1. Revision Notes By 3a4

2. Title of Topic: Key Terms On Neolithic/Meoslithic! 1.Houses : circular, wooden frame tied at the bottom, covered with grass or bushes, wattle and daub. 2.mattocks: a tool used for breaking up hard ground. 3.pottery: cooking, storing food, and burials. 4. Court cairns: used for burial for dead people and cremation it was a semi- circle court( or open space), and others portal dolmen and passage tombs. 5.newgrange: people were well organised, great builders, had a religion and believed in after life, were astronomers and mathematicians, also skilled craftsmen. 6.weapons: stone axes, knives, scrapers,arrows, bone needles, jewellery. 7.food: saddle stone, fish, hunted, gathered berries, animal skins, woollen clothes. 8. Neolithic sites: Newgrange Co. Mayo

3. Title of Topic: People in History The Mesolithic/Neolithic period: 1. How mesolithic people reached ireland and where they settled? 2. How they lived at the time? 3.Where the neolithic people came from? 4. The improvements they brought with them to ireland? 5. How neolithic people lived? 6.Neolithic megalithic tombs: court cairn, portal dolmen, and passage tomb ( in newgrange) 7. Introduce yourself and the Neolithic people. 8. Tell the reader all about your Neolithic house 9. Talk about the work you do, the tools you use, the food you eat and the clothes you wear. 10. Talk about the weapons you use when hunting for other food. 11. Talk about pottery and why Neolithic people use it. 12. Talk about the burial customs and explain the three types of tomb. 13. Finish with Newgrange

4. The Celts; Key Terms 1.Celtic legends; A page of An Táin Bó Cuailgne, which tells us a story of the fight between the men of Connacht and Ulster over the Bull of Cooley. 2.Brehon Laws; Was the Celtic Law. 3.Ring-forts; An area enclosed by one or more earthen banks and ditches were a circular shape. 4.Souterrains; Underground passages or tunnels. 5.Crannógs; Artifical lake dwellings. 6.Ogham Stones; Standing stones with Ogham writing. 7.Rotary Quern; To grind grain. 8.Hill-forts; Larger than ring-forts, built on hills,ceremonies. 9.Art Style; La Téne, spirals, curved lines, florals. 10.Rí; The King of the Kingdom.

5. The Celts;People in History Celts; 1. The Celts were warriors and farmers who spread out from southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland to France, Britain, Ireland and other countries. 2. They were known as the Greeks. 3. They ruled Ireland for many centuries. 4. People lived in ring-forts up to the twelfth century over 40,000 examples of them have been found. 5. Some Celts live in Crannógs where timber piles were driven into the lake bed in a circle and earth, sods, stones and timber were thrown in to create and artificial island. 6. Celtic Ireland was divided into about 150 kingdoms. 7. The Rí was the King of the Kingdom. 8. Food was produced on the farms, where cattle, sheep and pigs were also kept. 9. The meat was was cooked on spits and also in fulachta fiadh, which were still used from the Bronze Age. 10. Iron was used a lot by The Celts which bronze was still used for ornaments.

6. Early Christian Ireland: Key Terms 1.Book of kells; a manuscript copy of the gospels 2.Cahach; an example of a manuscript 3.High cross; tall stone cross in monasteries 4.Refectory; dining room 5.Round tower; tall tower built in monastery 6.Scriptorium; Manuscript room

7. Early Christian Ireland : People in History A monk in early Christian Ireland 1. Explain how Christianity came to Ireland and what a monastery is. 2. Describe your monastery, the abbot's job and the buildings. 3. Talk about the jobs monks do in the monastery. 4. Talk about manuscripts. 5. Describe the different kinds of art and craft produced by monks. 6. Mention the work of monks going abroad. 7. 8. 9. 10.

8. The Romans: Key Terms 1.Patricians;(rich) lived in houses. 2.Plebeians;(poor) lived in apartments. 3.A private house was called domus. 4.Atrium was the open courtyard in the middle. 5.Peristylium; was a walled garden. 6.Evidence; ruins, coins, Latin documents 7.Family; Father was totally in charge. Strict discipline. Married young(12-14). 8.Clothes; Knee-length tunics. Toga for men. Stola for women. 9.Food; The poor ate bread and porridge. The rich ate a lot of meat, lying down. 10.Education; For rich only. Secondary school for boys only. Very strict.

9. The Romans: People in History Roman citizen. 1.Introuduce yourself- a plebeian or patrician. 2.Talk about your house. (domus or insulae) 3.Talk about your family: clothes, school, your parents’ work, food. 4.Talk about what you do for fun:gladiator contests, chariot races and plays. 5.Talk about your religious beliefs - both the Roman religion and Christianity. 6.Talk about being at a Roman funeral service. 7. 8. 9. Other possible People in this Section:

10. The middle ages: Key Terms 1.Feudalism: medieval system of land ownership. 2.Fief: land granted by kings to lords 3.Vassal: received land from lord in exchange for sworn loyalty. 4.Motte and bailey castle: mound of earth on top with a timber fence around it with a motte around it. 5.Lord: fought for the king and held courts 6.Knights: fought for the king and the barons. 7.Manor: village and land around it. 8.Monastery: place where monks lived. 9.Convents: place where nuns lived. 10.Black death: plague caused by black rats.

11. Title of Topic: People in History A monk in a medieval monastery 1. you’re a novice. Introduce yourself and what you do. 2. Talk about your monastery. 3. Talk about religious architecture during the middle ages. 4. Talk about the vows you must take to become a monk. 5. Talk about your roles and roles of other monks. 6. Talk about everyday life in a monastery. 7. Talk about the meals. 8. Talk about the new orders that are being set up. Other possible people in this section: A night in a medieval castle. A peasant in a medieval manor. A craftsman in a medieval town.

12. Renaissance: Key Terms 1.Mona Lisa; Was a painting done by Leonardo De Vinci. 2.The Last Supper; Was also painted by Leonardo De Vinci. 3.Michelangelo; Was also a poet as well as an artist. 4.Sculpters; Statues Michelangelo made with his bare hands. 5.Shakespare; Was a play writter and poet. 6.Plays; Shakespare wrote 35 plays. 7.Romeo&Juilet; was a play shakesspare wrote, both love and death. 8.Galileo; Was the father of science. 9.Telascope; invention galileo made. 10.Galileo; discovered all soild objects.

13. Leonardo De Vinci:People in History Title of Person 1.Painted the Mona lisa, one of the most famous paintings out there, now on show in france. 2.Painted The Last Supper, a painting of jesus and his friends sitting around a table at jesus’ last meal. 3.He was a renaissance man. 4.He was the first to use sfumato. 5.Apprenticed to verrochio. 6.Designed planes, cannons, and tanks. 7.Dissected more than 30 bodies. 8.Done loads of self portiets. 9.Died in France 10.Died From Phomiona while painting on a beach/

14. Ages of explorations 1.3 Beliefs: earth was flat, sea monsters, world was smaller. 2.Caravels: these were ships which were clicker built. 3.Log book: books that stored information about the voyage. 4.Scurvy: disease caused by lack of vitamin c swelled up gums. 5.Henry the navigator: set up school for navigation. 6.Padroas: stone pillars marked off where they were. 7.Diaz: he discovered cape of good hope because caught in storm. 8.Vasco de Gama: found Calicut after 2 years of voyage. 9.Ferdinand and Isabella: king and queen of Spain they supported Columbus's voyage. 10.3 of Columbus's ship : Nina, Pinta,Santa Maria

15. Topic Title: Causes and Results CausesMain EventsResults Influenced by renaissance.New navigation instruments invented. Many died with diseases. Rulers wanted power and wealth so they sponsored voyages. Prince henry the navigator set up school for navigation. Cultures destroyed. ReligionDiaz influenced the cape of good hope. New ‘slave trade’ introduced from Africa. Wealth and power for the explorers themselves. De Gama reached India.Countries other than Italy became rich and powerful. Marco polo’s book encouraged people to find new routes. Columbus’s voyage. Supported by Ferdinand and Isabella. Many enslaved, tortured and murder.

16. Columbus: People in History Christopher Columbus 1.He believed world was round and he wanted to sail west to convert people to Christianity. 2.His three ships were called the Nina, Pinta and the Santa Maria 3.His voyages were supported by Ferdinand and Isabella who were the king and queen of Spain. 4.The ships were clinker built(wood overlapped) steered with rudders,lateen sails and square sails. 5.One meal a day fed to crew often caught scurvy because they lacked in vitamin C. Their food was cooked in a firebox on deck 6.A compass was used for direction, quadrant used for latitude. 7. two logbooks were kept on with true information about the voyage and the other with false information. 8.The crews food was mainly dry salted such as biscuits, meat. 9.Columbus founded san Salvador. 10.Columbus’s discoveries led him into conflict with Portuguese

17. The Reformation: Key Terms 1.Indulgences: sold by John Tetzel said that they would get you to heaven. 2.Salvation: going to heaven with faith alone. 3.Peace of Augsburg: Each ruler was free to decide the religion of his or her state. 4.Council of Trent: meeting to reform the Catholic Church and stop the spread of Protestantism. 5.Jesuits: were organised like an army they preached and taught in schools. 6.Court of Inquisition: a court that tried and tortured people who opposed the Catholic Church. 7.Diet of Worms: Where Luther was asked to withdraw his ideas.

18. The Reformation: Causes and Results CausesMain EventsResults Wealth of the churchLuther nailed 95 theses on Wittenburg church Europe was divided into Catholics and Protestants RenaissancePeace of Augsburg Printing Press spread ideasKing Henry VIII made himself head of Church of England Abuses

19. The Reformation: People in History Mrtin Luther 1.Professor of Theology at Wittenburg College 2. Believed in salvation 3. Objected to the sale of indulgences and abuses 4. Wrote 95 theses and nailed them to the door of a church in Wittenberg 5. His ideas were translated into German and spread quickly 6. Had a public debate with John Eck but still refused to change his views 7. The Pope banned Luther from receiving the sacraments 8. Luther came before the Diet of Worms and still refused to take back what he had said so he was arrested 9. Frederick the Wise of Saxony hid him in Wittenburg castle where Luther translated the bible into German 10. Luther’s followers became known as Protestants

20. The Plantations : Key Terms 1.The Pale – area in south and north Dublin, kings official's had power. English was spoken here. 2.Anglo-Irish – descendants of the anglo-normans 3.Gaelic Irish – they controlled the native Irish lords 4.Servitor – English soldiers and officials who were granted land in the plantation of ulster. 5.Undertaker- English planters who got land during the plantation 6.Loyal Irish – Irish people who didn’t fight against the English 7.London Derry-when the English people took over Derry and renamed it 8.Adventurers- English people who claimed land during the plantation of Munster 9.Queens county- Laois 10.Down survey- a map and survey done in relation to confiscated land

21. Ulster Plantations : Causes and Results CausesMain EventsResults Elizabeth wanted English law and Protestant religion in Ulster. Setting up of London Derry. Many Scottish Presbyterians did come. Flight of the Earls 1607 King James 1 said leaders of the fight of Earls were traitors and her confiscated their land. Legacy of hatred Treaty of Mellifont All lands were giving to the church of Ireland and trinity college New towns James 1 confiscated land People with land had to build on their land for defence… 1000 – bawn 1500 - bawn and stone house 2000- bawn and defensive tower Trade prospered

22. Ulster Planation : People in History Planter during the Ulster plantation… 1. Name your plantation and the King. 2. What the King wanted to do. 3. Three types of planter, which one you are, and the land and allowances you have. 4. The plantation of Londonderry. 5. Is the plantation going to be a success? 6. Your conditions and defending the land.

23. Revolutions: Key Terms 1.American: The Navigation Acts-When Britain wanted to control colonies and use them for its own benefit. 2.The Seven Years War-When the British and American colonies combined to defeat the French 3.Boston Massacre-When British imposed taxes on a number of imported goods including tea. 4.Boston Tea Party-When Americans dumped 342 crates of tea from British ships into Boston Harbour. 5.French: Louis XVI-The kind of France(absolute monarch) 6.Estates-General-When king Louis wanted to raise taxes to pay off France’s depts. 7. The National Assembly-It abolished the privileges of nobles and tithes. 8.Irish: Society of United Irishmen-When a group of Presbyterians invited Wolf Tone to a meeting in Belfast. 9.Oulart Hill-A rising took place here led by Father John Murphy and Bagenal Harvey(most serious rising). 10.Act of Union-This act abolished the houses of parliament in Dublin.

24. Revolutions: Causes and Results CausesMain EventsResults American-Thirteen Colonies. American-The Boston Massacre and The Boston Tea Party. American-The United States of America was founded. The Navigation Acts.Winter in Valley Forge and The Battle of Yorktown. The victory of the Americans inspired French people to challenge their King. French-Absolute Monarchy and The Age of Enlightenment. French-The Meeting of the estates General, The Fall of Bastille and The Reign of Terror. French-Liberty, Equality and Fraternity(they spread to other countries). Rise of Napoleon. Irish-The Power of the Protestant Ascendancy. Irish-The Founding of the United Irishmen and When Tone seeks French help. Irish-The power of monarchy was reduced. Growth of Democracy. Poverty in the countryside.The Rising of 1798.More Independence.

25. Revolutions: People in History George Washington 1.He was a revolutionary leader in American war of Independence. 2.He represented Virginia in the Continental Congress where he was appointed commander-in-chief. 3.He Supported the Declaration of Independence. He did not have a disciplined army. 4.His first success was taking Boston but he soon last New York. 5.His first important success was his attack on the British at Trenton. 6.Washington next defeated the British at Princeton. 7.Eashing had to retreat the Valley forge and his men suffered from cold and starvation. 8.He surrounded the British Army under Cornwallis at Yorktown 9.America got its independence from the Treaty of Versailles. 10.Washington headed the Constitutional Convection.

26. Industrial revolution: Key Terms 1.The mines report: this was a document which stated how bad working conditions were. 2.James Simpson: began to use chloroform as an anesthetic to lessen pain 3.Vaccination :was an important development by Edward Jenner, this gave people a certain amount of a disease to prevent them from getting it 4.Trappers: these were young children who sat in the damp and cold to open and close trap doors for wagons to come through 5.Public health board of 1848: this set up boards of health whose job it was to clean streets,inspect new housing,increase piped water supplies and build sewers 6.Upper class: rich people they had plentiful supply og good food and housing 7.Sunday school: these were schools run by religious groups to teach children about the bible 8.Robert owen :owned a cotton factory,he was fair to his workers and gave them houses and shortened working hours

27. Industrial revolution: Causes and Results CausesMain EventsResults rise in populationRoad improvements by john mcadam and thomas telford(tolls, tar mac) Children under nine were not allowed to work Britians tradeRailways and the stephenson rocket People had more time off work Enclosing landSteam power was set by thomas newcomen and james watt Middle class boys went to grammar schools Manufacturing inventionsPublic health act 1848Sport and leisure activities were better organised Agricultural revolutionFacotry and mine actsGreater loads of raw materials and finished products were able to be carried

28. Industrial revolution: People in History Title of Person 1.Goods were made in houses under the domestic industry. 2.Areas went through a process of enclosure 3.There were new farming methods such as selective breedinf and the norfolk crop rotation 4.Jethro tull invented the seed drill and cyrus mccormick invented the reaper 5.Roads were developed by john mcadam and thomas telford 6.James brindley designed the forst canal 7.The stephenson rocket saw a great change in the impact of railways. 8.The mines report and factory reports were issued which shocked many people 9.Health services were developed and vaccinations were set up by joseph lister 10.The working class were intitled to a half day on Saturday and had more time to spen on leisure

29. The Famine : Key Terms 1.Cottiers: Were Labourers who rented a small plot of ground. 2.Workhouse: Was set up by British governtment, people who could not pay rent went here. Women and children were split. 3.Blight: Blight is a disease that attacks and rots potatoes. 4.Sir Robert Peel: sent Indian corn enough to feed 1 million people to Ireland. 5.Soup Kitchens: Set up by Quakers, soup was cooked in large boilers and given directly to the poor. 6.Emigration: Thousand left Ireland and went to Canada, United States and Britain to find work. 7.Coffin Ships: Name given to ships which poorer people were on as they were so squashed. 8.Fall in population: The population in Ireland fell by 2 million. 9.Subdivison: Practice of dividing the land. 10.Typhus: was one of the most serious sicknesses which killed many.

30. The Famine: Causes and Results CausesMain EventsResults Rise in population.Setting up of soup kitchens. Fall in population. Subdivison of the land.Setting up of workhouses.Subdivision ended. Dependence on the potato. Indian corn been sent over by sir robet peel. Decline of irish language. Potato Blight.People Emigrating to other countries. Politics.

31. The Famine: People in History Sir Robert Peel: 1.He ordered the importation of 100,000 pounds worth of Indian corn to Ireland, enough to feed 1 million people. 2.The corn reduced the impact of the famine but some people called it ‘Peel’s Brimestone’ as it was hard to eat. 3.Peel also set up public work schemes this allowed people to earn money by working on roads and piers. 4.Robert Peel was replaced as prime minister in 1846 by lord john russel. 5.Russel’s government stopped peels policy of buying corn. 6.He expanded public work schemes. 7.There was problems with public work schemes pay was very low, people were often to weak to walk to work and had to work long distances to get to work

32. Europe after WW1: Key Terms 1.The Allied Powers: Britain,France,Russia. 2.The Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary,Turkish empire. 3.Peace conference in Paris: when the allied leaders met to discuss peace terms. 4.President Wilson: wanted Germany to be treated fairly. 5.David Lloyd George: wanted harsh terms on Germany. 6.President Clemenceau: wanted revenge on Germany. 7.Treaty of Versailles: the harsh peace terms with Germany. 8.War guilt Clause: Germany had to take full blame for the war. 9.The League of Nations: set up to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace. 10.Reasons for failure: U.S.A did not join the league,the league had no army to enforce its decisions and all decisions had to be unanimous which slowed down the operation of the League.

33. Europe after WW1: Account Plan Title of Account 1.Two groups in WW1..The Allied powers and the central powers. 2.Peace conference in Paris at palace of Versailles. 3.The views of the Allied leaders of how Germany should be treated. 4.The terms of the Treaty of Versailles(war guilt clause, reparartions, demilitarisation of Rhineland…etc.) 5.Germanys reaction to the Treaty. 6.The results of the Treaty (assessment of the peace treaties). 7.The League of Nations and the reasons why it failed.

34. Mussolini’s Italy: Key Terms 1.Fascism- Anti-democratic, Anti-Communist political belief. 2.Blackshirts-Mussolini’s fascist followers. 3.March on Rome- March Mussolini led to allow fascists into government. 4.Il Duce- Name Mussolini gave himself meaning ‘Leader’. 5.Autostrada- Motorway system. 6.Domestic Policy- Things Mussolini promised to do for the country. 7.OVRA- Secret Police. 8.Balila- Brainwashed young boys into liking Mussolini and joining the army. 9.Foreign Policy- To spread Fascism and recreate the Roman Empire. 10.Pact Of Steel- Deal with Hitler to both fight for each other.

35. Mussolini’s Italy: Account Plan Title of Account 1. Write about his ideas of Fascism and the Blackshirts. 2. Fascist Education and Changes 3. The success’ in the Domestic Policy 4. Taking over of Africa 5. Pact of steel with Hitler 6. Italy joining the war with Germany 7. Death of Mussolini

36. Mussolini and Italy: Key Person Mussolini 1. Write about Dictatorship and how Fascism began 2. His Domestic and Foreign Policies 3. His March on Rome, Il Duce and rise to power in Italy 4. Success’ In his Domestic Policy 5. Joining the War with Germany (Pact Of Steel) 6. Taking over Africa and Austria 7. His death

37. Hitler & Germany: Key Terms 1.The Great Depression : After WW1, the German economy was in ruins and started to recover in the 1920s. 2.Propaganda : Using posters, slogans and media to make something sound better than others. 3.Lebensraum : Bigger living space for Germany 4.Blackshirts : Led by Heinrich Himmler, Hitler's bodyguards. 5.Swastika : Symbol of the Nazis. 6.Enabling Law : Passed in 1933,Allowed Hitler to rule by decree. 7.Gestapo : The secret police. 8.Der Fuhrer : Means ‘the Leader’. 9.Hitler Youth : For boys where they were brainwashed with Nazi ideas. 10.Night Of Broken Glass : When jewish shops and synagogues were attacked by the Nazis on the 9 th of November,1938.

38. Hitler & Germany : Account Plan Hitler’s Rise To Power: 1.Weakness of the Weimar Republic. 2.The Great Depression. 3.Hitler’s Leadership of the Nazis 4.Hitler’s Policies 5.Propaganda 6.The Brownshirts & The Blackshirts. 7.Dictatorship.

39. Hitler & Germany: Key Person Adolf Hitler: 1.Hitler’s Ideas 2.Hitler In Power 3.Dictatorship 4.Nazi Propaganda 5.Nazi Economy 6.The Nazis & The Jews 7 The Final Solution

40. Drift to ww2: Key Terms 1.lebensraum;hitler needed land so he tried to take it by force. 2.Spanish civil war; war between fascists and communists which Hitler and Mussolini helped fascists. 3.rome-berlin axis; it was good relations with Hitler and Mussolini that helped Hitler go ahead and union with Austria. 4.appeasement; was Britain and France giving Hitler something so he would stop fighting. 5.anschluss; means uniting Germany and Austria. 6.sudetenland;area in Czechoslovakia where Germans were and Hitler wanted. 7.Munich conference; meeting that said Germany could have Sudetenland if he didn't fight. 8.re-occupation of the Rhineland ; Hitler marched into land,got it back, and no one stopped him. 9.Nazi soviet pact; pact between Russia and Germany that they wont go to war. 10.The start of ww2; Poland after he was refused the polish corridor.

41. Drift to ww2: Account Plan Drift to ww2 1.Hitlers beliefs 2.Rhineland remilitarised 3.Relations with Mussolini 4.Union with Austria 5.Hitler goes on challenged 6.The Munich conference 7.Nazi soviet pact and polish corridor

42. World War II in Europe: Key Terms 1.Luftwaffe: The German Air Force during World War II 2.Phoney War: During 1939 enemy troops faced each other across the Franco-German border but did not fight. 3.Maginot Line: A line of forifications along the border of France and Germany. 4.Blitzkrieg: German battle tactics which involved bombing places repeatedly. 5.Operation Sea Lion: Hitler’s plan of invading Britain which ended in failure. 6.Operation Barbarossa: Hitler’s attempted invasion of Soviet Russia. 7.The Blitz: Germans bombed British cities and Winston Churchill refused to surrender. 8.The Holocaust: Hitler’s plan to kill all Jews 9.Pearl Harbour: Attacked by Japan, which led to America joining the war. 10.D-Day: Invasion of the continent of Europe by America and Britain.

43. World War II in Europe: Account Plan Operation Barbarossa 1. Hitler wanted lebensraum and ordered an attack on Russia. 2. Blitzkrieg tactics used against the cities Leningrad, Moscow, and Kiev. 3. Stalin fought back in the Great Patriotic War. 4. Russians used a scorched earth policy. 5. Russian Winter halted Hitler’s progress. 6. Germans advanced to Stalingrad and were stopped at the Battle of Stalingrad. 7. Germans were forced to surrender in February 1943

44. World War II in Europe: Key Person Winston Churchill 1. Prime Minister of Britain replacing Neville Chamberlain. 2. Prime Minister during the Battle of Britain. 3. Refused to surrender during Operation Sea Lion. 4. Royal Air Force were against the German Luftwaffe. 5. Almost 1,500 planes attacked Britain on Day of the Eagle 6. Invasion of Britain was Hitler’s first defeat. 7. Churchill’s leadership boosted the morale of the people.

45. The Cold War: Key Terms 1.Causes of the Cold War- Communism Vs Capitalism, Soviet aggression and expansionism. 2.Truman Doctrine-American policy to help resist spread of Communism. 3.The Marshall Plan-America giving money to Europe to help recovery, stopped Communism spreading. 4.Deutschmark-new West Berlin currency, sparked off the Berlin Blockade. 5.Berlin Airlift-air corridors where the Americans flew in supplies to the West Berliners. 6.38 th Parallel-Korea divided into North and South along this line. 7.The Space Race-The US and USSR competing to get to space ahead of each other. 8.Fidel Castro-leader of Cuban Communist group, overthrew dictator and nationalised Cuba. 9.Krushchev-Russian Prime Minister during Cuban Missile Crisis. 10.Results of the Cold War-Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Washington-Moscow hotline, US and USSR agreed never to risk nuclear war again.

46. The Cold War: Account Plan The Korean War 1.Background to the war-38 th Parallel, United Nations, political differences. 2.When the war began-June 1950, North invades South. 3.US and UN involvement-sea and air support, President Truman. 4.Douglas MacArthur-repelling of North Koreans, continued to Chinese border, his dismissal. 5.Chinese involvement-pushed UN and US forces back, Communists. 6.End of the war-election of Eisenhower the American President and the death of Stalin. 7.Results of the Korean War-between 1000000 and 1250000 dead, America allies with Communist countries such as Japan, United Nations remained strong….

47. The Cold War: John F. Kennedy Persons Name 1.Background-state of birth, date 2.Involvement in the Cuban Missile Crisis 3.Bay of Pigs 4.Addressing of the American People on Television 5.Dealings with Russia over Nuclear Weapons-warheads in Turkey 6.How he Ended the Crisis-agreed not to invade Russia

48. Ireland in 1900: Key Terms 1.Nationalists=Wanted changes in the way Ireland was ruled. 2.Unionists=Wanted to keep the system as it was England making decisions for Ireland. 3.Home Rule=They wanted a parliament in Ireland to deal with internal Irish affairs eg education. 4.IRB= Irish republican brotherhood, it was a secret revolutionary organisation members were also known as The Fenians. 5. Sinn Fein=Arthur Griffith founded sinn fein in 1905. 6.The Labour Movement=Jim Larkin made efforts to form a trade union this led to conflict with employers. 7.ITGWU= Jim Larkin formed the Irish Transport and General Workers Union he wanted to unionise unskilled workers. 8.The Dublin Lockout= The employers wanted to destroy the ITGWU so they locked their employees out. 9.Irish labour army= Larkin and Connolly founded the irish labour army to represent workers in a new home rule parliament. 10.Irish Citizen Army=James Connolly founded this to protect the workers during the lockout.

49. Ireland In 1900s: Account Plan Ireland in 1900s 1.Unionists and nationalists 2.The labour movement 3.The home rule crisis, Conservative party and the liberal party, Third home rule bill. 4.The 1916 rising, rodger Casement, James Connolly, Patrick Pearse. 5.The Independence Struggle 1919-21 6.The Anglo Irish Treaty 7.The Results- Death and destrucion Bitterness Lost leaders and Political parties.

50. Ireland in the 1900s: Key Person Arthur Griffith 1. He founded Sinn Fein in 1905 2.He was a journalist 3.He admired the Hungarians who won their indepdance who from Austria in the 1860s, He wanted to use their methods to achieve his goals 4.He wanted dual monarchy for Britain and Ireland 5.He wanted to develop Irish Industry 6.These goals would be achieved by means of Parliamentary abstenion 7.Some of griffiths ideas were put into practice in later years

51. The Home Rule Crisis: Key Terms 1.Home Rule – Irish Nationalist policy that wanted self-government in Ireland with a Parliament in Dublin dealing with internal Irish affairs. 2.Conservative Party - Opposed home rule in Ireland. 3.Liberal Party – Supported home rule for Ireland. 4. Parliament Act – The House of Lords could delay laws for only 2 years. 5.Third Home Rule Bill – Stated that a parliament in Dublin would deal with internal affairs & a parliament in Westminster would deal with external affairs. 6.Ulster Solemn League & Covenant – Promised that Unionists would defend the position of equal citizenship in the UK. 7.Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) – Unionists volunteer force to resist Home Rule. 8.Curragh Mutiny – British officers would resign rather than march on Ulster to impose Home Rule. 9.Irish Volunteer Force – Founded be Eoin MacNeill to pressure the British Government to bring in Home Rule.

52. Title of Topic: Account Plan The Home Rule Crisis 1912 - 14 1. The Liberal Party took over government & passed the Parliament Act. 2. Prime Minister Asquith introduced the Third Home Rule Bill. 3. Unionists led demonstrations, sign the Ulster Solemn League & Covenant, set up UVF to stop Home Rule. 4. Irish Volunteer Force brought in ammunition to Howth, Dublin. 5. The Third Home Rule Bill was making progress, it looked as if Ireland was heading to Civil War. 6. It came to a stop when Britain declared war on Germany. 7. The Home Rule Bill was passed but swiftly suspended & not revived until 1919.

53. Topic Title: Key Person Arthur Griffith 1. Founder of Sinn Fein. 2. He was a journalist. 3. Admired Hungarians who got independence from Austria & established their own parliament. 4. He wanted Sinn Fein to use their methods to achieve his goals.

54. The 1916 rising: Key Terms 1.Military Council: set up by the IRB to organise the rising. 2.Three members of this council: Thomas Clarke, Sean McDermott and Patrick Pearse. 3.IRB: Irish republican brotherhood. 4.Castle Document: a forged document and all leaders where to be arrested. 5.Four buildings associated with the rising: GPO, Bolands Mill, south union and St. Stephens green. 6.The Aud: was captured off the Kerry coast. It was scuttled by its captain at the entrance to Cork harbour, all the arms and ammunition were lost. 7.Easter Monday: the day the rising went ahead, it was now confined to mainly Dublin.No hope of military success. 8.Reinforcements: extra soldiers. 9.2 Results: death and destrution and the rise of sinn fein. 10. Sinn Fein rising: T he party grew more popular and gained many younger members.

55. The 1916 Rising: Account Plan Title of Account 1. Plans for the rising 2. Military Council Plans 3. The plans go wrong 4. The rising goes ahead 5. The British Government responds 6. End of the Rising 7. The results

56. The 1916 Rising : Key Person Patrick Pearse 1. Early Life 2. He was a member of the military council 3. The volunteers and Home rule 4. The Irish republic and the IRB 5. The Easter rising 6. The proclamation 7. His death

57. The Irish War of Independance : Key Terms 1.Passive Resistance – a policy of opposing the British Government without using violence. 2.Dail Eireann – Irish Parliament. 3.Guerrilla Warfare – ‘hit and run tactics’. 4.Sinn Fein – New government set about gaining as much control over the coutry as possible. 5.Soloheadbeg, Co.Tipperary - Where an RIC patrol was ambushed. 6.The Squad – Set up by Michael Collins to kill British spies. 7.Flying Columns – Local IRA units. 8.David Lloyd George – British Prime Mister. 9.Black and Tans – Ex British soldiers to replace dead RIC members. 10.Bloody Sunday – When Black And Tans shot into a crowd at Croke Park killing 12 people.

58. Title of Topic: The Irish War of Independence. Title of Account 1.Nationalists in Ireland organised a campaign to gain independence from Britain. 2.Sinn Fein held the first Dail Eireann in Mansion House, Dublin. Only 27 TDs attended. 3.The new Sinn Fein government set about gaining as much control over the country as possible. 4.An RIC patrol was ambushed in Soloheadbeg, Co.Tipperary by an IRA group. Two men were shot. These were the first shots of the war of independence. 5.The IRA used Guerilla war tactics against the British. 6.The ‘Squad’ was set up by Michael Collins to kill british spies. 7.On Bloody Sunday, Black and Tans shot into a crowd at Croke Park killing 12 people.

59. The Irish War of Independance: Key Person Michael Collins. 1. He was born in Ireland but worked in London for a while. He came back to fight in the 1916 Rising. 2. After the Rising, he was involved with the Sinn Fein and The Irish Vounteers. 3.He was Minister for Finance in the First Dail. 4.During the War of Independence, he was Director of Organisation and Intelligance for the IRA. 5.He was a member of the delogation that negotiated the Anglo-Irish Treaty. 6.He was commander-in-chief of the Free State Army in the Civil War, 7.He was killed in an ambush at Beal na mBlath on 20 August, 1922.

60. Irish civil war: Key Terms 1.Pro-treaty; regulars/free state army (IRA members) 2.Anti-treaty; irregulars/republicans 3.Beal na mBlath; Michael Collins assassinated (Cork) 4.Guerilla warfare; military tactics eg. ambush/ raids 5.2 Results; death & destruction, loss of leaders. 6.Michael Collins; Irish leader, was in the first dail and member of delegation during anglo-irish treaty 7.Arthur Griffith; politician, founded & led sinn fein. 8.Political parties; fianna fail, fine geal sinn fein. 9.Anglo- Irish treaty; treaty between Britain and Ireland, provided for establishment within a year (Irish free state with British commonwealth) 10.Four Courts; A building in dublin (irelands biggest courthouse) it was bombed when the republicans took it over, yet it still stands today.

61. Irish civil war: Account Plan Title of Account 1.causes 2.divisions 3.Fighiting begins 4.Munster republic 5.Death of griffith& collins 6.Guerrilla warfare 7.results

62. Irish civil war: Eamon De Velera Eamon De Velara 1. Early life 2.easter rising 3.anglo-irish treaty 4.Irish civil war 5. Fianna fail 6.President of ireland 7death

63. Cumann Na nGaedheal: Key Terms 1.Oireachtas: The two houses of parliament, the Dail and the Senad together. 2.Garda Siochana: The new unarmed police force. 3.The Army Mutiny: When the government planned to reduce the size of the free state army. 4.The Shannon Scheme: A huge hydroelectric dam built on the Shannon to produce electricity. 5.The Boundary Commission: When the Anglo-Irish Treaty set up a boundary commission to make changes to the border between Nothern Ireland and the rest of Ireland. 6.Statute of Westminster: Allowed each Commonwealth country to change any laws that had been passed by the British Government for that country. 7.The Public Safety Act: Gave the government wide powers of arrest. 8.Governor General: The king’s representative in Ireland who lived in Phoenix Park. 9.Oath Of Allegiance: TD’s had to take an oath of loyalty to the Irish Government and to the King of England as head of Commonwealth. 10.ESB: Electricity Supply Board. Was set up to build a national grid to distribute electricity around the country.

64. Cumann Na nGaedheal: Account Plan Cumann Na nGaedheal Government: 1923-1932 1.Law and Order 2.The Army Mutiny 3.The Economy 4.The Shannon Scheme 5.Relatioins With Britain: The Boundary Commission 6.Ireland in The Commonwealth 7.The decline of Cumann Na nGaedheal

65. Cumann Na nGaedheal: Key Person W.T Cosgrave 1. Leader of Cumann Na nGaedheal 2. Aims: Establish Law and Order, Rebuild the Economy and Manage Relations with Britain 3. The Constitution laid out how the country was to be governed. Include main points of Constitution. Eg: Garda Siochana, Public Safety Act. 4.Took control over the army with The Army Mutiny. 5.Felt agriculture was more important than industry so made efforts to improve agriculture. 6. One of most important projects to develop Irish industry was The Shannon scheme. 7. Relations with Britain and The Decline of Cumann Na nGaedhael.

66. The Emergency: Key Terms 1.Neutrality: Ireland did not become involved in war. 2.Operation Green: German spies, Hitler planned to use IRA. 3.Sean Lemass: minister for supplies.

67. The Emergency: Account Plan The Emergency 1.Ireland remained neutral to show independence. 2.Ireland also too weak to fight. 3.Emergency powers act: censorship and army built up. 4.Germany planned to use IRA, Operation Green. 5.Britain and United States didn’t like Irelands neutrality. 6.North Strand bombed by Germans. 7.IRA danger to neutrality.

68. Sean Lemass: Key Person What Sean Lemass the minister for supplies did: 1. Irish shipping set up. 2.Rationing to conserve food. 3.Turf replaced coal which made trains slower. 4.Bread made with whole grain which made it black and full of water. 5.The glimmer man, turn off all lights after curfew. 6. 7