routing Switch LAN Core

41. Business Policy Switch
Competitive Analysis

42. Business Policy Switches Competitive Comparison
Business Policy Switch T
Cisco Catalyst
3524 PWR XL
Extreme
Summit 24
Foundry FastIron Workgroup Switch
List Price
3,499
3,999
N/A
# port per unit 24
Stackability
Yes No
Max. Port
224
216
Switch Backplane
2.5 Gbps
4 Gbps
8.5 Gbps
4.2 Gbps
Cascade Module
Stacking Bandwidth
1 Gbps
DiffServ/TOS Marking
802.1p / 802.1q
Layer 3 / 4 Classification, Prioritization
Yes*
Hardware-Based Queues 4 2
Mac Addresses
16,000
8,192
128,000
4,000
VLAN Support
IGMP Snooping
Proprietary
Gigabit Ethernet
Forwarding Performance
3 million pps
7.5 million pps
5 million pps
InLine PWR
No*
This chart compares the Business Policy Switch with similar competitive products in terms of basic features, ease of use, price/performance, market share, upgrade path, and other aspects related to the specific market segment. Basic features would include speeds and feeds, port density, and protocol support.

43. Business Policy Switch: Competitive Silver Bullets
Advanced QoS and Policy Management Capabilities ( Hardware Based)
Web-Based Management
Robust Fail Safe Stacking Architecture and Resiliency Components
Delivers TRUE STACKABILITY with 2.5 Gbps Stacking Bandwidth
The Business Policy Switch will seamlessly integrate with Nortel Networks :
BayStack 450 & 410s Switches to deliver Investment Protection
Business Communications Manager to provide toll quality IP telephony
Passport Routing Switches to support End-to-End Policy Enabled Network
The Business Policy Switch delivers the most advanced Quality of Service Capabilities ever implemented in a cost effective layer 2 Switch. Because it has four hardware based queues on every port, and can read, alter and police Layer 3 & 4 IP traffic the Business Policy Switch can offer unparalleled network availability and reliability for mission critical applications, devices and users.
Web Based management is another competitive differentiator because it provides comprehensive administration and configuration tools to a stand alone Business Policy Switch or an entire Stack ( Pure or Hybrid). The HTML Interface allows Users or Network Administrators to set QoS Policies via its Web-Based QoS Wizard and Advanced QoS Configuration Tool.
Another key differentiation for the Business Policy Switch is its fail-safe stacking architecture with a 2.5 Gigabit per second backplane. Business Policy Switches can stack up to 8 units with a cascade stacking design backplane, guaranteeing uptime even if any switch in the stack should fail. Unlike other stacking switches, Business Policy Switches are designed with a fail-safe cascade stacking architecture . This Cascade cable connects up to 8 stacked switches into a self-healing configuration that protects the stackes connectivity by looping connection signals back at a point of failure. In the unlikely event of a switch failure, all other units in a stack remain operational without interuption. The Redundant cascade stacking architecture is a safe, smarter alternative to current matrix staking switches, which suffer from a single point of failure design flaw- should the base unit fail , all connectivity to the network in the stack is lost.
As well, Business Policy Switches have been tested and seamlessly integrates with other Nortel Network products to deliver industry leading solutions.
Delivers advanced features to existing BayStack 450 and 410 Switches that enable policy and web management in a mixed/hybrid environment which leads to unparalleled investment protection
Provides the High Performance IP infrastructure that can support the advanced IP telephony Applications of the Business Communications Manager and the i2004 Ethernet Sets (IP PHONE).
Enables Nortel Networks High Performance Network Architecture, the Business Policy Switch delivers the Edge or Closest Ethernet Solution that leverages the robust and intelligent Passport routing switches in the Network Core for the Complete End-to-End Quality of Service Enabled Network.
At the end of the day, Nortel Networks Business Policy Switches are the most advanced Stackable Ethernet Solution in the industry and deliver the best Price per Performance ratio in its class.

44. Understanding Quality of Service?
Quality of Service comprises an array of technologies, network environments, applications, and issues. Anyone concerned with the quality of network applications needs to understand the different elements of QoS and the questions that it conjures up. Quality of Service is:
A network service that specifies the performance of IP traffic flows,
An architecture that delivers availability, reliability, and predictability,
A model for classifying and prioritizing network traffic so that it can be treated in a more reliable manner, and
A plan and blue-print to manage customers’ network expectations.
Most important, QoS is a method to achieve the level of network predictability, reliability and availability required to support the applications that are driving the 2nd wave of E-business.
Let’s take a deeper look into understanding Quality of Service and how it relates to networks.

45. Understanding the Problem
What if:
Your salespeople and partners can’t submit their orders efficiently…
The Network wasn’t available when you had a urgent deadline…
and Intranet traffic threatened your online Web-transactions…
Voice and video can’t be deployed reliably…
“…By 2000, 20% of all enterprise networks mission critical applications will experience severe performance problems…”
Gartner Group
Before we can begin to comprehend how Quality of Service improves network performance and reliability, we have to understand the problem that it rectifies.
According to the Gartner Group, “ By 2ooo, 20% of all enterprise networks mission critical applications will experience severe performance problems”.
What does this mean? In the real world it means that:
Sales people and partners can’t submit their orders.
The network wasn’t available when it needed to be.
and Intranet traffic threatened your online web transactions, and
New applications like voice and video cannot be deployed in a reliable manner.
The performance of the network is becoming more critical to the bottom line of businesses, and the statistics on network performance are beginning to reflect this trend.

46. Productivity Loss Due to Application Downtime
Equipment Failure
31%
Network & Server Congestion
69%
Productivity is a measure that affects business profitability.
Infonectics Research was able to identify that 69% of productivity loss in today’s corporations is directly related to network performance and server congestion. This congestion leads to extremely costly network downtime.
Businesses that want to increase productivity and reduce downtime costs are searching for a solution - a solution that will improve reliability and performance of their networks.
“Congestion – Related performance degradation has been found to cause the majority of network downtime costs”
Infonetics Research

47. Consistent, Reliable, Predictable Performance
Quality of Service is . . .
The ability of the network to provide better or “special” service to users/devices and applications
Priority Service
Voice
Video
Data
Lets look at the fundamentals of Quality of Service.
Quality of Service allows a network manager to define network characteristics so that it can provide a better quality network and more predictable network availability to:
Support dedicated bandwidth for a specific application, user or device,
Reduce the occurrence of lost data or information packets,
Manage network congestion,
Shape network traffic, and
Set traffic priorities across the network providing end-to-end support and availability.
Quality of Service is the ability of the network to provide more reliable and prioritized service to users and devices and applications: applications like voice and video transmissions and mission critical data.
Web Server
NetMeeting
Consistent, Reliable, Predictable Performance
NetMeeting Server

48. Quality of Service is . . .
Policy
Management
An architecture that delivers availability, reliability, performance and predictability
Order Entry
Policy Server
Request granted
SAP Server
Resources checked
Quality of Service is an intelligent application that delivers availability, reliability , performance and predictability. In fact, it is a layered architecture that dynamically responds to networked users, applications and devices requirements. The technology focus is on network actions or behaviors for flows, but the customer focus is on the level of service provided and/or required by the applications they want to use.
Finance
Intelligent
Networks
Financials
Request denied
Engineering
Oracle

49. Quality of Service or Class of Service?
Can’t be exclusive of one another
“Quality of Service” has a broad definition
It is a measurement of how well a network behaves
It includes categorizing a particular connection or flow
“Class of Service” has a more granular definition
It implies the categorization of services into distinct classes that can be treated individually, relative to each other
The interpretation of either term can depend on the priorities of the service provider, network manager, or the end user
Predictable network characteristics or preferential traffic treatment?
Quality of Service includes the capability to differentiate among traffic or service types as well as set differentiated treatment of those types of traffic or services. For example, it can categorize voice, video and other data traffic that is on the network and assign each of them a different “class of service” or priority level so that each gets treated differently or expedited according to its importance.
In effect, “class of service”, or CoS, is a necessary element in the overall delivery and definition of “quality of service.”
Not only does QoS include a number of applications and technologies, it also addresses issues in several contexts: local area and wide area networks, or LANs and WANs, and the demands of individual users, both corporate and private. Each perspective brings different, though often overlapping, sets of goals, needs, and expectations to add to the meaning of “quality of service.”

50. Levels of Quality of Service
Guaranteed Services
Provides circuit-switch-like services
Reserves or guarantees necessary bandwidth
Tiered Services
Provides traffic prioritization by separating traffic by criticality
Treat important traffic better; less important traffic worse
High probability traffic will get through but with no “guarantees”
Best Effort
“What you see is what you get”
Needs bandwidth
Another way to consider the QoS model is to think in terms of the levels of service or the class of service it provides. Each level of service provides an application with the type of network service delivery that is required to maintain reasonable and reliable performance.
Guaranteed level of service is similar to the reliability we expect and generally get from a traditional Public Switched Telephone Network telephone call. A traffic flow is established end-to-end with dedicated bandwidth across a specific path. This guarantees that the flow should experience no degradation in performance. Although there is the potential for bandwidth to go unused. Guaranteed service levels are excellent for applications such as voice and other delay intolerant applications that require no packet loss, and minimum latency and jitter.
Tiered or Class of service levels prioritize and classify traffic according to its level of importance or delay characteristics, so that the mission critical traffic is given a higher probability of getting serviced end-to-end sooner and more predictably, but there are no guarantees. This Tiered or Class of Service prioritization model allows higher priority traffic to be moved ahead of lower priority traffic. Differentiated Services or DiffServ which is a Class of Service model, offers traffic classification and prioritization features. However, during times of high network traffic, some packets and information that is considered high priority or delay intolerant may “starve” the network and cause loss or non-delivery of lower priority traffic. Tiered services are useful for packetized voice, video or mission-critical applications because the prioritization ensures the transmission of this traffic is expedited. Tiered services are more effective when used with Weighted Fair Queuing or Round Robin Servicing Techniques that service all traffic based on specified levels.
Best effort is whatever network service that is available. The majority of today’s networks rely on over-engineering or deploying bandwidth, however, eventually under best effort service quality, as network utilization and contention for network services increases, performance for critical applications decreases. Service can only be improved by adding more bandwidth and connections.
What customers need to determine is the quality of service their users, devices and applications require to provide maximum productivity for their business. Best effort type level of service or “what you see is what you get” probably will not satisfy most business needs, even if bandwidth availability is not an issue.

51. Why Should a Network Have QoS?
Critical business transactions and applications run over the network infrastructure
Deploy converged voice, video and data applications in a reliable and cost effective manner
Bandwidth is not an unlimited or inexpensive resource
There will always be places in your network where there is congestion
Over-engineering is costly and over-subscription inevitably leads to poor network performance
Ensure network availability for mission critical applications, devices, and users
Optimize network resources and reduce overall IT costs
Now that we have determined that some level of quality of service is required and since in most cases the best effort level of service is not going to provide network reliability for users, devices and applications required, let’s look at why networks should have QoS. The network will benefit from Quality of Service in several ways.
As more and more information and interactions that are critical to the business are running over the network, QoS can help manage this increase in demand on the network. New applications like voice, video and critical data need to be supported and implemented in a reliable manner. Bandwidth is not an unlimited or inexpensive resource and needs QoS to help optimize the network resources. Regardless of how the network is engineered, there will always be places of congestion in the network and QoS can ensure that mission critical applications get first priority on the network. Over-engineering is costly and over-subscripting inevitably leads to poor network performance.
And lastly, all network managers and business owners want to optimize network and business resources while reducing overall expenditures.

52. What is driving QoS in today’s networks?
Management
Mission Critical
Applications
Consumers
Legacy
Applications
A Networked Economy
What is driving the need for Quality of Service in today’s networks? Primarily, end users are driving the need for high quality network performance which they expect for the information they need and exchange with others in the course of their day-to-day work.
The emerging networked economy also has highlighted the need for QoS because the number of networked users is consistently growing, especially users of the Internet and corporate intranets.
Also, due to increased e-business, advanced applications, like Internet telephony, video, on-line meetings and interactive distance learning, are being developed that have special bandwidth requirement and delay thresholds.
As organizations expand and grow, there are typically more remote users and locations which increase potential bandwidth bottlenecks on LANs and WANs. QoS allows businesses to give priority to their mission critical and profit-making transactions while still providing reasonable service to users and legacy applications.
With Quality of Service as a foundation, the Networked Economy can thrive as network traffic whether generated by devices, users, or applications gets transmitted appropriately and delivered more reliably which means businesses can be more productive and profitable.
Employees
Virtual / Remote Agents
Partners, Suppliers

53. Quality of Service: The Application Requirement
Telephony
Video
Custom In-house
Business
Applications
Quality of Service
The current networked economy environment is driving more “Profit Packets”, transactions, transfers and mission-critical business on the World Wide Web and corporate intranets. These applications connect businesses to customers, to their business partners, and connects employees to the business. These applications are critical to the bottom line which means that they must be available and accessible 24 hours a day and 7 days a week in order for businesses to survive in today’s web-speed environment.
With more and more mission-critical applications being used and relying on the network, it becomes more evident that the various requirements of these applications must be defined and that the network must provide the appropriate level of service to maintain acceptable network performance and reliability. For example, voice and video applications require specific bandwidth, delay, and packet loss characteristics from a network.
Other applications may not need such stringent requirements from the network to maintain optimum performance. Interactive mission-critical business applications may only have packet loss or delay requirements.
Finally, other applications like , groupware, and some web services have no performance requirements whatsoever.
As more and more applications are deployed, the more businesses must evaluate their network and understand the requirements of an infrastructure that can support their emerging and growing business needs.
Database
Groupware
Mail
Web

54. The 2nd Wave of e-Business Drivers
Internet
2nd Wave NETWORKS
BUSINESS DRIVERS
TRAFFIC GROWTH
APPLICATIONS
CRITICAL DATA
BUSINESS
CONVERGENCE
TELEPHONY
Businesses need to look into the short and long-term future so they can make the right fundamental network decisions today.
The emerging future of next-wave business applications must be tightly aligned with processes in order for organizations to remain competitive in the Internet age. Integrated business systems from the center of this 2nd Wave E-business model are critical for corporate survival.
The Internet provides customer interaction which enables e-commerce opportunities and web-based call centers. Organizations can use intranet applications to provide a multitude of employee services and internal information, formerly handled by personnel and human resources employees. And, finally, using an extranet, businesses can achieve superior supplier interaction for e-transactions and collaboration on products and services.
To compete in the new Internet and web marketplaces requires improvement of business networking processes. Access to network applications will improve time to market and provide better product availability. For Service Providers, the ability to provide new and reliable services will be key.
Access to voice and video services, as well as data and virtual private networks, will help service providers drive new business and satisfy existing customers.
The need for Unified Networks is now. These Unified Networks should be reliable, capable of recognizing and prioritizing network traffic, and be able to make decisions about the priority of the traffic.
Intranet
Extranet
E-Business