1. Gender Inclusive Design and the “M” rated title Sheri Graner Ray Sex and Video Games Conference San Francisco, CA June 9, 2006

2. 06/09/06 2 Sheri Graner Ray ● Started in games in 1990 ● Worked with such companies as Origin/EA, Her Interactive, SOE, Cartoon Network and others ● Author of Gender Inclusive Game Design: Expanding the Market ● Co-founder and Exec. Chair of Women In Games International ● Hard Core Gamer (20+ hours a week)

3. 06/09/06 3 A Short History of Female Sexuality

4. 06/09/06 4 Ancient times For most of ancient history, women were considered “chattel.” In ancient Greece, women were called “Gyne” which means “to bear children.” In ancient Rome, women were considered “unclean” and hetrosexual sex was primarily for procreation only.

5. 06/09/06 5 The Middle Ages The Church referred to all women as “temptresses.” “Joining of bodies” with the “temptresses” ensured a man's damnation Intercourse should be passionless, purposeful and for procreation only The Church enters into debates over whether women have souls.

6. 06/09/06 6 Rules for Sexual Relations SEX IS FORBIDDEN... ● WHEN A WOMAN IS MENSTRUATING, PREGNANT, OR NURSING ● DURING LENT, ADVENT, WHITSUM WEEK AND EASTER WEEK ● ON FEAST DAYS, FAST DAYS, SUNDAYS, WEDNESDAYS, FRIDAYS AND SATURDAYS ● DURING THE DAYLIGHT ● IF YOU ARE NAKED ● IF YOU ARE IN A CHURCH ● UNLESS YOU ARE TRYING TO PRODUCE A CHILD THERE SHOULD BE NO FONDLING. NO LEWD KISSES. NO ORAL SEX. NO STRANGE POSITIONS. WASH AFTERWARDS.

7. 06/09/06 7 1559 The clitoris is “discovered” by Renaldus Columbus of Padua

8. 06/09/06 8 Victorian Era Females were expected to be modest, submissive, and chaste Society encouraged the belief women had no need for sex Cases of “hysteria” become pandemic First vibrator invented Self treatment for hysteria was available through the Sears Roebuck catalog

9. 06/09/06 9 Early 1900's Dr. Sigmund Freud's research into sexuality was considered revolutionary. Havelock Ellis proclaimed women had strong erotic needs.

10. 06/09/06 10 20 th century Kinsey's Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female shocked the world with the assertion that women were as capable of orgasm as men. Masters and Johnson's research disproved Freud's theory of female orgasm. Nancy Friday's My Secret Garden revealed that women have sexual fantasies very similar to men's.

11. 06/09/06 11 Myths and Misconceptions Women don't want sexually oriented entertainment Women are afraid of computers Male characters are just as exaggerated as female characters. Women just need to get over it. We can make an adult game for men and then just flip the genders for the women.

12. 06/09/06 12 WARNING!! The following information is based on broad population generalities. It is highly likely you will know of someone that does not fit exactly into these profiles. (If you are female and you are in the audience today…then that person will most likely be you!!)

13. 06/09/06 13 Women don't want sexually- oriented entertainment

14. 06/09/06 14 Borders bookstores has seen a “double digit” increase in the sales of “erotic romance” Erotic romance is the fastest growing segment of the romance book genre - Harlequin, Harper Collins, Berkley and Kensington all now have “erotic” romance lines. Erotic romance is now readily available in mainstream bookstores

15. 06/09/06 15 Women are afraid of computers.

16. 06/09/06 16 Gender differences in learning

17. 06/09/06 17 Gender differences in learning Male Explorative Risk takers

18. 06/09/06 18 Gender differences in learning Male Explorative Risk takers Females Imitative Modeling

19. 06/09/06 19 Most software tutorials today are designed for explorative learning styles Modeling learners are often mistaken for “fearful”.

20. 06/09/06 20 Solutions: Ensure tutorial employees modeling and imitative learning styles as well as explorative Use educational software for examples

21. 06/09/06 21 Male characters are just as exaggerated as female characters. Women just need to get over it.

22. 06/09/06 22 Avatar \Av`a*tar"\, n. 1. An image representing a user in a virtual reality space.

23. 06/09/06 23 We need a hero!

24. 06/09/06 24 Because they represent “heroes”, male and female avatars will often exhibit exaggerated physical signals of youth strength, and fertility/virility

25. 06/09/06 25 Youth, Strength and Fertility/Virility

26. 06/09/06 26 Youth, Strength and Fertility/Virility Males Large Shoulders Slim waists Slim hips Large arms and legs Long, thick hair

27. 06/09/06 27 Youth, Strength and Fertility/Virility Males Large Shoulders Slim waists Slim hips Large arms and legs Long, thick hair Females Large Breasts, place high on the chest Slim waists Round derrières Long thick hair

28. 06/09/06 28 –Very often female avatars also display exaggerated physical signals of sexual receptivity.

29. 06/09/06 29 Physical signals of sexual receptivity Red, full lips Heavy lidded eyes Heavy breathing (usually indicated by a slightly open mouth) Erect nipples

30. 06/09/06 30 Physical signals of sexual receptivity Red, full lips Heavy lidded eyes Heavy breathing (usually indicated by a slightly open mouth) Erect nipples Male game characters RARELY display these traits

31. 06/09/06 31

32. 06/09/06 32

33. 06/09/06 33

34. 06/09/06 34 Solution Sexualize your male NPC characters Allow your players choice in the appearance of their avatars – while they may like to look at sexualized images, they may not want to be represented by one

35. 06/09/06 35 We can make an adult game for men and then just flip the genders for the women.

36. 06/09/06 36 Gender differences in stimulus response

37. 06/09/06 37 Gender differences in stimulus response Males derive physiological response from visual stimulus

38. 06/09/06 38 Gender differences in stimulus response Males derive physiological response from visual stimulus Females derive physiological response from tactile and emotional stimulus

39. 06/09/06 39 Most games today, including adult titles, rely primarily on visual stimulus as a motivation to continue play and/or as a reward

40. 06/09/06 40 2005 Bloodrayne appeared in Playboy

41. 06/09/06 41 What about humor?

42. 06/09/06 42 What about humor? Do not use humor that “puts down” or degrades females.

43. 06/09/06 43 Solution Provide emotional as well as visual stimulus in your games to encourage repeat play experience DO NOT trivialize the importance of the emotional input Use sexual humor with caution

44. 06/09/06 44 How can we make adult games that appeal to women? Provide them with content that can be procured in a mainstream location Provide titles that employ modeling/imitative learning models Use sexualized male NPCs, but provide choice in avatar creation Use emotional (romantic) stimulus as well as visual Use humor with caution

45. 06/09/06 45 What if my player is female? Sheri Graner Ray Sex and Video Games San Francisco, CA June 9, 2006