4. InputProcess Output Backing store Keyboard Mouse Scanner Digital camera Light pen Graphics tablet Sensors Keyboard Mouse Scanner Digital camera Light pen Graphics tablet Sensors Monitor Speaker Plotter Printer Monitor Speaker Plotter Printer Hard disc Floppy disc CDRW Flash memory Hard disc Floppy disc CDRW Flash memory

5. Computers linked together

6. Faster processing Saves on storage space Password protection to files Initial cost of purchasing computers Over reliance if a power cut Staff retraining

7. Country of origin Manufacturers Code Product Code Check digit Makes sure the barcode is scanned in correctly and details of the correct product is displayed Exam hint! Make sure you say CODE not Name. e.g. Manufacturers code NOT Manufacturers Name Exam hint! Make sure you say CODE not Name. e.g. Manufacturers code NOT Manufacturers Name

8. Bar code scannerScreen Weighing scalesPrinter for receipt KeyboardSpeaker Card reader

9. Stock code Desc.PriceNo in stock No sold Re -order level Supplier 26543Beans0.591005035Heinz Stock codeNo sold today 2654320 Stock code Desc.PriceNo in stock No sold Re -order level Supplier 26543Beans0.591007035Heinz

10. Faster service at POS Fewer mistakes Itemised bills Variety of ways to pay Buy One Get One Free Power cuts Damaged barcodes causes delays Embarrassment with faulty card readers

11. Retain customers Sales patterns List of spending habits Touch sensitive screens

12. Online shopping Buy goods online 24 hours a day 365 days a year No needing to travel so save time

13. Internet Service Provider Database of stock Web page Secure electronic payment For customer 24 hour / 365 day shopping Don’t have to leave home (disabled) Savings on travel and time costs I S P Credit or debit card For company Reach wider market

14. Disadvantages of online shopping Online transactions require users to enter a debit or credit card number before a purchase can be completed. There is a danger of these numbers being intercepted by hackers during transmission and used to make unauthorised purchases. The use of encryption and smart cards and paypals can help to protect against this. Criminals can set up fake web sites offering goods or services often using the name of a genuine company. This can lead to people spending money on goods and services that they will never receive as well as damaging the reputation of a genuine business. It is much easier for a business to gather information about its rivals by simply accessing their web sites — this can make it much harder to remain competitive.

15. Bank of Monee Date…… Pay…………………… Amount……………….. ………………………… A N Other 46-45-90 37465327 102201 Banking  Cheque processing  EFTPOS  ATMs  Credit cards  Debit cards  Smart cards MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. Electronic Funds Transfer at Point Of Sale

16. Services available at an ATM  Cash  Change PIN No  Check balance  Transfer money between accounts  Printed mini statement  Order cheque books and statements  Select language.  Order theatre tickets  Deposit cash Advantages of ATMs; For the customers  Provide 24-hour services  Access ATM’s in many locations  Cuts down on queues in banks / faster service for customers (Not shorter queues at the ATM) For the bank  Save on staff costs  Allows staff to concentrate on other work e.g. selling mortgages or other  Services/increase sales  Increased security Problems which could occur when customers use ATMs  Could be attacked/security  Could forget PIN  Wrong amount of money issued  Card could be retained Card might get damaged

17. Card crimes Prevention Stealing cards at ATMs Do not write down PIN numbers Do not let anyone see you typing in your Pin number Stealing debit and credit cards Photos on cards Lower amount that can be spent with cards before seeking authorisation Details of stolen cards on POS Credit card fraud on the Internet and their misuse Use agreed words on some sites Use a secure service Encryption Card copying Programmable smart cards to make data difficult to copy Use of holograms to make cards difficult to copy. Account No Spending limit

18. Homebanking Customers can access their bank account details from home across the Internet Advantages  Customers don’t have to leave home/ saves time  Savings on postal or travel costs  Transfer money or pay bills from home  Pay bills anytime  Instant balances Problems  Hacking of credit card / debit card details by unauthorised people who might misuse the data.  Have to pay telephone charges whilst online.  Lack of personal contact; - may not understand the system and you have no one to help.

19. Online booking systems Allow Internet users to check the availability of and book things like: Theatre, cinema and concert tickets Seats on coaches, trains and aeroplanes Hotel rooms An online booking system is essentially a web site that can be used to access a remote database

20. The Internet What do you need to get the Internet A computer with a modem and access to a telephone line is needed. Faster connection is possible with a special type of digital telephone line called an ISDN line which doesn’t need a modem. Broadband: Very high speed digital lines Find an Internet Service Provider (ISP)

21. Software, drivers and other files Downloading Music and video Broadcasting Send messages on-line to some strange people. Chat lines Create and administer your own websites for specialist interests, etc... Web publishing Manage banking transactions, pay bills, transfer money between accounts etc Tele-banking Buy goods E-commerce Communicate visually with other Internet users. Teleconferencing Sending messages to other internet users Email Services available on the Internet:

22. Browsers To browse or ‘surf’ the Internet a browser program is required use search engines to search for information by entering keywords

23. Address books list of email addresses Attachment a stored file which is attached to a message and sent with it Carbon copy emails an email is sent to more than one person at the same time Messages sent -between two computer -across networks -across the Internet Messages sent -between two computer -across networks -across the Internet

24. Sending and receiving is faster More secure because password protected and unlikely to get lost People do not have to be in to receive it One letter can be sent to many users mailboxes at the same time Messages are dated when sent and received and an automatic response given. Over sending a disc Needs to be reloaded at other end Discs can get lost or damaged Slower to send and therefore receive

25. Dangers of the Internet Hackers Firewall software Viruses Often spread via e-mail Virus checking programs Don’t open emails from people you don’t know Undesirable material Software to block sites Adult supervision Filtered service from ISP Paedophiles Do not give personal details to strangers Do not go into private rooms with strangers Never arrange to meet anyone you chat to.

26. Advantages of the Internet Easy communication with other people Valuable learning resource because Internet skills will be needed for jobs in the future Enables more people to work from home A vast amount of information can be accessed Up-to-date information can be accessed on-line without the need to await publication Publishing documents on the Internet saves paper A valuable resource for companies to advertise and conduct business

27. Disadvantages of the Internet Much of the information isn’t checked and may be incorrect or irrelevant A large amount of undesirable material, such as pornography, is readily available Messages sent across the Internet can be easily intercepted and are open to abuse by others Large telephone bills can easily be run up Too much time spent on the Internet could result in a lack of face-to-face interaction with others and a loss of social skills Going on-line runs the risk of hackers or viruses being able to damage your computer

28. Do not tell anyone your password Change password regularly Virus scan all discs Do not misuse the Internet e.g email, chat rooms No hacking Do not steal hardware / software

29. User Interfaces 8 The human computer interface is what allows the user to communicate with the computer and is often called simply the user interface. The three main types of user interface are; Command-driven Menu-driven Graphical or GUI.

30. The main disadvantage of command-driven interfaces is that they are very difficult to use if the user is a beginner or doesn’t know the correct commands. Command-driven systems can be very unfriendly and confusing for non- computer experts to use. The correct commands to copy the file are typed in by the user at the keyboard The operating system displays a message to confirm that the command has been carried out successfully.

31. Menu-driven user interfaces Menu-driven systems offer the user lists of options which they can select by pressing a particular key on the keyboard. The main advantage of menu-driven systems is that they are easy to use. The main disadvantage of menu-driven systems is getting to one particular option can often involve working through many different menu screens.

32. In this example a menu- driven user interface has been used to copy a file called fred.txt to a user’s floppy disk.

33. W indows I cons M enus P ointers On screen assistants On lineTutorial Favourite settings Advantages Don’t have to remember commands Intuitive easy to learn Disadvantages Takes up memory Slows down processing

34. Wordprocessing; Entering and processing text using a computer Letters Desktop publishing software In addition to wordprocessing features it has extra f eatures to handle images such as clipart, wordart, shading effects, rotating text and frames such as text boxes. Posters School projects Multimedia Can handle sound and video files Animation and transition effects Automatic timing effects School presentations e.g. showing previous school trips to parents Web publishing software *sound files video files *has hyperlinks to other pages *bookmarks so it can jump to different parts of the page School website

35.  A database is an organised collection of related files of data  A file is an organised collection of related records  A record is a collection of related fields  A field is a collection of related data

36. is raw facts and figures is processed data is derived from information which has rules applied to it

37. Y/N Cost Date of Birth Postcode Name ID Number

38. Saves memory Faster to type in Less chance of errors

39. Hte instead of The 123456 132465 Abaerun

40. ‘ Process of checking that data has been copied over correctly from one medium to another’ TRANSCRIPTION ERRORS Typing errorsTyping in the wrong character by accident eg 2 instead of a 7 TRANSPOSITION ERRORS Swapping i.e. keying in in wrong order e.g. 56789 instead of 57689 These can only be checked by Double entry keying in and cross checking a careful visual check Scanned in data e.g. barcode Parity checks Process of checking data is LEGAL and VALID Range checks Between 1 and 999 Input masks ##00 0## Format checks 99/99/99 Check digits

41. 1. Physical protection of the data.  Keep BACKUP copies in a safe place  Put the write protect notch on your disc/ make hard discs read only  Keep copies in fireproof boxes or computer discs in fireproof rooms.  Lock computers to desk

42. Advantages of a spreadsheet Accuracy of calculations ‘What if’ investigations Draw graphs and other output forms Save the formulas and data Automatic recalculation if data changes NOT does calculations for you!!!

43. Simulation model A program that models a real world situation Traffic flows Supermarket flows Flight simulation Virtual reality Advantages Computer have to calculate many large formulas quickly Display as graphics Dangerous and expensive to do test in real life Disadvantages Not 100% accurate Requires powerful computers and complex programming

44. Software protection of data A. Unauthorised Access/ hacking 1. Hierarchy of Passwords IdentificationUser Name AuthenticationPassword Authorisation What files you can see and what your allowed to do Read only write only or read and write 2. Encryption Coding data at on end sending it and decoding it at other end. 3. Voice / hand printsTo access rooms 4. Smart cardsTo access rooms and computers B Spreading of viruses  Write protect media so can’t be written onto  Don’t copy illegal software  Use a virus scanning software and virus eradication program. Make sure this is kept up to date with the latest virus definitions and fix tools  Don’t download from the Internet straight onto hard disk

45. A security company has installed the following control port to monitor and control a household security system SECURITY LIGH MOTOR ON GATE SIREN DOOR SENSOR PRESSURE MAT 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 Write down the display of bits should the following situations occur. a) A burglar has stepped onto the PRESSURE MAT and a SECURITY LIGHT comes on. 12345 b) A burglar has opened the FRONT DOOR and the SIREN comes on. 12345 c) A burglar has opened the FRONT DOOR and a SECURITY LIGHT is on and the MOTOR ON GATE is activated. 12345 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

46. Write a sequence of steps needed to keep the temperature of the greenhouse between 20 0 C and22 0 C, and keep it there, using only the heater and thermostat. If temp on thermostat > 22 0 C turn off heater If temp on thermostat < 20 0 C turn on heater If temp between 20 0 C and 22 0 C do nothing / leave alone Advantages of datalogging 24 hours/365 day monitoring Human do not have to be there Accurate readings Accurate recordings Types of sensors Heat Light Pressure Moisture

47. New Jobs e.g. programmers Retraining e.g. accountants using spreadsheets Jobs lost e.g. filing clerks Teleworking ‘working from home using computer networks’ Saves travel time Saves journey to work costs Don’t lose skilled labour Flexible working hours Savings on office space and rents

48. Repetitive Strain Injury Back Ache Poor circulation Eye Strain Headaches Epileptic fit Radiation Sick Building Syndrome

49. Air conditioning Shading from sunlight blinds etc. Adjustable chairs Take regular breaks Foot rests Wrist rests Take regular breaks Walk around Screen filters to reduce glare and flicker

50. Advantages Use anywhere Don’t have to be attached to a landline Disadvantages No service Battery fails/ no credits Fined if used while driving Potential health risk Get mugged Services Text messages Voice mail Alarm clock Games To do list Calendar Send Photos W ireless A pplications P rotocol

51. Pay to view (sport / films) Games Email Interactive choice Televoting Teleshopping Book holidays Email Back to STARTSTART