1. Remembering September 11 th and its Impact on American History

2. Ten Years Ago this Sunday… The worst enemy attack on U.S. soil took place Today’s lesson remembers this tragedy and the influence it has had on our world. What are your memories of 9-11?

3. Part I: What happened on September 11 th, 2001?

4. The Twin Towers (World Trade Center)

8. My photos of the World Trade Center

9. The Pentagon (U.S. Military HQ)

10. 9-11-2001

11. Aftermath – World Trade Center

16. Transcript and Audio from 9/11: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/09/08/nyregion/9 11-tapes.html?scp=2&sq=9/11%20transcript&st=cse

17. Aftermath – The Pentagon

18. Flight 93 – Crashed in Pennsylvania

19. Possible Targets in Washington D.C. of the hijackers on Flight 93

20. “Where were you when the world stopped turning?” Photo of Alan Jackson performing at the Country Music Association Awards in November 2001.

21. "Where Were You (When The World Stopped Turning)" Where were you when the world stopped turning that September day Out in the yard with your wife and children Working on some stage in LA Did you stand there in shock at the site of That black smoke rising against that blue sky Did you shout out in anger In fear for your neighbor Or did you just sit down and cry Did you weep for the children Who lost their dear loved ones And pray for the ones who don't know Did you rejoice for the people who walked from the rubble And sob for the ones left below Did you burst out in pride For the red white and blue The heroes who died just doing what they do Did you look up to heaven for some kind of answer And look at yourself to what really matters

22. I'm just a singer of simple songs I'm not a real political man I watch CNN but I'm not sure I can tell you The difference in Iraq and Iran But I know Jesus and I talk to God And I remember this from when I was young Faith hope and love are some good things he gave us And the greatest is love Where were you when the world stopped turning that September day Teaching a class full of innocent children Driving down some cold interstate Did you feel guilty cause you're a survivor In a crowded room did you feel alone Did you call up your mother and tell her you love her Did you dust off that bible at home Did you open your eyes and hope it never happened Close your eyes and not go to sleep Did you notice the sunset the first time in ages Speak with some stranger on the street Did you lay down at night and think of tomorrow Go out and buy you a gun Did you turn off that violent old movie you're watching And turn on "I Love Lucy" reruns Did you go to a church and hold hands with some stranger Stand in line and give your own blood Did you just stay home and cling tight to your family Thank God you had somebody to love

23. I'm just a singer of simple songs I'm not a real political man I watch CNN but I'm not sure I can tell you The difference in Iraq and Iran But I know Jesus and I talk to God And I remember this from when I was young Faith hope and love are some good things he gave us And the greatest is love The greatest is love The greatest is love Where were you when the world stopped turning that September day

24. Oil Painting by Graydon Parrish (painted 2002-2006) New Britain Museum of Art

25. Photo of Ground Zero at Night

26. Photo of Ground Zero 5 Years Ago

27. Construction on Freedom Tower Today

28. An Image of Freedom Tower (when complete)

29. We have nearly done building a new tower at Ground Zero… Is this a good idea?

30. A final tribute note to 9/11 http://manchester.patch.com/articles/loc al-firefighters-install-911-beam-at- memorial-garden#video-6730840

31. Part II: Who’s responsible?

32. So, who is responsible for the attack? The Nineteen hijackers were part of an organization called Al-Queda, headed by Osama Bin Laden. Fifteen of the Nineteen hijackers were from one nation – Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is one of our strongest allies and a major supplier of oil worldwide. So, we have a mystery – why would some people from one of our allies become involved in a plot to attack us?

33. In other words, why did they do it? To answer this question, we need a little historical background… In 1979, the Soviet Union (Russians) invaded Afghanistan. We secretly, through the CIA, funded an army of Islamic resistance fighters to fight the Soviet Army. The person who raised money from the Arab world and to whom we gave billions of dollars was a Saudi man named Osama Bin Laden.

34. Soviet Union Invades Afghanistan

35. Osama Bin Laden and Al-Queda The alliance with Bin Laden was successful – his army pushed out the Soviets by 1989 (ten years)! How? U.S. Made Stinger Missiles!

36. After the Soviets left… The army that Bin Laden led allied itself with a local radical Islamic group called the Taliban and fought other groups in Afghanistan for control of the country. By 1996, they had taken over. The Taliban forced the people of Afghanistan to strictly observe a severe form of Islam.

37. One Vision of the Good Society:

38. The Ultimate Goal of Al-Queda To create Taliban-style societies in all Muslim majority nations, especially Saudi Arabia (which is home to the most important sites in Islam) The problem for them was that the U.S. had military bases in Saudi Arabia to protect it from all enemies, including Al- Qaeda.

39. Why were (are) we such good friends with the royal family that controls Saudi Arabia? Oil…Texas Tea…Black Gold Aren’t we BFFs?

40. So, Al-Queda began to attack the U.S. around the world… Embassy Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 Bombing of U.S.S. Cole in Yemen in 2000

41. Then, Al-Queda made their biggest attack on 9-11 The World Trade Center in New York City – A symbol of American Economics The Pentagon outside D.C. – A symbol of the American Military ? The White House or the Capitol Building – A symbol of American Government

42. So, why did Al-Queda do it? 1-To scare the American people into stopping their support of the royal family in Saudi Arabia and other Islamic governments that Al-Queda disliked. 2-To show Americans and the world that America was vulnerable and could not just do what it wanted to do around the world. 3-To become heroes (from their interpretation of their Holy Book, the Quran).

43. Part III: How did we respond?

44. What did the U.S. Government do to respond to the attacks on 9/11? The U.S. Congress authorized President Bush with new powers to begin a “War on Terror” in 2001. Let’s now look at 5 different ways the U.S. Government responded…

45. 1. Invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 –We invaded Afghanistan to oust Al- Queda and their Afghan supporters, the Taliban. – We have worked to re-build Afghanistan as a modern democratic nation. –We’re scheduled to leave there in a few years.

46. 2. Development of “The Bush Doctrine” and the Invasion of Iraq in 2003 When the U.S. felt great danger from somewhere on earth, it was OK to invade before a possible attack. Thus, we invaded Iraq because we though they had nuclear weapons and might use them against us or one of our allies. It turned out we were wrong. We have been in Iraq for ten years trying to rebuild it into a stable democratic nation. Most of our troops left Iraq last summer – many of them went to Afghanistan.

47. 3. Passed The Patriot Act –Passed the Patriot Act, which among other things, lets the U.S. Government read all email, text messages, and phone calls in search of terrorist activity.

48. 4. Hold Terror Suspects Without Trial and use “Enhanced Interrogation Methods” on them.

49. 5. Began a 10 Year Manhunt for Bin Laden You’ll see two images next. The first is an image of the kind of place many U.S. experts thought Bin Laden was hiding- in. The second image is the actual place he was found, and killed, in.

52. Part IV: A Look at Post-9/11 by the Numbers…

53. U.S. Defense Spending since 9-11

55. Federal Budget (Billions of $) 9-11 Recession of 2000 Tax Cuts Great Recession of 2008 End of the Cold War War on Terror

56. Airline Flights since 9-11

57. Newspaper Mentions of Bin Laden since 9-11

58. Hate Crimes since 9-11

59. Dina’s Story – A Muslim-American girl recounts the impact of 9/11 on her life. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/911v oices/

60. Muslim Community Center near Ground Zero: Good Idea?

61. Shabbir Ahmed- 47 years old - Windows on the World Restaurant Tariq Amanullah- 40 years old - Fiduciary Trust Co. Michael Baksh- 36 years old - Marsh & McLennan Touri Hamzavi Bolourchi- 69 years old - retired nurse on United #175 Abul K. Chowdhury- 30 years old - Cantor Fitzgerald Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury- 38 years old - Windows on the World Jemal Legesse De Santis- 28 years old - World Trade Center Simon Suleman Ali Kassamali Dhanani- 63 years old - Aon Corp. Syed Abdul Fatha- 54 years old - Pitney Bowes Mon Gjonbalaj- 65 years old - Janitor, World Trade Center Nezam A. Hafiz- 32 years old - Marsh & McLennan Mohammed Salman Hamdani- 23 years old - NYPD Cadet Zuhtu Ibis- 25 years old - Cantor Fitzgerald Muhammadou Jawara- 30 years old - MAS Security Sarah Khan- 32 years old - Forte Food Service Taimour Firaz Khan- 29 years old - Carr Futures Abdoulaye Kone- 37 years old - Windows on the World Abdu Ali Malahi- 37 years old - WTC Marriott Nurul Hoque Miah- 35 years old - Marsh & McLennan Boyie Mohammed- 50 years old - Carr Futures Ehtesham U. Raja- 28 years old - TCG Software Ameenia Rasool- 33 years old - Marsh & McLennan Mohammad Ali Sadeque - 62 years old - newspaper vendor at WTC Rahma Salie & child- 28 years old (7 months pregnant) - American Flight #11 Khalid M. Shahid- 25 years old - Cantor Fitzgerald Mohammed Shajahan- 41 years old - Marsh & McLennan Nasima Hameed Simjee- 38 years old - Fiduciary Trust Co. Michael Theodoridis- 32 years old - American #11 Abdoul Karim Traore- 41 years old - Windows on the World Karamo Trerra- 40 years old - ASAP NetSource Shakila Yasmin- 26 years old - Marsh & McLennan Source: http://www.legacy.com/Sept11/Story.aspx?PersonID=139410&location=2

62. President Bush’s Approval Rating since 9-11

63. Cost of 9/11 http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/201 1/09/08/us/sept-11-reckoning/cost- graphic.html?hp

64. Numbers from the War on Terror How many U.S. soldiers have been killed in Iraq? Afghanistan? 4,474 U.S. soldiers in Iraq 1,758 U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan (icasualties.org) How many U.S. soldiers have been wounded in Iraq? Afghanistan? 32,159 U.S. soldiers in Iraq 13,011 U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan (icasualites.org)

65. Civilian Deaths in the War on Terror How many civilian deaths in Iraq? Approx. 90,000 to 600,000 Iraqi civilians How many civilian deaths in Afghanistan? Unknown

66. More numbers from the War on Terror How many U.S. troops are stationed in both Afghanistan and Iraq today? 90,000 in Afghanistan Approximately 50,000 in Iraq (Withdrawal will continue)

67. Questions about costs… Pentagon Estimate of the cost of the Iraq Invasion $50 Billion Actual Dollars Spent So Far in Iraq Approx. $810,000,000,000 (that’s billions) Actual Dollars Spent So Far in Afghanistan Approx. $437,000,000,000 (that’s billions) Source: http://costofwar.com/en/

68. Last Numbers on the War on Terror # of successful terror acts in the U.S. by Al Qaeda since 9/11? Zero # of Years that we have been in Iraq? 7 # of Years we’ll be in Afghanistan? 10 and counting Amount of Federal Debt this year? Approximately $14,000,000,000,000 ($14 Trillion)

69. Part V. A Last Question – When will the War on Terror be finished?

70. How do you kill Al-Queda? Osama Bin Laden Ayman al-Zawahri Atiyah abd al-Rahman

71. U.S. Bases Around the World

72. What is History? Is History just “the past” or is it “an account of the past”? If it is a story about the past, then how is that story formed, how is that story used? What is the “account of the past” of 9/11?

73. Competing “Accounts of 9/11”: 1 – The terrorists attacked America because they hated our freedoms. 2 – The terrorists were protesting America’s foreign policy of protecting Muslim governments that Al-Queda didn’t like. 3 – The terrorists were insane – there was no reason.

74. A final thought…from George Orwell in his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four “He who controls the present controls the past, he who controls the past, controls the future”