1. Regional and urban Policy Measuring access to public transport in European cities Hugo Poelman REGIO-GIS DG Regional and Urban Policy

2. Regional and urban Policy Measuring access to public transport Location of all public transport stops Frequency of services bus and tram trains and metros Population per building block based on detailed population grids census tracts neighbourhood statistics plus disaggregation using land use data and/or imperviousness if needed

3. Regional and urban Policy General Transit Feed Specification model

4. Regional and urban Policy Location of stops Bus and tram Train and metro Stockholm

5. Regional and urban Policy Average stops an hour from 6 am to 8 pm on a normal week day

6. Regional and urban Policy Service areas around stops Stops near to each other are clustered both sides of a street; bus stations sum of available departures per cluster Service areas 5 minutes walking distance for bus and tram 10 minutes for train and metro using comprehensive street network, accessible to pedestrians

7. Regional and urban Policy Frequency classes Number of departures per service area In overlapping areas: maximum value of the overlapping service areas Frequency classes High: > 10 departures an hour Medium: more than 4 but less than 10 an hour Low: less than 4 an hour Null: no public transport stops within walking distance

8. Regional and urban Policy Combined frequency classes Very highAccess to more than ten departures an hour for both medium- and high-speed modes HighAccess to more than ten departures an hour for one mode, but not both MediumAccess to between four and ten departures an hour on one or both modes, but no access to more than ten departures and hour Lowless than four departures an hour for one or both modes, but no access to more than four departures an hour NullNo access within walking distance

9. Regional and urban Policy Population distribution Urban Atlas Population by block

10. Regional and urban Policy Four spatial levels: City, Urban Centre, Greater City and Larger Urban Zone Larger Urban Zone is not shown on these samples: It includes the area with substantial commuting to the city.

11. Regional and urban Policy Stockholm: areas and population by access to public transport and its frequency 844,000 1,135,000 1,542,000 2,042,000 inh. inh.

12. Regional and urban Policy

14. Population distribution and number of departures in large cities* Y% of population has access to at least X departures an hour * cities: defined as urban centres

15. Regional and urban Policy Population distribution and number of departures in mid-size cities* Y% of population has access to at least X departures an hour * cities: defined as urban centres

16. Regional and urban Policy Conclusion A new harmonised way of assessing access to public transport Gives an internationally comparable method of assessment Can also be used to develop regional indicators Uses big data: millions of departures, thousands of bus, tram, train and metro stops

17. Regional and urban Policy Challenges Timeliness and spatial resolution of population distribution data Harmonised implementation of public transport data standards Understanding and conversion of data according to national standards Differences in open data policy implementation, data licensing policy Theoretical versus real-life transport offer

18. Regional and urban Policy Sources Delineation of cities: EC-OECD city definitions Population distribution: NSIs, GEOSTAT 2006 grid Copernicus Urban Atlas 2006 land use data Road network: TomTom MultiNet Public transport data: BE: VVM De Lijn, STIB-MIVB, SRWT-TEC, Infrabel; DK: Rejseplanen.dk; IE: dublinked.ie, LUAS, Irish Rail; EE: www.peatus.ee;www.peatus.ee FR: open data portals of cities/départements; NL: OV-9292; FI: www.matka.fi, HSL;www.matka.fi SE: www.trafiklab.se;www.trafiklab.se UK: Data.gov.uk (NapTAN and NPTDR); various cities: http://www.gtfs-data-exchange.com/agencies; Die Bahnhttp://www.gtfs-data-exchange.com/agencies

19. Regional and urban Policy Questions ?